scholarly journals Biochar-Assisted Phytostabilization for Potentially Toxic Element Immobilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Maja Radziemska ◽  
Zygmunt Mariusz Gusiatin ◽  
Zbigniew Mazur ◽  
Tereza Hammerschmiedt ◽  
Agnieszka Bęś ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

In response to the growing threat to the quality of the soil environment, new technologies are being developed to protect and remediate contaminated sites. A new approach, namely, assisted phytostabilization, has been used in areas contaminated with high levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), using various soil additives. This paper determined the effectiveness of biochar-assisted phytostabilization using Dactylis glomerata L. of soil contaminated with high concentrations of the selected PTEs (in mg/kg soil): Cu (780 ± 144), Cd (25.9 ± 2.5), Pb (13,540 ± 669) and Zn (8433 ± 1376). The content of the selected PTEs in the roots and above-ground parts of the tested grass, and in the soil, was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The addition of biochar to the contaminated soil led to an increase in plant biomass and caused an increase in soil pH values. Concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn were higher in the roots than in the above-ground parts of Dactylis glomerata L. The application of biochar significantly reduced the total content of PTEs in the soil after finishing the phytostabilization experiment, as well as reducing the content of bioavailable forms extracted from the soil using CaCl2 solution, which was clearly visible with respect to Cd and Pb. It is concluded that the use of biochar in supporting the processes of assisted phytostabilization of soils contaminated with PTEs is justified.

RESPONSE OF ORCHARD GRASS TO MULTIPLE HARVESTS AND RATES OF NITROGEN IN POST-SEEDING YEARS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-770
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
MICHIO SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Total N ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
N Rates

Frode orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was fertilized with 99–495 kg N/ha/yr in three equal applications and harvested three or four times per season over a 3-yr period to determine the productivity, quality of forage and persistence of stands. The application of N resulted in significant (P =.001) linear and quadratic increases in dry matter (DM) yields. Higher DM yields were obtained with the 3-harvest system while the yield distribution within the season was more uniform for the 4-harvest system. Total N concentrations of orchard grass increased linearly with the N rates. Total N yields were dependent on the rates of applied N with the recovery of applied N ranging from 39 to 70% at 99–297 kg N/ha/yr, respectively. The in vitro disappearance of DM was slightly reduced by the high N rates in the 1st and 2nd harvests. The nitrate-N concentrations were highest in the early and late summer ranging from.11 to.29% at 297–495 kg N/ha/yr, respectively. The persistence of orchard grass was better under the 4- than the 3- harvest system.

scholarly journals Discrimination and risk assessment due to the volatile compounds and the inorganic elements present in the Greek marc distillates Tsipouro and Tsikoudia

OENO One ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos H. Soufleros ◽  
Pantelis Natskoulis ◽  
Angeliki S. Mygdalia
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Geographic Indications ◽  
High Concentrations

<p style="text-align: justify;">Tsipouro and Tsikoudia are two denominations with geographic indications of the traditional Greek marc distillate, which is produced in continental Greece and in the island of Crete respectively. It is produced by the Greek winegrowers as well as by the professional distillers. To provide data on the safety of domestic Tsipouro and Tsikoudia distillates for human consumption and to draw conclusions from any essential results, which might have an impact on the quality of this product, 23 samples were analysed for: (a) Volatile compounds by the use of gas chromatography, (b) Inorganic elements, using atomic absorption spectrometry and (c) the pH values through-out using standard methods. Data revealed differences between these two denominations, which have been confirmed by the application of a statistic analysis and a PCA. Thus, Tsikoudia was found to contain statistically higher amounts of acetalde-hyde. However, the levels that have been observed did not exceed the official limits. Most of the Tsipouro and Tsikoudia samples also contained low concentrations of estragol, an anise compound, lead and copper, which do not represent a risk to consumer health due to their toxicity. On the other hand, the total concentration of higher alcohols was higher than the official minimum limit (140 g.hl<sup>-1</sup> Absolute Alcohol-AA), while the amylic alcohols rarely exceeded 300 g.hl<sup>-1</sup> AA. The high concentrations of ethyl acetate (&gt;300 g.hl<sup>-1</sup> AA) and ethyl lactate in a few samples showed the necessity of limiting unwanted fermentations in the grape pomace. The analytical study showed that the quality of the marc distillate is, generally, satisfactory. However, it revealed great differences between Tsipouro and Tsikoudia even among the samples of each denomination and, con-sequently, these domestic distillates need standardization and a more systematic production.</p>

SEEDING YEAR YIELDS AND QUALITY OF ORCHARD GRASS AS INFLUENCED BY N RATES AND HARVEST SYSTEMS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-431
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
MICHIO SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Total N ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
N Rates

Frode orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was seeded at 20 kg/ha without a companion crop in 1971 and 1972. Nitrogen was applied at 37–185 kg/ha at seeding and after the first harvest, and the stands were subjected to three harvest systems. Total dry matter (DM) yields increased up to 74 kg N/ha/application. Systems with the latest first harvest and longest regrowth intervals produced highest DM yields. Early seeding was important for the production of high DM yields. Late fall harvest in October resulted in poor winter survival. The total N concentrations of orchard grass ranged from 2.58 to 4.40%, with small or no increases beyond 111 kg N/ha/application. In vitro disappearance of DM was not affected by N rates but varied from 60.7 to 69.8% with the highest readings for the early or short regrowth interval harvests. Nitrate-N concentrations of orchard grass were < 0.15% at 37 kg N/ha/application. At or above 74 kg N/ha/application, nitrate-N usually exceeded 0.15% level which might be potentially toxic to livestock consuming the forage.

