Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on Construction Fieldworkers’ Safety Risk Assessments

Construction operations are hazardous, leading to thousands of accidents, injuries, and fatalities annually. Safety risk assessment (SRA) is a key component necessary to respond to hazards effectively. Individuals have different perceptions of the riskiness of construction hazards, and studies have shown that different sociodemographic factors among employees can alter their SRA skills. However, their role in the US construction industry has been understudied, and this analysis investigates this topic further. Following a detailed systematic review of the relevant literature, quantitative data were collected from 181 construction fieldworkers in the United States using images integrated into an interactive questionnaire survey. Responses on the severity and frequency of seven potential accident causes were captured and analyzed. Findings from the literature review revealed six key sociodemographic factors—age, education, training, gender, ethnicity, and work type—that could impact fieldworkers’ SRA. However, a quantitative analysis suggests that only education is a significant influence, and sociodemographic factors had a statistically significant impact on less than five percent of the assessments. Therefore, the present study proposes that future investigation within the SRA domain should complement sociodemographic factors with critical behavioral factors that are rarely discussed, such as cognitive biases, personality traits, and safety behavior. As a foundational study for safety researchers and practitioners, the results provide information on SRA that can help enhance the safety and workforce sustainability of construction companies with a diverse workforce.

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1496-P: Clinical Inertia in Relation to Sociodemographic Factors among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in the United States

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db19-1496-p ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 1496-P

Author(s):

GAIL FERNANDES ◽

BAANIE SAWHNEY ◽

HAKIMA HANNACHI ◽

TONGTONG WANG ◽

ANN MARIE MCNEILL ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

The United States ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Clinical Inertia

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Review on the Clinical Pharmacology of Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate for the Treatment of COVID-19

Current Drug Metabolism ◽

10.2174/1389200221666200610172929 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 427-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cheng Cui ◽

Siqi Tu ◽

Valerie Sia Jie En ◽

Xiaobei Li ◽

Xueting Yao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Interactions ◽

Clinical Efficacy ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

The United States ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Open Label ◽

Infected People ◽

Treatment Regimens ◽

Therapeutic Drugs

Background: As the number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infected people is greatly increasing worldwide, the international medical situation becomes very serious. Potential therapeutic drugs, vaccine and stem cell replacement methods are emerging, so it is urgent to find specific therapeutic drugs and the best treatment regimens. After the publications on hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with anti- SARS-COV-2 activity in vitro, a small, non-randomized, open-label clinical trial showed that HCQ treatment was significantly associated with reduced viral load in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Meanwhile, a large prophylaxis study of HCQ sulfate for COVID-19 has been initiated in the United States. HCQ offered a promising efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19, but the optimal administration is still being explored. Methods: We used the keyword "hydroxychloroquine" to conduct a literature search in PubMed to collect relevant literature on the mechanism of action of HCQ, its clinical efficacy and safety, pharmacokinetic characteristics, precautions for clinical use and drug interactions to extract and organize information. Results: This paper reviews the mechanism, clinical efficacy and safety, pharmacokinetic characteristics, exposureresponse relationship and precautions and drug interactions of HCQ, and summarizes dosage recommendations for HCQ sulfate. Conclusion: It has been proved that HCQ, which has an established safety profile, is effective against SARS-CoV-2 with sufficient pre-clinical rationale and evidence. Data from high-quality clinical trials are urgently needed worldwide.

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The Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676384.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Adult Life ◽

The United States ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Population Based ◽

