scholarly journals Tourism Endowments, Institution Quality, and Inbound Tourists: A Panel Analysis of ASEAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-232
Author(s):  
Chantha Hor
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Member States ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Single Entry ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This study empirically examines the impact of the tourism endowments, institution quality, and its sub-components on inbound tourists in the Association of Southeast Asia Nation (ASEAN) member states using the fixed-effect model and panel data set from 2007–2017. The results show that the tourism endowment index and institution quality are essential factors that encourage inbound tourists to visit individual ASEAN member states. I further examine inbound tourists’ responses to each sub-component of institution quality. I corroborate that most of the sub-components of institution quality play an essential role in promoting inbound tourism in individual ASEAN member states. Other variables, such as China’s GDP per capita, foreign direct investment (FDIs), and single-entry visa schemes, show positive and significant impacts on inbound tourists in individual ASEAN member states. Therefore, these results aid the government and the policymakers in ASEAN member states to provide additional, appropriate tourism strategic development plans and policies.

scholarly journals Impact of Public Debt on Health and Education in SAARC Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Hassan Tasleem
Keyword(s):  
External Debt ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The present study has done to investigate the impact of external debt servicing on health and education spending for the panel of selected SAARC countries (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) are basically developing countries of Asia. This study uses two models of education spending and the other is for health spending by using the data set for 1990-2016 and estimations are carried out by using fixed effect model. Beside other explanatory variables debt servicing is the most important determinant of education spending and health spending and confirm the literature view that high external debt leads to increase in debt servicing liabilities and government do repayment of debt servicing by cutting its expenditure especially on health and education spending as it is easy for government to cut down the social sector spending rather than other sector spending. Other variable Tax revenue and Gross Capital Formation also effect the health and education spending but debt servicing liability effect more. It is best for SAARC countries to use and organize their own resources efficiently and less dependence on external debt and on foreign borrowing and give high attention to education and health spending.

scholarly journals Integrasi Perdagangan dan Keselarasan Siklus Bisnis di ASEAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Aloysius Deno Hervino
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

This research aims to analyze the impact of trade integration in term of demand spillover (export, import, and both) on business cycle co-movement which measured by Gross Domestic Product Real. Using data from World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) and Fixed Effect Model (FEM), the results of this research explain that trade integration from import side among ASEAN countries has a positive impact on business cycle co-movement, but from export-side the impact is negative. Otherwise, this research didn’t found a significant impact from both export and import side to business cycle co-movement among ASEAN member countries.

The Impact of the Credit Channel on Macroeconomic Variables and Bank Characteristics in the Brazilian Economy from 2009 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Farajnezhad
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Credit Channel ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Impact

This article uses commercial bank-level data to examine a credit channel of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in the Brazilian economy from BRICS countries.  Static panel data with a fixed-effect model are used for data analysis. Using a sample of 212 commercial banks from 2009 to 2018. According to the findings of this study, there is a significant and positive relationship between macroeconomic variables that affect the interest rate and GDP with the loan amount, but not with the inflation rate. Also, it is reasonable to conclude that banks in Brazil react to monetary policy in a variety of ways.

scholarly journals WHETHER FDI OR EXPORTS ENHANCE INNOVATION: EVIDENCE FROM INDIAN MANUFACTURING FIRMS, 2001-2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Krishan SINGH ◽  
Dr. Sandeep Kaur BHATIA
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Capital Inflows ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Foreign Capital Inflows ◽  
Indian Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Impact

The economic reforms of 1991 resulted in an increased inflow of FDI into theIndian economy. However, for the invention of new techniques and skills, there is a greatneed to invest on R&D, requires a huge amount of capital, which can be available throughFDI inflows. Technology has been imported in heavy amount after the implementation ofliberalization policies. Therefore, the present study intends to know whether FDIcontributes to the Indian manufacturing sector through R&D or not. The average growthof the manufacturing sector in India (7.93 per cent) has been found considerably higherduring the second decade of reforms (2001-2012) as compared to first decade reforms(1991-2000). In the context of this, the present study has tried to examine the trends andpatterns of FDI and R&D in manufacturing firms of India during the second decade ofreforms (2001-12) and also, to analyze the impact of FDI and exports on R&D inmanufacturing firms of India through fixed effect model. The results suggest that R&D hasbeen significantly impacted by the import of capital goods, foreign equity, disembodiedtechnology, and export intensity during the second decade of liberalization period. Thepresent study suggests that greater approvals for foreign capital inflows are required inIndia, for enhancing the R&D in the manufacturing sector. There must be an appropriatecoordination between public and private sector, which can improve the R&D expenditureof manufacturing firms of India.

Determinates of Islamic banks liquidity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1619-1632
Author(s):  
Ahmad Al-Harbi
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Deposit Insurance ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Ratio Size ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The One

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of Islam banks (IBs) liquidity. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the author uses a generalized least square fixed effect model on an unbalanced panel data set of all IBs operating in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries over the period 1989-2008. Findings The estimation results show that all the determinants have statistically significant relationships with IBs’ liquidity but with different signs. On the one hand, foreign ownership, credit risk, profitability, inflation rate, monetary policy and deposit insurance negatively affected IBs liquidity. On the other hand, capital ratio, size gross domestic product growth and concentration have a positive nexus with IBs’ liquidity. Originality/value According to the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first empirical study to investigate the determinants of IBs liquidity using cross-country data with a large sample of IBs (110 banks) and over a long period (19 years). Also, the paper included variables that had not been discussed on the previous studies, which used cross-country data, such as efficiency, deposit insurance, monetary policy, concentration and market capitalization.

