scholarly journals Impact of Decentralization and Rail Network Extension on Future Traffic in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13196
Author(s):  
Masanobu Kii ◽  
Varameth Vichiensan ◽  
Carlos Llorca ◽  
Ana Moreno ◽  
Rolf Moeckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Land Use Scenario ◽  
Transportation Policies ◽  
The Impact

In many large cities in developing countries, investments in transportation infrastructure are insufficient for the growing population, resulting in chronic traffic congestion and overcrowding. The urban population of developing countries is expected to increase further toward the middle of this century, and urban planning and transportation policies that foresee future population changes and economic growth are necessary to make these cities more sustainable. Bangkok is one of the most congested metropolitan areas in the world, and transport projects such as the extension of the public transportation system are being implemented. However, due to the monocentric urban structure, both road and rail traffic is extremely congested during peak hours, which impedes some economic activities and personal interaction. In this study, we simulate the impact of urban and transportation measures in Bangkok from today to 2050. In addition to the expansion of the planned rail transit network, we evaluate the effects of a land use scenario in which sub-centers are established to develop a polycentric urban structure. The impact of alternative zoning and transportation policies and projects in Bangkok is discussed. Although this study is focused on Bangkok, the findings are assumed to be transferable to other large cities in developing countries.

scholarly journals Behavior of Traffic Congestion and Public Transport in Eight Large Cities in Latin America during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4703
Author(s):  
Renato Andara ◽  
Jesús Ortego-Osa ◽  
Melva Inés Gómez-Caicedo ◽  
Rodrigo Ramírez-Pisco ◽  
Luis Manuel Navas-Gracia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Johns Hopkins Hospital ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Public Data ◽  
The Impact

This comparative study analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorized mobility in eight large cities of five Latin American countries. Public institutions and private organizations have made public data available for a better understanding of the contagion process of the pandemic, its impact, and the effectiveness of the implemented health control measures. In this research, data from the IDB Invest Dashboard were used for traffic congestion as well as data from the Moovit© public transport platform. For the daily cases of COVID-19 contagion, those published by Johns Hopkins Hospital University were used. The analysis period corresponds from 9 March to 30 September 2020, approximately seven months. For each city, a descriptive statistical analysis of the loss and subsequent recovery of motorized mobility was carried out, evaluated in terms of traffic congestion and urban transport through the corresponding regression models. The recovery of traffic congestion occurs earlier and faster than that of urban transport since the latter depends on the control measures imposed in each city. Public transportation does not appear to have been a determining factor in the spread of the pandemic in Latin American cities.

Economic Constitutions in the Developing World

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-690
Author(s):  
Ngoc Son Bui
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Economic Constitution ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Legal Document ◽  
National Ideology ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A constitution is not purely a legal document. Neither is it only a political manifesto. It is also an economic charter which expresses a country’s economic hopes and aspirations, and regulates economic activities of constitutional stakeholders. This paper adumbrates a framework to understand the economic constitutions in the developing world. It explores the direct concept of an economic constitution, which refers to a constitution deriving from an overarching economic rationale, created or reformed through a process operating as a platform for different sectors of the society to deliberate economic questions, and consequently addressing national economic identity, principles, rights, and structural institutions in its substantive contents. Economic constitutions have two main functions: expressive and regulative. The tentative explanatory factors that may account for similarities and differences in the economic constitutions in developing countries include: the pre-existing economic conditions, the institutional setting, the national ideology, and the impact of globalization. The findings of this study offer systematic implications for the study of developing countries actively pursuing constitutional and economic development.

scholarly journals The Impact of Mobility Policy and Modal Share to The University Community in Bologna

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Battistini ◽  
Luciana Sacchetti ◽  
Andrea Braschi
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Policy Application ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

In the Twentieth century transportation has been one of the most impactful drivers for economic and social development, while nowadays, it appears as a major cause of environmental and social problems. Even worse, the more transportation has become a relevant part in daily life and business, the more it is blamed for problems such as traffic congestion, car accidents, social economic inequality, energy consumption and pollution. Transportation is in fact caught in a vicious circle. Urban planning is forced to reduce transition costs, transforming cities in a sort of social network, and in parallel to orient mobility towards sustainability, both capable to convey socioeconomic development. Within this context, the University of Bologna has chosen a sustainable approach for its Multi-campus territorial structure, applying several sustainable mobility policies regarding public transportation, cycling, electric/hybrid car fleet and walking accessibility. The paper purpose is to show significative links between sustainable policy application and modal share, using data from an online survey submitted to university staff and students. Even gender influence on modal share has been investigated.