Health Science ◽

National Study ◽

Integrative Health ◽

Social Structural ◽

Research Population ◽

Psychosocial Influences

This handbook signals a paradigm shift in health research. Population-based disciplines have employed large national samples to examine how sociodemographic factors contour rates of morbidity and mortality. Behavioral and psychosocial disciplines have studied the factors that influence these domains using small, nonrepresentative samples in experimental or longitudinal contexts. Biomedical disciplines, drawing on diverse fields, have examined mechanistic processes implicated in disease outcomes. The collection of chapters in this handbook embraces all such prior approaches and, via targeted questions, illustrates how they can be woven together. Diverse contributions showcase how social structural influences work together with psychosocial influences or experiential factors to impact differing health outcomes, including profiles of biological risk across distinct physiological systems. These varied biopsychosocial advances have grown up around the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) national study of health, begun over 20 years ago and now encompassing over 12,000 Americans followed through time. The overarching principle behind the MIDUS enterprise is that deeper understanding of why some individuals remain healthy and well as they move across the decades of adult life, while others succumb to differing varieties of disease, dysfunction, or disability, requires a commitment to comprehensiveness that attends to the interplay of multiple interacting influences. Put another way, all of the disciplines mentioned have reliably documented influences on health, but in and of themselves, each is inherently limited because it neglects factors known to matter for health outside the discipline’s purview. Integrative health science is the alternative seeking to overcome these limitations.

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The COVID Connection: Pandemic Anxiety, COVID-19 Comprehension, and Digital Confidence

American Behavioral Scientist ◽

10.1177/00027642211003155 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000276422110031

Author(s):

Laura Robinson ◽

Jeremy Schulz ◽

Øyvind N. Wiborg ◽

Elisha Johnston

Keyword(s):

Logistic Models ◽

The United States ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Future Research ◽

Lower Probability ◽

Data Set ◽

Digital Inequality ◽

Partner Status ◽

General Anxiety ◽

Nationally Representative

This article presents logistic models examining how pandemic anxiety and COVID-19 comprehension vary with digital confidence among adults in the United States during the first wave of the pandemic. As we demonstrate statistically with a nationally representative data set, the digitally confident have lower probability of experiencing physical manifestations of pandemic anxiety and higher probability of adequately comprehending critical information on COVID-19. The effects of digital confidence on both pandemic anxiety and COVID-19 comprehension persist, even after a broad range of potentially confounding factors are taken into account, including sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, metropolitan status, and partner status. They also remain discernable after the introduction of general anxiety, as well as income and education. These results offer evidence that the digitally disadvantaged experience greater vulnerability to the secondary effects of the pandemic in the form of increased somatized stress and decreased COVID-19 comprehension. Going forward, future research and policy must make an effort to address digital confidence and digital inequality writ large as crucial factors mediating individuals’ responses to the pandemic and future crises.

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‘Not bullet proof’: The complex choice not to seek a civil protection order for intimate partner violence

International Review of Victimology ◽

10.1177/0269758021993338 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 173-195

Author(s):

Jill Theresa Messing ◽

Meredith E Bagwell-Gray ◽

Allison Ward-Lasher ◽

Alesha Durfee

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Legal System ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Structural Changes ◽

The United States ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Access To Justice ◽

System Resource ◽

Survey Responses ◽

Protection Order

Protection orders (POs) are one legal system resource available to survivors of intimate partner violence. Many survivors choose not to obtain a PO, yet prior research has not examined the perspectives of these survivors. This study examined the open-ended survey responses ( n = 308) regarding the choice not to obtain a PO by survivors residing in emergency shelters in the United States. Content analysis indicated that many survivors made deliberate decisions to not seek safety through this venue. Survivors indicated that a PO may increase their partner’s violence, identified substantial barriers, evaluated a PO as unnecessary, preferred alternative strategies, were dealing with complex partner dynamics, and chose to protect their loved ones by not seeking a PO. Women with marginalized identities, in particular, indicated that there are multiple costs to seeking interventions within the legal system. Structural changes are needed within the legal system to facilitate access to justice for survivors.

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Evaluation of Blood Stool Test Utilization for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Georgia, USA

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9050569 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 569

Author(s):

Benjamin E. Ansa ◽

Nicollette Lewis ◽

Zachary Hoffman ◽

Biplab Datta ◽

J. Aaron Johnson

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Insurance Coverage ◽

The United States ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Early Screening ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

