scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Intrinsic Seismic Risk of Open Spaces in Existing Built Environments: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Martina Russo ◽  
Marco Angelosanti ◽  
Gabriele Bernardini ◽  
Laura Severi ◽  
Enrico Quagliarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Bibliographic Search

Open spaces (OSs), such as streets, squares, and green areas, in existing built environments (BEs) are key places in disaster risk management. The seismic risk in the OSs is strictly related to BE characteristics. Scientific literature mainly focuses on extrinsic factors affecting risk, which are related to BE elements on the OSs frontier (e.g., buildings) that could cause indirect effects on the OSs. Conversely, just a few risk assessment studies consider intrinsic factors, which are related to OS elements that could suffer direct effects. Moreover, synoptic studies on such factors are still missing. Through literature-based research, the paper identifies specific factors influencing seismic risk in the OSs, focusing notably on intrinsic vulnerability. The literature review methodology includes both a systematic review from Scopus databases and a traditional bibliographic search using snowball analysis. According to the final selected papers, risk factors are classified into five categories of OS characteristics: morpho-typology; physical; construction; use and users; and context. Statistical analysis of the categories’ recurrence in the final papers firstly allows current literature gaps to be defined. The results also provide a preliminary OSs risk index weighting each category in terms of such recurrences, thus representing a first useful step to support non-expert stakeholders in a preliminary assessment of priorities to define the seismic risk of Oss.

scholarly journals Testing Relationships between Energy and Vertebrate Abundance

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Carbone ◽  
Nathalie Pettorelli
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Geographic Datasets ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Free Ranging

Understanding what drives variation in the abundance of organisms is fundamental to evolutionary ecology and wildlife management. Yet despite its importance, there is still great uncertainty about the main factors influencing variation in vertebrate abundance across taxa. We believe valuable knowledge and increased predictive power could be gained by taking into account both the intrinsic factors of species and the extrinsic factors related to environmental surroundings in the commonly citedRQmodel, which provides a simple conceptual framework valid at both the interspecific and the intraspecific scales. Approaches comparing studies undertaken at different spatial and taxonomic scales could be key to our ability to better predict abundance, and thanks to the increased availability of population size data, global geographic datasets, and improved comparative methods, there might be unprecedented opportunities to (1) gain a greater understanding of vertebrate abundance patterns and (2) test existing theories on free-ranging animals.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Nursing Students’ Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Dwi Karina Ariadni ◽  
Siti Zahara Nasution ◽  
Reni Asmara Ariga
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Nursing Student ◽  
Intrinsic Factor ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Study Results

High learning motivation is influenced by some factors from intrinsic factor (in self) and extrinsic factor. This study aims to describe the intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors in learning motivation. This is a descriptive design study with quota random sampling. 90 respondents were involved in this study. Results of intrinsic factors measured by interest in the field of knowledge studied: 47.8% of respondents collect tasks given in accordance with the time set, and 41.1% of respondents diligently follow the lecture. The results of the study of extrinsic factors are measured by the quality of lecturers who teach: 51.1% of lecturers often provide questions clearly and briefly. Based on the method of lecturing: simulation methods in the laboratory often increase the motivation to learn. Based on the lecture’s room: 57.8% stated that a clean lecture’s room can improve the concentration of learning. Based on the complete book in the library: 47.8% encourage respondents to do the task quickly. Based on the learning facilities: 47.8% are always motivated to learn if the lecturer uses LCD. Support of parents (76.7%) in meeting the needs of respondents in learning.The management of nursing education is suggested to motivate students during lectures based on intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors. Keywords : learning motivation, affecting factor, nursing student

scholarly journals Seasonality of helminth infection in wild red deer varies between individuals and between parasite taxa

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (11) ◽  
pp. 1410-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory F. Albery ◽  
Fiona Kenyon ◽  
Alison Morris ◽  
Sean Morris ◽  
Daniel H. Nussey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Poisson Models ◽  
Common Liver Fluke

AbstractParasitism in wild mammals can vary according to myriad intrinsic and extrinsic factors, many of which vary seasonally. However, seasonal variation in parasitism is rarely studied using repeated samples from known individuals. Here we used a wild population of individually recognized red deer (Cervus elaphus) on the Isle of Rum to quantify seasonality and intrinsic factors affecting gastrointestinal helminth parasitism over the course of a year. We collected 1020 non-invasive faecal samples from 328 known individuals which we then analysed for propagules of three helminth taxa: strongyle nematodes, the common liver flukeFasciola hepaticaand the tissue nematodeElaphostrongylus cervi. Zero-inflated Poisson models were used to investigate how season, age and sex were associated with parasite prevalence and count intensity, while Poisson models were used to quantify individual repeatability within and between sampling seasons. Parasite intensity and prevalence varied according to all investigated factors, with opposing seasonality, age profiles and sex biases between parasite taxa. Repeatability was moderate, decreased between seasons and varied between parasites; bothF. hepaticaandE. cervishowed significant between-season repeatability, while strongyle nematode counts were only repeatable within-season and showed no repeatability within individuals across the year.

scholarly journals Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Affecting Microtubule Dynamics in Normal and Cancer Cells

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Borys ◽  
Ewa Joachimiak ◽  
Hanna Krawczyk ◽  
Hanna Fabczak
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Microtubule Dynamics ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intracellular Traffic ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Microtubule Targeting Agents ◽  
Dynamic Structures