scholarly journals The Evolvement of Rail Transit Network Structure and Impact on Travel Characteristics: A Case Study of Wuhan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Jiandong Peng ◽  
Changwei Cui ◽  
Jiajie Qi ◽  
Zehan Ruan ◽  
Qi Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Transportation Demand ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Impact

The expansion of the rail transit network has a positive impact on travel characteristics under spatial and temporal constraints by changing accessibility. However, few empirical studies have examined the longitudinal evolution of the impact of accessibility and travel characteristics. In this paper, a model of the Wuhan rail transit network is constructed and the evolution of the spatial pattern of accessibility over different periods is analyzed. The correlation of accessibility with rail transit travel characteristics is studied longitudinally to provide theoretical support for rail transit construction and traffic demand management. The study shows that: (1) Wuhan’s rail transit network has evolved from a tree to a ring, improving the operational efficiency. (2) The accessibility of Wuhan’s rail transit network has evolved into a circular structure, showing a decreasing trend away from the city center. (3) The change of accessibility greatly affects travel characteristics. The higher the accessibility, the higher the traffic volume, and the lower the travel frequency, the more residents travel during peak hours, and the shorter the travel distance. These findings are useful for gaining insight into public transportation demand in large cities, and thus for developing reasonable transportation demand management policies.

scholarly journals Variable Arrangements Between Residential and Productive Activities: Conceiving Mixed-Use for Urban Development in Brussels

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-349
Author(s):  
Michael Ryckewaert ◽  
Jan Zaman ◽  
Sarah De Boeck
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Shared Spaces ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Estate Agency

Mixing productive economic activities with housing is a hot topic in academic and policy discourses on the redevelopment of large cities today. Mixed-use is proposed to reduce adverse effects of modernist planning such as single-use zoning, traffic congestion, and loss of quality in public space. Moreover, productive city discourses plead for the re-integration of industry and manufacturing in the urban tissue. Often, historical examples of successful mixed-use in urban areas serve as a guiding image, with vertical symbiosis appearing as the holy grail of the live-work mix-discourse. This article examines three recent live-work mix projects developed by a public real estate agency in Brussels. We investigate how different spatial layouts shape the links between productive, residential, and other land uses and how potential conflicts between residents and economic actors are mediated. We develop a theoretical framework based on earlier conceptualisations of mixed-use development to analyse the spatial and functional relationships within the projects. We situate them within the housing and productive city policies in Brussels. From this analysis, we conclude that mixed-use should be understood by considering spatial and functional relationships at various scales and by studying the actual spatial layout of shared spaces, logistics and nuisance mitigation. Mixed-use is highly contextual, depending on the characteristics of the area as well as policy goals. The vertical symbiosis between different land uses is but one example of valid mixed-use strategies along with good neighbourship, overlap, and tolerance. As such, future commercial and industrial areas will occur in various degrees of mixity in our cities.

scholarly journals Car ownership and commuting mode of the “original” residents in a high-density city center: A case study in Shanghai

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Haixiao Pan ◽  
Yanbo Ge
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Central Area ◽  
High Density ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
City Center ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

As a result of rapid urbanization and motorization in China, numerous mega-cities have emerged, and large numbers of people live and work in the city centers. Consequently, developing a public transport-oriented urban structure and promoting sustainable development are major planning strategies for the country. To understand the impact of rail transit on motorization in a high-density city center, we conduct a household travel survey in three neighborhoods around metro stations in the central area of Shanghai. We examine the car buying and commuting behavior of those Shanghai “original” residents who lived there when the city began growing, engulfing them in the center. Studies have shown that 40 percent of commuters in the city center commute outward, following a virtually reversed commute pattern, and the factors significantly affecting their car purchasing choice include their attitude toward cars and transit, household incomes, ownership of the apartments they live in, and the distance between family members’ workplaces and nearest metro stations. Despite easy access to the metro from their home in the city center, those who purchase their apartment units also likely own a car, while those who rent their apartment units are less likely to own a car; however, these odds are still higher than for those who live in an apartment unit inherited from their relatives or provided by their company. In the city center, if a family owns a car, then that car would almost certainly be used for daily commuting. A multinomial logistic model is applied to examine the factors influencing the tendency for using cars. The results show that people’s choices of commuting by alternative modes rather than cars are also shaped by their attitude toward public transportation, but other factors can also subtly change people’s commuting behavior under certain conditions. The commuting distance discourages people from walking and taking buses (but not metro). As the egress distance to the workplace increases, the metro becomes less appealing than cars. Mixed land use encourages people to walk or take buses instead of driving. Older people prefer riding buses and walking to driving, and female respondents tend to prefer walking, cycling, and riding the metro to driving compared to male respondents. These findings contribute to understanding the behavior of people who are familiar with public transportation and how to encourage them to switch from driving cars to alternative transport modes.

