Generational differences and implicit leadership schemas in the Philippine workforce

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen C. Salvosa ◽  
Maria Regina M. Hechanova
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
The Political ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Implicit Leadership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Diverse Workforce ◽  
Technology Generation ◽  
Generation Cohorts ◽  
Cohort Theory ◽  
Survey Responses

PurposeThis study examined generational differences in traits and desired schemas of leaders among Filipino workers using the lens of the generational cohort theory.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilized a sequential exploratory mixed-method approach. Phase One of the study utilized a qualitative approach in eliciting perceived characteristics and leadership schemas. Phase Two utilized a quantitative approach utilizing a survey to test generational differences.FindingsCluster analysis of survey responses of 341 Filipino workers showed two generation cohorts – the political and technological generation. Respondents from the political generation characterized themselves as being work-centered, family-oriented, traditional, seasoned, decisive and multi-tasking. The political generation also believes that an ideal leader is someone who cares about people's welfare, delegates, and is able to control others. On the other hand, the technology generation described themselves as being tech-savvy, carefree, laid-back, proud, individualistic, self-centered, arrogant, energetic and adventurous. The technological generation views an ideal leader as someone who is responsible, provides clear instructions, listens, and recognizes people.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focuses on Filipino workers and more studies in other countries are needed to establish generational differences in schemas.Practical implicationsThe results have implications on the way that leaders are selected and developed especially in an increasingly diverse workforce.Social implicationsThe results highlight the role of political, sociocultural events and technological trends that shape the traits and schemas of workers.Originality/valueThe study contributes to both generational studies as well as implicit leadership literature. The study highlights the value of examining the intersection of both culture and generation in the context of leadership.

scholarly journals GENERATION Y AND GENERATION Z EMPLOYMENT EXPECTATIONS: A GENERATIONAL COHORT COMPARATIVE STUDY FROM TWO COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-109
Author(s):  
Dana Egerová ◽  
Lenka Komárková ◽  
Jiří Kutlák
Keyword(s):  
Generation Y ◽  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Cohort Theory

Generational differences in work values and workplace expectations have become a widely discussed research and intervention topic in recent years. However, little is known about Generation Z, who are now entering the labour market, and this presents challenges to both researchers and companies. Therefore, the primary purpose of the present study is to extend generation research by examining generational cohort differences in workplace expectations, specifically between Generation Z and the previous closest generation, Generation Y. The study is also intended to add to the limited empirical evidence of the workplace expectations of the most recent Generation Z. The theoretical framework guiding this study includes generational cohort theory and anticipatory psychological contract dimensions: job content, career development, social atmosphere, the fairness of organisational policies and rewards. The study was based on an online questionnaire survey. Data was collected from a sample of 1,000 respondents for the Czech Republic and 600 for the Slovak Republic including Generations Y and Z in the ratio 1:1. The generational differences in the workplace expectations, controlling the effects of gender and country, were investigated using multiple linear regression. The overall findings of the study indicate that both generations are more similar than different regarding their future employment expectations. We also find that those preferences may be more heterogeneous within a homogeneous group than across generational cohorts. The findings specifically indicate that some characteristics, such as geographical environment, professional experience and gender may shape employment expectations more than generational difference. The study suggests that companies also need to appreciate heterogeneity within a homogeneous generational group instead of treating current or prospective potential employees simply as members of one generation. The directions of future research, as well as the limitations of the study, are discussed.

Generational differences in technology behaviour: comparing millennials and Generation X

Kybernetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 2755-2772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Calvo-Porral ◽  
Rogelio Pesqueira-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Generational Group ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose There are differences in the motivations underlying technology behaviour in each generational group; and there may be variances in the way each generational group uses and gets engaged with technology. In this context, this study aims to address the following questions: “Does generational cohort influence technology behaviour?” and if so: “What are the main motivations underlying Millennials and Generation X technology behaviour?”. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, based on the uses and gratifications theory this study examines technology behaviour through multi-group structural equation modelling, drawing on a sample of 707 millennials and 276 Generation X individuals Findings Research findings indicate that millennials mostly use and get engaged with technologies for entertainment and hedonic purposes; while Generation X individuals are mainly driven by utilitarian purposes and information search. Further, research findings indicate the moderating role of generational cohort in the use of technologies. Originality/value This study provides empirical evidence of the main differences and motivations differences driving technology behaviour of millennials and Generation X individuals.

