scholarly journals The Evolvement of Rail Transit Network Structure and Impact on Travel Characteristics: A Case Study of Wuhan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Jiandong Peng ◽  
Changwei Cui ◽  
Jiajie Qi ◽  
Zehan Ruan ◽  
Qi Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Transportation Demand ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Impact

The expansion of the rail transit network has a positive impact on travel characteristics under spatial and temporal constraints by changing accessibility. However, few empirical studies have examined the longitudinal evolution of the impact of accessibility and travel characteristics. In this paper, a model of the Wuhan rail transit network is constructed and the evolution of the spatial pattern of accessibility over different periods is analyzed. The correlation of accessibility with rail transit travel characteristics is studied longitudinally to provide theoretical support for rail transit construction and traffic demand management. The study shows that: (1) Wuhan’s rail transit network has evolved from a tree to a ring, improving the operational efficiency. (2) The accessibility of Wuhan’s rail transit network has evolved into a circular structure, showing a decreasing trend away from the city center. (3) The change of accessibility greatly affects travel characteristics. The higher the accessibility, the higher the traffic volume, and the lower the travel frequency, the more residents travel during peak hours, and the shorter the travel distance. These findings are useful for gaining insight into public transportation demand in large cities, and thus for developing reasonable transportation demand management policies.

scholarly journals Behavior of Traffic Congestion and Public Transport in Eight Large Cities in Latin America during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4703
Author(s):  
Renato Andara ◽  
Jesús Ortego-Osa ◽  
Melva Inés Gómez-Caicedo ◽  
Rodrigo Ramírez-Pisco ◽  
Luis Manuel Navas-Gracia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Johns Hopkins Hospital ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Public Data ◽  
The Impact

This comparative study analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorized mobility in eight large cities of five Latin American countries. Public institutions and private organizations have made public data available for a better understanding of the contagion process of the pandemic, its impact, and the effectiveness of the implemented health control measures. In this research, data from the IDB Invest Dashboard were used for traffic congestion as well as data from the Moovit© public transport platform. For the daily cases of COVID-19 contagion, those published by Johns Hopkins Hospital University were used. The analysis period corresponds from 9 March to 30 September 2020, approximately seven months. For each city, a descriptive statistical analysis of the loss and subsequent recovery of motorized mobility was carried out, evaluated in terms of traffic congestion and urban transport through the corresponding regression models. The recovery of traffic congestion occurs earlier and faster than that of urban transport since the latter depends on the control measures imposed in each city. Public transportation does not appear to have been a determining factor in the spread of the pandemic in Latin American cities.

Transit networks, social contacts and open data meet public transportation plans for post-COVID-19: A Canadian case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Benning ◽  
Jonathan Calles ◽  
Burak Kantarci ◽  
Shahzad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Municipal Services ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
The Impact

This article presents a practical method for the assessment of the risk profiles of communities by tracking / acquiring, fusing and analyzing data from public transportation, district population distribution, passenger interactions and cross-locality travel data. The proposed framework fuses these data sources into a realistic simulation of a transit network for a given time span. By shedding credible insights into the impact of public transit on pandemic spread, the research findings will help to set the groundwork for tools that could provide pandemic response teams and municipalities with a robust framework for the evaluations of city districts most at risk, and how to adjust municipal services accordingly.

scholarly journals Traffic Demands Policies Effect on Congestion, Delay and Fuel Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-527
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
System Management ◽  
Transportation Demand ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Study Case ◽  
The Government ◽  
Reduction Percentage

Traffic demands on Jordanian streets have been affected by the increasing human population and the number of vehicles. This study aims to apply transportation demand management (TDM) techniques to improve the level of service (LOS). The study employs both TDM and transportation system management (TSM). In order to investigate what type of strategies to be considered a questionnaire is used. The acceptance degrees of the TDM and TSM groups were measured via the questionnaires using SPSS version 20. The selected policies then are used on a certain location as a study case in Amman city; an intersection is connecting two urban main streets. The used policies have a reduction percentage in traffic demands which is expected throughout an expert panel. The results show that delay and fuel consumption are indeed reduced; however, this does not lead to any considerable improvement in the LOS. The LOS was enhanced when the reduction in traffic demand reached 20% with an increase in capacity achieved by adding 3 new lanes. The fuel consumption and delays were measured to be about 35% less with growth rate of 8% for the coming five years. This study is expected to help popularize TDM policies in place of other solutions so that inexpensive measures can be adopted by the government.