Experience and Reference of Implementing Public Transport Priority Strategy Dominated by Urban Rail Transit in Tokyo

2014 ◽  
Vol 505-506 ◽  
pp. 813-819
Author(s):  
Bin Ya Zhang ◽  
Hao Yue ◽  
Shuai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Urban Rail

Urban public transportation is the main effective way to solve the problem of increasingly congested city ground traffic, and public transport priority is the important guarantee to realize the way. Due to the short domestic history, there are problems to be solved in the respects of on the implementation of "public transport priority" in specific operation method, implementation measures and matters needing attention etc. Some oversea cities with high population density and serious traffic congestion have made some exploration in public transport priority development whose experiences are worthy of reference. Tokyo, the typical oversea city, has been selected out by this paper. Analysis has been down on the issue of the experiences and achievement of Tokyo in implementing the public transport priority strategy which is donated by urban rail transit, and experiences are summed up. On the basis of it, some suggestions have been proposed for the implementation of China's large cities public transport priority strategy.

FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950012 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMINA SABIR ◽  
RASHID LATIF ◽  
UNBREEN QAYYUM ◽  
KAMRAN ABASS
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Development Technology ◽  
The Impact

Financial sector development plays a pivotal role in the process of economic growth and development through mobilization of savings and creating investment opportunities. Financial development also increases the level of technology by providing finance to entrepreneurs for technological innovations which leads to economic growth. Moreover, financial markets develop rapidly in those countries which have strong legal system to enforce property rights, support private contractual arrangement and protect the rights of investors that can support real economic activities. Therefore, the presence of good quality institutions strengthens financial development which leads to technological development and growth. This study investigates the impact of financial development, technology and institutions on economic growth of selected developing countries over the time span of 1996–2015. This study extends the Augmented Solow growth model by incorporating variables such as financial development, technology, institutions and their interaction terms in the model. Due to endogeneity problem, the empirical model used in the study is estimated by System Generalized Method of Moments (System-GMM). Empirical results show that financial development, technology and institutions have very strong effects on the economic growth developing countries. To attain a sustainable economic growth, developing countries should develop their institutions which are necessary for the effective functioning of financial markets that stimulate economic growth by providing finance to entrepreneurs for innovations in technological sectors.

scholarly journals Urban Rail Transit in Bangkok: Chronological Development Review and Impact on Residential Property Value

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Varameth Vichiensan ◽  
Vasinee Wasuntarasook ◽  
Yoshitsugu Hayashi ◽  
Masanobu Kii ◽  
Titipakorn Prakayaphun
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Hedonic Price ◽  
Property Value ◽  
The Impact

Bangkok suffered from the world’s worst traffic congestion in the 1990s due to rapidly increasing car ownership, reflecting the economic growth and road-dependent transport policy beginning in the 1960s. Due to its monocentric but scattered urban structure, traffic congestion is severe, causing tremendous economic loss, deteriorating air quality, and badly affecting the quality of life. A historical review reveals that the urban and transport plan and development were not efficiently coordinated, resulting in unorganized suburbanization and progressively more severe traffic congestion. It is important to reveal the impact of the transportation project on the housing market in order to incorporate the policies for transportation and urban development. To define the impact, the OLS hedonic price model and the local multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model were estimated, along with the condominium sales data. The results revealed that the impact of rail transit on a rise in property value significantly varied across the study area. It was estimated that, for the area along the major rail transit corridor in the city center, a premium of a location 100-m closer to the station would be more than 200 USD per square meter. At the same time, the value would be less than 80 USD for the area along the rail corridor in the suburb. These findings provide policy insights for future urban and railway development, including the proper coordination of rail transit development and urban development with subcenters, transit-oriented development, and improved pedestrian flow around transit stations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document