Crc Screening ◽

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽

And Control

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States (USA). Early screening has been demonstrated to improve clinical outcomes for CRC. Assessing patterns in CRC screening utilization is important for guiding policy and implementing programs for CRC prevention and control. This study examines the trends and sociodemographic factors associated with blood stool test utilization (BSTU) for CRC screening in Georgia, USA. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data were analyzed for Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) in BSTU between 1997 and 2014 among adults aged 50+ who have had a blood stool test within the past two years, and logistic regression analysis of the 2016 data was performed to identify the associated sociodemographic factors. In Georgia, an overall decrease was observed in BSTU, from 27.8% in 1997 to 16.1% in 2014 (AAPC = −2.6, p = 0.023). The decrease in BSTU was less pronounced in Georgia than nationally (from 26.1% in 1997 to 12.8% in 2014 (AAPC = −4.5, p < 0.001)). BSTU was significantly associated with black race/ethnicity (Black vs. White (aOR = 1.43, p = 0.015)), older age (≥70 vs. 50–59 (aOR = 1.62, p = 0.006)), having insurance coverage (no vs. yes (aOR = 0.37 p = 0.005)), and lower income (≥USD 50,000 vs. <USD 25,000 (aOR = 0.70 p = 0.050)). These findings reveal a decrease over time in BSTU in Georgia, with existing differences between sociodemographic groups. Understanding these patterns helps in directing tailored programs for promoting CRC screening, especially among disadvantaged populations.

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Medical Record Keeping in the Summer Camp Setting

Applied Clinical Informatics ◽

10.4338/aci-2016-06-ra-0098 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 07 (04) ◽

pp. 1154-1167

Author(s):

Jaycelyn Holland ◽

Stuart Weinberg ◽

S. Rosenbloom ◽

Laura Kaufman

Keyword(s):

Medical Record ◽

Summer Camp ◽

The United States ◽

Summer Camps ◽

Pediatric Care ◽

Health Staff ◽

Health Providers ◽

Health Records ◽

Record Keeping ◽

Survey Responses

Summary Background Approximately one fifth of school-aged children spend a significant portion of their year at residential summer camp, and a growing number have chronic medical conditions. Camp health records are essential for safe, efficient care and for transitions between camp and home providers, yet little research exists regarding these systems. Objective To survey residential summer camps for children to determine how camps create, store, and use camper health records. To raise awareness in the informatics community of the issues experienced by health providers working in a special pediatric care setting. Methods We designed a web-based electronic survey concerning medical recordkeeping and healthcare practices at summer camps. 953 camps accredited by the American Camp Association received the survey. Responses were consolidated and evaluated for trends and conclusions. Results Of 953 camps contacted, 298 (31%) responded to the survey. Among respondents, 49.3% stated that there was no computer available at the health center, and 14.8% of camps stated that there was not any computer available to health staff at all. 41.1% of camps stated that internet access was not available. The most common complaints concerning recordkeeping practices were time burden, adequate completion, and consistency. Conclusions Summer camps in the United States make efforts to appropriately document healthcare given to campers, but inconsistency and inefficiency may be barriers to staff productivity, staff satisfaction, and quality of care. Survey responses suggest that the current methods used by camps to document healthcare cause limitations in consistency, efficiency, and communications between providers, camp staff, and parents. As of 2012, survey respondents articulated need for a standard software to document summer camp healthcare practices that accounts for camp-specific needs. Improvement may be achieved if documentation software offers the networking capability, simplicity, pediatrics-specific features, and avoidance of technical jargon. Citation: Kaufman L, Holland J, Weinberg S, Rosenbloom ST. Medical record keeping in the summer camp setting.

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The influence of prescriber and patient gender on the prescription of benzodiazepines: results from the Florida Medicaid Dataset

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852921000055 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Leanna M. W. Lui ◽

Yena Lee ◽

Orly Lipsitz ◽

Nelson B. Rodrigues ◽

Hartej Gill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Assistance Program ◽