Microtubules (MTs), highly dynamic structures composed of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers, are involved in cell movement and intracellular traffic and are essential for cell division. Within the cell, MTs are not uniform as they can be composed of different tubulin isotypes that are post-translationally modified and interact with different microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). These diverse intrinsic factors influence the dynamics of MTs. Extrinsic factors such as microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) can also affect MT dynamics. MTAs can be divided into two main categories: microtubule-stabilizing agents (MSAs) and microtubule-destabilizing agents (MDAs). Thus, the MT skeleton is an important target for anticancer therapy. This review discusses factors that determine the microtubule dynamics in normal and cancer cells and describes microtubule–MTA interactions, highlighting the importance of tubulin isoform diversity and post-translational modifications in MTA responses and the consequences of such a phenomenon, including drug resistance development.

scholarly journals Critical factors for the bulk adhesion of engineered elastomeric proteins

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 171225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jane Brennan ◽  
Sydney E. Hollingshead ◽  
Jonathan J. Wilker ◽  
Julie C. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Mussel Adhesive ◽  
Cure Temperature ◽  
Adhesive Proteins

Many protein-based materials, such as soy and mussel adhesive proteins, have been the subject of scientific and commercial interest. Recently, a variety of protein adhesives have been isolated from diverse sources such as insects, frogs and squid ring teeth. Many of these adhesives have similar amino acid compositions to elastomeric proteins such as elastin. Although elastin is widely investigated for a structural biomaterial, little work has been done to assess its adhesive potential. In this study, recombinant elastin-like polypeptides were created to probe the factors affecting adhesion strength. Lap shear adhesion was used to examine the effects of both extrinsic factors (pH, concentration, cross-linker, humidity, cure time and cure temperature) and intrinsic factors (protein sequence, structure and molecular weight). Of the extrinsic factors tested, only humidity, cure time and cure temperature had a significant effect on adhesion strength. As water content was reduced, adhesion strength increased. Of the intrinsic factors tested, amino acid sequence did not significantly affect adhesion strength, but less protein structure and higher molecular weights increased adhesion strength directly. The strengths of proteins in this study (greater than 2 MPa) were comparable to or higher than those of two commercially available protein-based adhesives, hide glue and a fibrin sealant. These results may provide general rules for the design of adhesives from elastomeric proteins.

scholarly journals Facts and Challenges about Asthma and COVID-19 among the Paediatric Population: A Systematic Literature Review

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1306
Author(s):  
Emilia Moreno-Sánchez ◽  
Estefanía Castillo-Viera ◽  
Emilia Vélez-Moreno ◽  
Francisco-Javier Gago-Valiente
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Paediatric Asthma ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
Study Population

A systematic review of the literature was conducted to analyse the factors that affect the probability of the paediatric asthma population suffering from COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2, such as asthma phenotypes, inhaled corticosteroids, and the effects of lockdown. This systematic review was based on PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic search was conducted using BNE, BVS (LILAC), CSIC (IME, ISOC), IBECS, Scielo, Scopus, Medline, and PubMed, using the following search profile: (COVID-19 or 2019-NCOV or SARS-CoV-2 or COV-19) AND asthma AND (children or adolescents or youths or children or teenagers). The results were limited to those articles published between December 2019 and December 2020, selecting only articles published in Spanish, English and French that included the study population (children aged 0–18 years). Among the 1066 results of the bibliographic search and seven articles selected from a manual search, only 19 articles were found to fit our eligibility criteria. Most of the articles highlight the effects of lockdown on the paediatric asthma population, increased therapeutic compliance, and the role of inhaled corticosteroids and intrinsic factors such as ACE2 receptors as causes of the decreased prevalence of COVID-19 among the paediatric asthma population. This population has unique characteristics that serve as protective factors against COVID-19. The safety measures implemented during the lockdown period along with inhaled corticosteroid treatment also contributed to this protection.

scholarly journals Factors influencing English proficiency: An empirical study of Vietnamese students

2021 ◽  
pp. 1779-1786
Author(s):  
Lan Nguyen ◽  
Huyen Nguye ◽  
Thi Thanh Nga Tran ◽  
Minh Quang Le ◽  
Zhang Ziyi
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Learning Language

This study tries to explore how distinctive or not the Vietnamese students are in learning English, thus investigating factors influencing the language proficiency of Vietnamese students. The study suggests the significance of five intrinsic factors related to the students’ characteristics (which are learning purpose, learning ability, learning method, hard-working, and self-awareness) and three extrinsic factors that are related to demographic factors, parental indicators, and schooling-environment in determining the English proficiency of Vietnamese people. Data was collected from online questionnaires sent to more than 2500 students from eight famous universities in Vietnam and converted into an excel version before translated into SPSS and EVIEW. Research results show that intrinsic factors, especially learning methods, play a vital role in shaping Vietnamese students’ capability to learn a second language. From educators’ perspectives, the higher level of English exposure the students are equipped at school, the higher their language proficiency. Finally, we compare the difference in learning language ability among genders and ages. The findings suggest that girls and minorities are less proficient in language than others.

Evaluation of the Effects of Fish Community Structure on Observed Yields of Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush)

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. s239-s248 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. Goddard ◽  
D. H. Loftus ◽  
J. A. MacLean ◽  
C. H. Olver ◽  
B. J. Shuter
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Fish Community Structure ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intrinsic Factors

Creel and lake survey data from 87 Ontario lakes with self-sustaining lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations were analysed to determine the effect of intrinsic factors, such as fish community structure, and extrinsic factors, such as angling-effort, on the observed yields of lake trout. Multiple regression analyses showed that angling-effort and lake area, in order of importance, explained almost 82% of the variation in annual catches. Analyses of covariance were used to test a variety of hypotheses about how community structure — the presence of forage, competitors, or alternate sports species — affected the catch of lake trout. No significant differences among groups were detected, which suggests that fish community structure has little or no effect on actual yield of lake trout. The difficulties inherent in using catch and effort data alone to evaluate the importance of factors affecting productivity (or potential yield) are discussed.

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