scholarly journals Gas of Baby Universes in JT Gravity and Matrix Models

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 975
Author(s):  
Irina Aref’eva ◽  
Igor Volovich
Keyword(s):  
Riemann Surfaces ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Partition Functions ◽  
Exponential Potential ◽  
Generating Functional ◽  
Matrix Integral ◽  
Arbitrary Genus ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Genus Expansion ◽  
Baby Universes

It has been shown recently by Saad, Shenker and Stanford that the genus expansion of a certain matrix integral generates partition functions of Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) quantum gravity on Riemann surfaces of arbitrary genus with any fixed number of boundaries. We use an extension of this integral for studying gas of baby universes or wormholes in JT gravity. To investigate the gas nonperturbatively we explore the generating functional of baby universes in the matrix model. The simple particular case when the matrix integral includes the exponential potential is discussed in some detail. We argue that there is a phase transition in the gas of baby universes.

TOPOLOGICAL σ MODELS AND LARGE N MATRIX INTEGRAL

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (29) ◽  
pp. 4203-4224 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOHRU EGUCHI ◽  
KENTARO HORI ◽  
SUNG-KIL YANG
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Model ◽  
Riemann Surfaces ◽  
Holomorphic Maps ◽  
Integrable Structure ◽  
Toda Hierarchy ◽  
Matrix Integral ◽  
Large N ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Lax Operator ◽  
The One

In this paper we describe in some detail the representation of the topological CP1 model in terms of a matrix integral which we have introduced in a previous article. We first discuss the integrable structure of the CP1 model and show that it is governed by an extension of the one-dimensional Toda hierarchy. We then introduce a matrix model which reproduces the sum over holomorphic maps from arbitrary Riemann surfaces onto CP1. We compute intersection numbers on the moduli space of curves using a geometrical method and show that the results agree with those predicted by the matrix model. We also develop a Landau-Ginzburg (LG) description of the CP1 model using a superpotential eX + et0,Q e-X given by the Lax operator of the Toda hierarchy (X is the LG field and t0,Q is the coupling constant of the Kähler class). The form of the superpotential indicates the close connection between CP1 and N=2 supersymmetric sine-Gordon theory which was noted sometime ago by several authors. We also discuss possible generalizations of our construction to other manifolds and present an LG formulation of the topological CP2 model.

scholarly journals Partition functions of Chern-Simons theory on handlebodies by radial quantization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Porrati ◽  
Cedric Yu
Keyword(s):  
Partition Function ◽  
Riemann Surfaces ◽  
Wilson Loop ◽  
Transition Amplitude ◽  
Simons Theory ◽  
Partition Functions ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Gauge Groups ◽  
Arbitrary Genus ◽  
Chern Simons

Abstract We use radial quantization to compute Chern-Simons partition functions on handlebodies of arbitrary genus. The partition function is given by a particular transition amplitude between two states which are defined on the Riemann surfaces that define the (singular) foliation of the handlebody. The final state is a coherent state while on the initial state the holonomy operator has zero eigenvalue. The latter choice encodes the constraint that the gauge fields must be regular everywhere inside the handlebody. By requiring that the only singularities of the gauge field inside the handlebody must be compatible with Wilson loop insertions, we find that the Wilson loop shifts the holonomy of the initial state. Together with an appropriate choice of normalization, this procedure selects a unique state in the Hilbert space obtained from a Kähler quantization of the theory on the constant-radius Riemann surfaces. Radial quantization allows us to find the partition functions of Abelian Chern-Simons theories for handlebodies of arbitrary genus. For non-Abelian compact gauge groups, we show that our method reproduces the known partition function at genus one.

scholarly journals The semiclassical gravitational path integral and random matrices (toward a microscopic picture of a dS2 universe)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionysios Anninos ◽  
Beatrix Mühlmann
Keyword(s):  
Path Integral ◽  
Riemann Surfaces ◽  
Semiclassical Limit ◽  
Scaling Limit ◽  
Minimal Models ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Polynomial Potential ◽  
Matrix Integral ◽  
Microscopic Picture ◽  
Genus Expansion

Abstract We study the genus expansion on compact Riemann surfaces of the gravitational path integral $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_{\mathrm{grav}}^{(m)} $$ Z grav m in two spacetime dimensions with cosmological constant Λ > 0 coupled to one of the non-unitary minimal models ℳ2m − 1, 2. In the semiclassical limit, corresponding to large m, $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_{\mathrm{grav}}^{(m)} $$ Z grav m admits a Euclidean saddle for genus h ≥ 2. Upon fixing the area of the metric, the path integral admits a round two-sphere saddle for h = 0. We show that the OPE coefficients for the minimal weight operators of ℳ2m − 1, 2 grow exponentially in m at large m. Employing the sewing formula, we use these OPE coefficients to obtain the large m limit of the partition function of ℳ2m − 1, 2 for genus h ≥ 2. Combining these results we arrive at a semiclassical expression for $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_{\mathrm{grav}}^{(m)} $$ Z grav m . Conjecturally, $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_{\mathrm{grav}}^{(m)} $$ Z grav m admits a completion in terms of an integral over large random Hermitian matrices, known as a multicritical matrix integral. This matrix integral is built from an even polynomial potential of order 2m. We obtain explicit expressions for the large m genus expansion of multicritical matrix integrals in the double scaling limit. We compute invariant quantities involving contributions at different genera, both from a matrix as well as a gravity perspective, and establish a link between the two pictures. Inspired by the proposal of Gibbons and Hawking relating the de Sitter entropy to a gravitational path integral, our setup paves a possible path toward a microscopic picture of a two-dimensional de Sitter universe.