Impact of a course in evidence-informed policy-making on the acquisition of methodological knowledge: Findings from before-and-after studies conducted on three consecutive cohorts of master students

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-311
Author(s):  
Luc Lapointe
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Master's Students ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The practice of evidence-informed policy-making (EIPM) consists of systematically searching, analyzing, synthesizing and disseminating the best available research evidence to inform decision-makers about policy problems, policy tools, implementation options, and/or policy evaluation results. Identifying the best available scientific evidence is not a simple task. The vast majority of research evidence contains risks of bias that hinder the reliability of their conclusions. In order to select the soundest available research evidence, policy analysts need to know how to critically appraise research evidence and identify different risks of bias. Formal theories on expertise acquisition in public bureaucracies suggest that these skills and knowledge should be acquired within academia rather than within governmental agencies. We thus created a 45-hour course in EIPM, POL-7061, that was first offered in 2012 to students enrolled in the Master’s Program in Public Affairs at Université Laval (Québec, Canada). The course mainly teaches techniques for searching and appraising different types of empirical studies. In 2013, we conducted a before-and-after study to assess the impact of the course on the methodological knowledge of the students. We repeated the exercise on two consecutive cohorts in 2014 and 2015. Mean percent of pre-post improvement on the knowledge test was 37% for the 2013 cohort, 51% for the 2014 cohort and 31% for the cohort of 2015. Teaching techniques in EIPM to Master’s students in public affairs is thus feasible and can have a positive impact on their basic methodological knowledge.

scholarly journals Passenger Satisfaction Evaluation of Public Transportation Using Pythagorean Fuzzy MULTIMOORA Method under Large Group Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Hui Li ◽  
Lin Huang ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Hu-Chen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
New Method ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
The Public ◽  
Passenger Satisfaction ◽  
Group Environment ◽  
Public Transportation System ◽  
Satisfaction Evaluation

Passenger satisfaction is an important factor that affects the choice of travel modes for municipalities, especially in big cities. This evaluation is an important task for managers when they are considering improving the competitiveness of the public transportation system. However, passenger satisfaction evaluation is difficult as the information provided by passengers is often vague, imprecise, and uncertain. This paper aims to propose a new method, using Pythagorean fuzzy sets and multi-objective optimization by a ratio analysis plus full multiplicative form method (MULTIMOORA), to evaluate the passenger satisfaction level of the public transportation system under large group environment. The former is employed to represent the satisfaction assessments of rail transit network provided by passengers. The latter is extended and used to determine the passenger satisfaction levels of rail transit lines. In addition, a combination weighting method is suggested to compute the relative weights of evaluation criteria. A case study of the rail transit network in Shanghai is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed passenger satisfaction evaluation method. The result shows that the new method proposed in this study can not only model passengers’ satisfaction evaluation information with more uncertainties, but also determine more reasonable and credible satisfaction levels of rail transit lines.

The impact of motivations and meanings on the wellbeing of caregivers of people with dementia: a systematic review

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Quinn ◽  
Linda Clare ◽  
Robert T Woods
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Dementia Caregiving ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Kin Relationship ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground: The majority of people in the early and middle stages of dementia are cared for at home by non-paid caregivers, the majority of whom will be family members. Two factors which could have an impact on the quality of care provided to the care-recipient are the caregiver's motivations for providing care and the meaning s/he finds in caregiving. The aim of this review is to explore the potential impact of both meaning and motivation on the wellbeing of caregivers of people with dementia. The review also explores individual differences in motivations to provide care.Methods: This was a systematic review of peer-reviewed empirical studies exploring motivations and meanings in informal caregivers of people with dementia. Four studies were identified which examined the caregiver's motivations to provide care. Six studies were identified which examined the meaning that caregivers found in dementia caregiving.Results: Caregivers' wellbeing could be influenced by the nature of their motivations to care. In addition, cultural norms and caregivers’ kin-relationship to the care-recipient impacted on motivations to provide care. Finding meaning had a positive impact on caregiver wellbeing.Conclusions: The limited evidence currently available indicates that both the caregiver's motivations to provide care and the meaning s/he finds in caregiving can have implications for the caregiver's wellbeing. More research is needed to explore the role of motivations and meaning in dementia caregiving.

scholarly journals Strategic Development of Transportation Demand Management in Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basim Jrew ◽  
Majed Msallam ◽  
Mona Momani
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
System Management ◽  
Transportation Demand Management ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Transportation Demand ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Urban Population Growth