Generational cohort theory and wine: analyzing how gen Z differs from other American wine consuming generations

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Thach ◽  
Sam Riewe ◽  
Angelo Camillo
Keyword(s):  
World Population ◽  
Sparkling Wine ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Wine Market ◽  
Cohort Theory

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the wine consumption preferences and behavior of Gen Z wine consumers in the USA and to determine if and how Gen Z differ from other major generational cohorts in the USA. This study applies the concepts of generational cohort theory to the US wine market to examine similarities and differences between age cohorts and their potential impact on future wine sales. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative survey was conducted with a quota sample of 1,136 US wine consumers located in all 50 states. Data analysis included one-way ANOVA analysis to test the null hypothesis that the generational cohort means are equal. If the test detected at least one mean difference across cohorts, then pairwise comparisons were performed to identify, which groups differed. The Tukey–Kramer method was used for all post hoc tests. Basic descriptive statistics were also calculated. Findings The results show some parallels in terms of similar consumption levels and a higher preference for red wine across all cohorts. However, on the majority of other common wine consumer research topics, Gen Z shows significant differences. Of specific interest, Gen Z consumers report higher levels of preference for sparkling wine than other cohorts; prefers to drink in social situations; are much more interested in labels and package; make decisions based on varietal and alcohol level and are much more engaged on Instagram and Snapchat social media platforms – all pointed to new marketing tactics needed to reach this new consumer segment. Originality/value This is the first empirical wine research study to explore the wine preferences and behaviors of Gen Z in the US market. This is valuable because Gen Z is a very large population of consumers, comprising 32% of the world population (Miller and Wei, 2018) and already represent more than $143bn in buying power (Dill, 2015). They are expected to have a huge impact on consumer products, not only in the USA but also on a global basis. Given that the USA is currently the largest wine market in the world in both volume and value (Wine Institute, 2019; VinExpo, 2018), it is important that research is conducted on this new and powerful generation.

Millennials and Generation Z: a generational cohort analysis of Indian consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Packiaraj Thangavel ◽  
Pramod Pathak ◽  
Bibhas Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Decision Styles

PurposeYoung consumers are recognized as an important and lucrative segment for the businesses across the globe. While initial steps have been taken to understand them, majority of the existing works consider both Millennials and Generation Z as a single and homogeneous market segment. The purpose of this study is to explore the consumer decision-making styles which are prevalent among Indian Millennials and Generation Z e-shoppers, and how significantly they differ from one another on each of those decision-making attributes.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory study used the generational cohort theory (GCT) as a framework. The psychographic statements (Questionnaire items) employed were adopted from several past researches on store orientation and catalog orientation, and they were rephrased to suit to the context of Indian online shopping. The principal components factor analysis with promax rotation has been used to unearth the underlying decision-styles among 503 survey participants. Subsequently, the ANOVA model was run to examine the mean differences between the cohorts.FindingsThe factor analysis has revealed that frugality (Price), convenience (Home) and social desirableness are the most dominant shopping orientations (decision-styles) that prevail among Indian (Millennials and Generation Z) online shoppers though in varying degrees. The probing of ANOVA results suggested that, though both the cohorts favor e-shopping, Generation Z are more enthusiastic about online shopping than their Millennial counterparts do.Practical implicationsThough Generation Z and Millennials share few characteristics between them, they exhibit different consumer behaviors. Marketers need to customize their value offerings and marketing communications that resonate well with each generational cohort.Originality/valueAlmost all the existing research works that have been conducted so far on generational cohorts are from Western and European countries and one could confidently say that those findings cannot be applied for the developing nations such as India which is a complex and diverse country in terms of its language, custom, religion and practices with troublesome pasts. Moreover, this is the first empirical work to be conducted to unearth the generational differences that exist between Generation Z and Millennials to the best of authors' knowledge.