Changes in the physiology and feed quality of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) during regrowth

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Rawnsley ◽  
D. J. Donaghy ◽  
W. J. Fulkerson ◽  
P. A. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

scholarly journals Recycling of Blast Furnace and Coal Slags in Aided Phytostabilisation of Soils Highly Polluted with Heavy Metals

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4300
Author(s):  
Maja Radziemska ◽  
Justyna Dzięcioł ◽  
Zygmunt M. Gusiatin ◽  
Agnieszka Bęś ◽  
Wojciech Sas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Post Industrial

(1) Background: The growing demand for developing new methods of degraded land remediation is linked to the need to improve the soil environment, including post-industrial soils. Biological methods such as the aided phytostabilisation technique are the most common methods applied to achieve effective remediation. This study aimed to determine the technical potential of methods using novel or yet not used soil amendments, such as blast furnace slag (BFS) and coal slag (CS), with Dactylis glomerata L. as a test plant. (2) Methods: The experiment was conducted on post-industrial area soil with high concentrations of Cu (761 mg/kg), Cd (23.9 mg/kg), Pb (13,539 mg/kg) and Zn (8683 mg/kg). The heavy metal content in roots and the above-ground parts of plants and soil was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. (3) Results: The addition of BFS to the soil was the most effective in increasing Dactylis glomerata L. biomass yield. The Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations were higher in the roots than in the above-ground parts of the plants. BFS and CS induced a considerable increase in soil pH, compared to the control treatment. The addition of BFS also produced the greatest significant decrease in the Pb content in soil following the phytostabilisation process. (4) Conclusions: In view of the above, the use of BFS in the aided phytostabilisation in soils contaminated with high levels of Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn can be recommended for larger-scale in situ projects.

scholarly journals Quality of Groundwater in Western Thessaly the Problem of Nitrate Pollution

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Level

The results of a research study about the groundwater quality in western Thessaly, that took place during the period 2001-2002, are presented in this paper. The study included two samplings during May and August of 2002. In May the water table is at high level while at the end of the summer the level of the water table is as low as it can be. Fourteen sampling stations were selected and the samples were received from deep wells. In addition to nitrogen compounds, several other chemical parameters were measured. UV-Vis Spectrometry, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Emission Spectrometry were used for the chemical analyses. The groundwater of region Farsala has been found to contain very high nitrate concentrations and also high concentrations of calcium, nitrite and bicarbonates. The increased nitrate level in groundwater is a major problem, caused by the fertilizers that are used in most areas with intensive agriculture like Thessaly. The concentrations of heavy metals were very low. The ionic ratios of major cations indicate that the groundwater originates mostly from calcareous aquifers and there is a constant water flow. The classification according to conductivity, chloride concentration and degree of alkalinity characterizes the groundwater as water of medium quality that can be used for irrigation at soils with good conditions of leaching.

scholarly journals Determination of the Elements Composition in Sempervivum tectorum L. from Bulgaria

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Galia Gentscheva ◽  
Irina Karadjova ◽  
Poli Radusheva ◽  
Stefka Minkova ◽  
Krastena Nikolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
High Concentrations

Sempervivum tectorum L. is an evergreen plant with fleshy blue-green leaves forming a rosette. The plant is well-known in alternative medicine and has been used for thousands of years. Traditionally for medicinal purposes, the plant is used as a juice obtained by simple squeezing of fresh plants leaves. The total content of Ca, K, Na, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Al, V, Cr, Ni, Mo, Ba, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, and Tl in plant leaves of Sempervivum tectorum L. sampled from different habitats in Bulgaria was determined after microwave digestion and measurements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Furthermore, the bioavailable fraction of essential elements Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn was defined after extraction with a hydrochloric acid solution, mimicking stomach juice. The total element content showed a high bioavailability of essential human health elements, such as Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn. Additionally, essential and toxic elements concentrations were quantified in a fresh juice, obtained by squeezing from plant leaves, as most frequently used in folk medicine. The results obtained demonstrated high concentrations of K, Mg, Ca, Zn, and Cu, which could be accepted as an explanation and a further confirmation of the anti-inflammatory action of this plant.

scholarly journals Can the Application of Municipal Sewage Sludge Compost in the Aided Phytostabilization Technique Provide an Effective Waste Management Method?

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1984
Author(s):  
Maja Radziemska ◽  
Zygmunt M. Gusiatin ◽  
Agnieszka Bęś ◽  
Justyna Czajkowska ◽  
Zbigniew Mazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Atomic Spectrometry ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Spectrometry Method ◽  
Management Method ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

(1) Background: sewage sludge is a by-product of wastewater treatment, which needs to be managed appropriately, e.g., in composting processes. The application of municipal sewage sludge composts (MSSCs) as a soil amendment is a potential way to effectively manage sewage sludge. (2) Methods: this paper presents the results of a vegetation pot experiment undertaken to assess the suitability of Dactylis glomerata L. and MSSC in the aided phytostabilization technique when applied on soils from an area effected by industrial pressure; this is characterized by high levels of heavy metal (HM). The contents of HMs in the test plant (the roots and above-ground parts), as well as in the soil and MSSC, were determined via an atomic spectrometry method. (3) Results: the application of MSSC positively contributed to an increased production of plant biomass and an increase in the pH in the soil. Concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cr were higher in the roots than in the above-ground parts of Dactylis glomerata L. The addition of MSSC contributed most significantly to the considerable reduction in Ni, Pb, and Zn contents in the soil after the experiment. (4) Conclusions: MSSC can support the phytostabilization of soils contaminated with high levels of HMs.

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