The urban population growth and increase in a number of vehicles have affected the travel demand on Jordan Streets. The study aims to apply the Transportation Demand Management (TDM) policies to reduce the traffic flow in urban areas and improve the Level of Service (LOS). A group of a combination between TDM and Transportation System Management (TSM) strategies have been conducted, when TDM strategies were not successful to improve LOS. TSM concept refers to any group of actions that increase the capacity of roads network. Synchro 8 software was used to analyse the intersection conditions as important point, connecting two main arterial street in Amman area. A significant reduction in delay and fuel consumption was measured, but there was no real enhancement in LOS. The LOS was improved, when traffic demand was reduced by 20% and capacity was increased with 6 lanes on each approach for the existing conditions. The percentage of saving in fuel consumption and delay was observed to be around 64% and 63%, respectively for the next 5 years.

The Influence of Information Technology Utilization (ITU) on Supply Chain Integration (SCI)

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-43
Author(s):  
Thawatchai Jitpaiboon ◽  
Sushil Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Supply Chain Integration ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Integrated Supply Chain ◽  
The Impact

The key to competitiveness in most industries has moved beyond the traditionally confined single organization. In today’s global competitive business environment, competitiveness is heavily influenced by the ability of the multiple organizations in a supply chain to synchronize and integrate their business activities and processes. Supply chain integration, (SCI) which links the activities, functions, processes, and systems of a firm with its customers and suppliers, can reduce uncertainty, enhance responsiveness, reduce costs, and improve customer service. Empirical studies have explored SCI and reported that information technology (IT) is a key ingredient for the success of the integrated supply chain. While the research on SCI has been reported in OM literature, empirical studies that investigate the impact of different levels of IT utilization (ITU) – strategic, operational, and infrastructural - on SCI are not available. This research also explores the impact of top management support (TMS) on the relationship between ITU and SCI. Based on data collected from 220 manufacturing firms, this study indicates that ITU will have a positive impact on the success of an integrated supply chain when top management is personally involved in the technology implementation process.

Analysis Public Transportation City of Dili to Improve Service with Users Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
Florentino Pereira ◽  
Nunung Widyaningsih ◽  
Hermanto Dwiatmoko
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Trip Generation ◽  
Transportation Demand Management ◽  
Transportation Demand ◽  
The Government

Many public transport drivers in City of Dili do not apply various regulations from the government. Located on Becora-Baidi, Becora-Bidau, and Tasi Tolu-Bidau Road. This causes congestion and traffic accidents, and impact on economy. The purpose of study is to determine the trip generation model and its factors, city transportation service performance, and how to formulate TDM concept in public transport. The survey conducted was daily volume of public transport, questionnaires, and interviews 2020. Looking for value of angkot generation with instrument test and multiple regression (IBM SPSS 22). To analyze services used parameters and Severy Index. Then, concept of Transportation Demand Management (TDM) with Guttman Scale. After analyzing, the trip generation value, Y = -1,3920 + 0,0275.X1 + 0,4958.X2 + 0,1734.X3 – 0,0601. X4 - 0,0657.X5 - 0,0001.X6 - 0,0193.X7 - 0,7670.X8 + 0,8801.X9 + 0,6721.X10 + 0,1058.X11, positive value is factor that most influences the respondent's decision to trips using public transportation: gender (X1), age (X2), job (X3), duration of trip (X9), number of passengers (X10), and waiting time for public transportation (X11). However, in service level is still “low” category. Then, for TDM concept gets 87% in 51%-99% range. Means that angkot users agree, if TDM concept is propose to the government of Dili City, and public transportation will be better in the future. Keywords: Trip Generation, Public Transportation Mode, Public Transportation Services, Transportation Demand Management, TDM.

Development an Urban Rail Transit Network Scale Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 1843-1846
Author(s):  
Xin Xin ◽  
Yan Yong Guo ◽  
Yao Wu ◽  
Ti Song
Keyword(s):  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
Network Scale ◽  
Urban Rail Transit Network

The network scale is an important indicator of the urban rail transit. In order to determine a reasonable scale of rail transit network, this paper analysis the influencing factors of the urban rail transit network scale. Furthermore, the main indicators of the network are summed up and analyzed. And a model of rail transit network scale is proposed based on the traffic demand. Finally, a case study of Xi'an is used to validate the model. The result shows that the model is effective and practical.

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