Baby Boomers

The Forum ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael X. Delli Carpini
Keyword(s):  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
The Political ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Us History ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
The Times ◽  
Election Studies

AbstractBorn between 1946 and 1964, “baby boomers” represent the largest 20-year age cohort in US history and still account for over 30% of the adult population. Drawing on over half a century of survey data from the American National Election Studies I explore the political legacy of this generational cohort as measured by 16 indicators of political engagement. The results suggest that while evidence of lasting generational differences in political attitudes and behaviors between boomers and those who preceded or followed them exist, they are generally small to modest, with variation over time driven more by the times in which people live than the times in which they were socialized.

Actual Versus Perceived Generational Differences at Work

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Lester ◽  
Rhetta L. Standifer ◽  
Nicole J. Schultz ◽  
James M. Windsor
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Generation Y ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Generational Cohorts ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Theoretical Underpinning ◽  
Generational Diversity ◽  
Value Differences ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Cohort Theory

As the amount of generational diversity increases among today’s workforce, a common topic of conversation is how to handle differences between generational cohorts. But to what extent do generations believe they are different and to what extent are generations actually different? This study examines this question. Using generational cohort theory as a theoretical underpinning, this study considers 15 work-related concepts and the degree to which workers personally value them. Subjects also provide their perceptions of how much they believe Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y value these items. Results reveal the differences subjects perceive among the generations significantly outnumber the actual value differences individuals reported. The authors discuss both actual and perceptual differences in detail and theorize why the nature of these actual differences may lead to generational misconceptions. By doing so, this study provides a meaningful contribution to the discussion of generational diversity and its impact on the workplace.

Emerging from my youth – intra-cohort segmentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Pentecost ◽  
Suné Donoghue ◽  
Park Thaichon
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Cohort Theory ◽  
Research Assistants ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Purpose Using the millennial cohort the purpose of this paper is to assess differences in shopping mall behaviour between three intra-cohorts groups: adolescents (13–17), emerging adults (18–23) and young adults (24–30+). Design/methodology/approach Using a self-administered questionnaire, respondents were recruited through random customer intercepts at a major shopping mall in a capital city in Australia using a team of trained research assistants. After initial descriptive between group examinations, discriminant analysis was applied to verify group membership. Findings Results show significant differences between groups. Attitudes based upon mall attributes varied significantly, along with expenditure and other behaviour. The study provides evidence of transitional differences within a generational cohort as mall consumers mature. Research limitations/implications It serves as a focus for researchers to more actively consider intra-cohort segmentation relating to other generational cohorts. Practical implications Findings show that emerging adults to be moving away from attending the mall, which means, this group may be lost if retailers are not more proactive in attracting them or at least maintaining them. Coupling this with the group’s transition towards young adulthood, and the fact that these young adults are less likely to go to the mall there is a degree of urgency to develop strategies to keep this transition group engaged if financially feasible. Originality/value This research is important to ongoing theoretical perspectives of cohort theory and life cycle positions through its application to a more nuanced examination of the millennials cohort.

scholarly journals Tell me your age and I tell you what you trust: the moderating effect of generations

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Herrando ◽  
Julio Jimenez-Martinez ◽  
M.J. Martin-De Hoyos
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Generational Cohorts ◽  
Social Commerce ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Information User ◽  
Cohort Theory ◽  
The Way

Purpose The proliferation of social commerce websites has allowed consumers to share and exchange information, experiences, advice and opinions. Recently, information provided by users has been considered more trustworthy than the information shared by companies. However, the way in which users interact with technology can vary with age, and generational cohorts show different shopping behaviors, interests and attitudes. Hence, the way users process information (user-generated vs company-generated) can affect trust differently. Drawing on the trust transfer theory and the generational cohort theory, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects on user- and company-generated information in boosting trust of three different cohorts (Generation X, Y and Z). Design/methodology/approach The data were collected through an online survey. The sample comprised 715 users of social commerce websites, aged between 16 and 55 years old. The study was analyzed using partial least squares with the statistical software Smart PLS 3. Findings The empirical results show that generational cohorts show different patterns. Generation X transfers trust to social commerce websites mainly from trust in information generated by companies, while Generation Z transfers trust mainly from information generated by users. Finally, Generation Y, in contrast to previous findings about millennials, develops trust based on company-generated information to an even greater extent than does Generation X. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in its analysis of generational differences when it comes to trusting one type of information over another. This study contributes to the idea that users cannot be considered as a whole but must be segmented into generational cohorts.