Patient Gender ◽

Prescription Rates ◽

Male Patients ◽

Using Data ◽

Main Effects

Abstract Background Benzodiazepine (BZD) prescription rates have increased over the past decade in the United States. Available literature indicates that sociodemographic factors may influence diagnostic patterns and/or prescription behaviour. Herein, the aim of this study is to determine whether the gender of the prescriber and/or patient influences BZD prescription. Methods Cross-sectional study using data from the Florida Medicaid Managed Medical Assistance Program from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. Eligible recipients ages 18 to 64, inclusive, enrolled in the Florida Medicaid plan for at least 1 day, and were dually eligible. Recipients either had a serious mental illness (SMI), or non-SMI and anxiety. Results Total 125 463 cases were identified (i.e., received BZD or non-BZD prescription). Main effect of patient and prescriber gender was significant F(1, 125 459) = 0.105, P = 0 .745, partial η2 < 0.001. Relative risk (RR) of male prescribers prescribing a BZD compared to female prescribers was 1.540, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [1.513, 1.567], whereas the RR of male patients being prescribed a BZD compared to female patients was 1.16, 95% CI [1.14, 1.18]. Main effects of patient and prescriber gender were statistically significant F(1, 125 459) = 188.232, P < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.001 and F(1, 125 459) = 349.704, P < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.013, respectively. Conclusions Male prescribers are more likely to prescribe BZDs, and male patients are more likely to receive BZDs. Further studies are required to characterize factors that influence this gender-by-gender interaction.

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Influencing Mechanism of Job Satisfaction on Safety Behavior of New Generation of Construction Workers Based on Chinese Context: The Mediating Roles of Work Engagement and Safety Knowledge Sharing

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17228361 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (22) ◽

pp. 8361

Author(s):

Guodong Ni ◽

Yuanyuan Zhu ◽

Ziyao Zhang ◽

Yaning Qiao ◽

Huaikun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Knowledge Sharing ◽

Work Engagement ◽

Construction Workers ◽

Safety Behavior ◽

Construction Companies ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Influencing Mechanism ◽

Safety Knowledge ◽

New Generation

China’s construction industry developed rapidly and safety production has become a vital issue. Improving the safety behavior of construction workers is an important measure to effectively decrease construction safety accidents. At present, a New Generation of Construction Workers (NGCWs) born after 1980 has gradually become the main force of construction companies in China and the special group characteristics coming from the intergenerational difference may make them behave differently in safety-related activities, therefore, it is very important to study how to promote their safety behavior. This paper aimed to explore the influencing mechanism of job satisfaction on the safety behavior of NGCWs and examine the mediating role of safety knowledge sharing and work engagement. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling analysis were applied to test the theoretical model. Empirical research results indicated that job satisfaction can effectively promote safety behavior through safety knowledge sharing and work engagement. Safety knowledge sharing plays a complete mediating role between job satisfaction and safety compliance behavior, as well as between job satisfaction and safety participation behavior. Moreover, work engagement plays a complete mediating role between job satisfaction and safety participation behavior, which can provide valuable management references for China’s construction companies to strengthen their safety behavior.

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Generational differences and implicit leadership schemas in the Philippine workforce

Leadership & Organization Development Journal ◽

10.1108/lodj-08-2018-0314 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Helen C. Salvosa ◽

Maria Regina M. Hechanova

Keyword(s):

Generational Differences ◽

The Political ◽

Generational Cohort ◽

Implicit Leadership ◽

Content Type ◽

Diverse Workforce ◽

Technology Generation ◽

Generation Cohorts ◽

Cohort Theory ◽

Survey Responses

PurposeThis study examined generational differences in traits and desired schemas of leaders among Filipino workers using the lens of the generational cohort theory.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilized a sequential exploratory mixed-method approach. Phase One of the study utilized a qualitative approach in eliciting perceived characteristics and leadership schemas. Phase Two utilized a quantitative approach utilizing a survey to test generational differences.FindingsCluster analysis of survey responses of 341 Filipino workers showed two generation cohorts – the political and technological generation. Respondents from the political generation characterized themselves as being work-centered, family-oriented, traditional, seasoned, decisive and multi-tasking. The political generation also believes that an ideal leader is someone who cares about people's welfare, delegates, and is able to control others. On the other hand, the technology generation described themselves as being tech-savvy, carefree, laid-back, proud, individualistic, self-centered, arrogant, energetic and adventurous. The technological generation views an ideal leader as someone who is responsible, provides clear instructions, listens, and recognizes people.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focuses on Filipino workers and more studies in other countries are needed to establish generational differences in schemas.Practical implicationsThe results have implications on the way that leaders are selected and developed especially in an increasingly diverse workforce.Social implicationsThe results highlight the role of political, sociocultural events and technological trends that shape the traits and schemas of workers.Originality/valueThe study contributes to both generational studies as well as implicit leadership literature. The study highlights the value of examining the intersection of both culture and generation in the context of leadership.

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