Tadpole operator for minimal models on arbitrary genus Riemann surfaces

1990 ◽  
Vol 237 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cristofano ◽  
G. Maiella ◽  
R. Musto ◽  
F. Nicodemi
Keyword(s):  
Riemann Surfaces ◽  
Minimal Models ◽  
Arbitrary Genus

A COMPACT BOSON COUPLED TO TWO-DIMENSIONAL GRAVITY

1991 ◽  
Vol 06 (15) ◽  
pp. 2743-2754 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORISUKE SAKAI ◽  
YOSHIAKI TANII
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Partition Function ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Matrix Models ◽  
Riemann Surfaces ◽  
Partition Functions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Gravity ◽  
The Continuum ◽  
Continuum Field

The radius dependence of partition functions is explicitly evaluated in the continuum field theory of a compactified boson, interacting with two-dimensional quantum gravity (noncritical string) on Riemann surfaces for the first few genera. The partition function for the torus is found to be a sum of terms proportional to R and 1/R. This is in agreement with the result of a discretized version (matrix models), but is quite different from the critical string. The supersymmetric case is also explicitly evaluated.

scholarly journals Schiffer Comparison Operators and Approximations on Riemann Surfaces Bordered by Quasicircles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Schippers ◽  
Mohammad Shirazi ◽  
Wolfgang Staubach
Keyword(s):  
Riemann Surface ◽  
Bergman Space ◽  
Riemann Surfaces ◽  
Compact Riemann Surface ◽  
Dirichlet Space ◽  
Holomorphic Functions ◽  
Finite Collection ◽  
Approximation Theorems ◽  
Arbitrary Genus ◽  
Simply Connected

Abstract We consider a compact Riemann surface R of arbitrary genus, with a finite number of non-overlapping quasicircles, which separate R into two subsets: a connected Riemann surface $$\Sigma $$ Σ , and the union $$\mathcal {O}$$ O of a finite collection of simply connected regions. We prove that the Schiffer integral operator mapping the Bergman space of anti-holomorphic one-forms on $$\mathcal {O}$$ O to the Bergman space of holomorphic forms on $$\Sigma $$ Σ is an isomorphism onto the exact one-forms, when restricted to the orthogonal complement of the set of forms on all of R. We then apply this to prove versions of the Plemelj–Sokhotski isomorphism and jump decomposition for such a configuration. Finally we obtain some approximation theorems for the Bergman space of one-forms and Dirichlet space of holomorphic functions on $$\Sigma $$ Σ by elements of Bergman space and Dirichlet space on fixed regions in R containing $$\Sigma $$ Σ .

scholarly journals Exact results and Schur expansions in quiver Chern-Simons-matter theories

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Santilli ◽  
Miguel Tierz
Keyword(s):  
Simons Theory ◽  
Partition Functions ◽  
Wilson Loops ◽  
Model Formulation ◽  
Schur Polynomials ◽  
Three Sphere ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Chern Simons ◽  
Chern Simons Theory

Abstract We study several quiver Chern-Simons-matter theories on the three-sphere, combining the matrix model formulation with a systematic use of Mordell’s integral, computing partition functions and checking dualities. We also consider Wilson loops in ABJ(M) theories, distinguishing between typical (long) and atypical (short) representations and focusing on the former. Using the Berele-Regev factorization of supersymmetric Schur polynomials, we express the expectation value of the Wilson loops in terms of sums of observables of two factorized copies of U(N ) pure Chern-Simons theory on the sphere. Then, we use the Cauchy identity to study the partition functions of a number of quiver Chern-Simons-matter models and the result is interpreted as a perturbative expansion in the parameters tj = −e2πmj , where mj are the masses. Through the paper, we incorporate different generalizations, such as deformations by real masses and/or Fayet-Iliopoulos parameters, the consideration of a Romans mass in the gravity dual, and adjoint matter.

scholarly journals Holographic partition functions and phases for higher genus Riemann surfaces

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 125018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Maxfield ◽  
Simon F Ross ◽  
Benson Way
Keyword(s):  
Riemann Surfaces ◽  
Partition Functions ◽  
Higher Genus

scholarly journals THE TOPOLOGICAL CP1 MODEL AND THE LARGE-N MATRIX INTEGRAL

1994 ◽  
Vol 09 (31) ◽  
pp. 2893-2902 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOHRU EGUCHI ◽  
SUNG-KIL YANG
Keyword(s):  
Partition Function ◽  
Matrix Model ◽  
Riemann Surfaces ◽  
Hermitian Matrix ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Holomorphic Maps ◽  
Matrix Integral ◽  
Large N

We discuss the topological CP 1 model which consists of the holomorphic maps from Riemann surfaces onto CP 1. We construct a large-N matrix model which reproduces precisely the partition function of the CP 1 model at all genera of Riemann surfaces. The action of our matrix model has the form [Formula: see text] where M is an N × N Hermitian matrix and tn,P(tn,Q), (n = 0, 1, 2, …) are the coupling constants of the nth descendant of the puncture (Kähler) operator.

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