Considering heterogeneity within assumed homogenous generational cohorts

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernie Stark ◽  
Paul Poppler
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Generational Cohorts ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This study aims to address demographic variables believed likely to restrain or modify homogeneous attitudes and values purported as inherent in each generational cohort and associated with divergence of workplace preferences and expectations. Design/methodology/approach Using a subsample of data collected from a larger study conducted as part of the General Social Survey and supported by the National Science Foundation, this study contributes to the emerging generational differences in literature by using Kruskal–Wallis tests in the analysis of five generational research questions. Findings In one sense, the results of this study appear to reflect the mixed and confusing disarray of evidence regarding the influence of generational differences on job preferences and workplace behaviors. On only two of the five job characteristics in this study did generational cohort membership demonstrate beyond random chance divergence in generational preference. However, the analysis of the interaction of cohort membership and demographic covariates on these two job characteristics points toward merit in further examination of relationship of subgroup differences relative to overarching assumptions about generational attitudes and norms of behavior. Research limitations/implications A number of limitations to the interpretation of this study merit reflection. First, given that the data for this study were cross-sectional in nature, the relationships in our study may be subject to temporal change. Second, the data were secured by self-report and is subject to all the limitations of self-reported data. Third, some of the demographic variables in this study were the result of aggregation in an attempt to secure adequate observations in each cell, and as such, important variance may have been concealed. Fourth, the study did not control for the confounding influence of age difference on cohort preferences. Practical implications In a rush to adapt and develop different approaches to human resource management in hope of meeting the needs of successive generational cohorts, it behooves scholars and practitioners alike to acknowledge the confused state of research on generational cohorts and to question the assumed monolithic model of generational cohort job-related likes and dislikes. Social implications This study would suggest that the assumed homogeneity of generational values and attitudes and their influence on the US workplace frequently fails to consider the heterogeneity evolving from the rural/urban characteristics where cohort members experienced adolescence. Originality/value Scholars will appreciate the broad perspective presented in this study and the potential new avenues for research. For practitioners, the study provides valuable insights into the three dominant generational cohorts currently in the workplace, thus enabling practitioners to understand the underpinnings of performance and work climate with greater depth and breadth of perspective.

Thirty years and “I'm still Lovin’ it!”: brand perceptions of McDonald's among generation Y and generation Z consumers in China

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Zhang ◽  
Frank J. Mulhern ◽  
Yingying Wu ◽  
Margaret Xu ◽  
Wenqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Brand Personality ◽  
Generational Cohorts ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Cohort Theory ◽  
Brand Perception

PurposeRecognizing the differences between generations Y and Z, this exploratory study uses generational cohort theory as a framework to examine the brand perception of McDonald's, an international brand which has grown up with consumers for over 30 years in China. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachMeasures of brand perception was built based on Aaker's brand personality model. A total 1,103 valid questionnaires were collected through an online survey platform. Factor analysis is the primary method to analysis the data.FindingsThe findings of this study reveal a favourable brand perception of McDonald's among young Chinese consumers which is consistent with Aaker's brand personality model and support the use of generational cohort theory as a market segmentation tool for brand perception. The differences between the two generational cohorts are not shown to be significant.Originality/valueThe most important contribution of this study is the evaluation of the personality of a major brand in China for Gen Z, a topic with very little existing research. Also, this research suggests future in-depth research into generational cohort theory in a Chinese context by recognizing homogeneity and heterogeneity exist simultaneously between generational cohorts.

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