Bicameralism and government formation: does bicameral incongruence affect bargaining delays?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-484
Author(s):  
Daniela Giannetti ◽  
Andrea Pedrazzani ◽  
Luca Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Eastern European ◽  
Government Formation ◽  
Bargaining Process ◽  
Additional Element ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
The Government ◽  
Control Hypothesis ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe effects of bicameral legislatures on government formation have attracted scholarly attention since Lijphart’s (1984) seminal contribution. Previous research found support for the ‘veto control hypothesis,’ showing that bicameralism affects coalition governments’ composition and duration. However, the effects of bicameralism on the duration of the bargaining process over government formation have yet to be explored. Our work contributes to this area of research by focusing on the impact of bicameralism on bargaining delays. We show that the duration of the bargaining process over government formation decreases at increasing levels of partisan incongruence of the two chambers, especially in those legislative assemblies in which the upper chamber plays a relevant role in the policy-making process. Such empirical evidence is in contrast with the conventional expectation according to which bicameralism should delay the government formation process, as it introduces an additional element of complexity in the bargaining environment. We test our hypothesis by using a novel data set about the partisan composition of upper and lower chambers in 12 Western and Eastern European democracies over the postwar period.

Who Governs in the Council? Determinants of Ministerial Participation in Council Meetings

2020 ◽  
pp. 088832541990052
Author(s):  
Jan Kovář ◽  
Kamil Kovář
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Member States ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Visegrád Countries ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
The Eu

The Council of the EU is the primary institution through which ministers of member states can express their positions on Commission proposals and vote upon legislation. This article first examines the extent to which ministers actually attend Council meetings before moving toward investigating the determinants of ministerial participation in over a period covering almost thirteen years between May 2004 and December 2016. It aims to identify determinants of why ministers from the Visegrad countries participate at some meetings and are absent from others. Using an original data set containing information about 940 Council meetings as well as several country-specific characteristics, we show that, on average, at about four out of every six meetings, ministers are absent. The results of our regressions indicate a pattern in which holding the office of the EU’s rotating presidency, the number of b-points on the agenda, and the size of the government increase the likelihood of ministerial participation in meetings. In contrast, high levels of popular support for Eurosceptic parties and holding of national legislative elections decrease the probability of ministerial attendance. Moreover, meetings of Council formations related to policy areas with a low level of EU competence are significantly less likely to be attended by ministers.

scholarly journals Can the Famous University Experience of Top Managers Improve Corporate Performance? Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6975
Author(s):  
Weifeng Xu ◽  
Qingsong Ruan ◽  
Chang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Top Management Team ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
University Experience ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business Complexity ◽  
Positive Effect

With the continuous improvement of China’s overall education level, the number of top managers with famous university experience in listed companies has been increasing. The question then becomes whether the performance of the listed companies is better if there are more top managers with famous university experience in the top management team (TMT). Based on the sample of listed companies in China from 2008 to 2018, we adopted the two-way fixed effect model and panel propensity score matching (Panel-PSM) methodology to examine the impact of top managers with famous university experience on corporate performance and its mechanism. We found that the higher the proportion of top managers with famous university experience in the TMT, the better the corporate performance will be, and this positive effect is larger in companies with high business complexity. We also found that this effect is mediated by overconfidence of the TMT. The proportion of top managers with famous university experience in the TMT will inhibit the overconfidence of the TMT, which will ultimately benefit corporate performance.

scholarly journals The Threats of Unsystematic Risks in Jordanian Commercial Banking Sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Ghaith N. Al-Eitan ◽  
Ismail Y. Yamin
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Credit Risk Management ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

The objective of this study is to empirically examine the effect of unsystematic risks on the performance of commercial banks in Jordan, using panel data for the period of 10 years (2005-2015). The study uses earning per share and dividends as dependent variables to represent Banks’ performance. The empirical analysis based on the fixed effect model selected on the basis of Hausman test. The results indicate that the impact of Non-performing loans on commercial banks’ dividends is positive and significant while the impact of capital adequacy is negative and statistically significant on dividends. The results indicate that the credit risk, liquidity risk, non-performing loan and capital adequacy have significant effect on earnings per share and the effects are negative as expected. Based on the study it is recommended that the Jordanian commercial banks needs enhance the process of credit risk management to determine loan defaulter and impose the appropriate legal action against them.

scholarly journals Participation, Income Effect and Challenges of Village Savings and Loans Program in Garu and Tempane Districts of the Upper East Region, Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
Gifty Sienso ◽  
Abdul-Karim Khidir Nasow ◽  
Munkaila Lambongang
Keyword(s):  
Annual Income ◽  
Savings And Loans ◽  
East Region ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Active Labor ◽  
Upper East Region ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rural Dwellers ◽  
Formal Finance ◽  
The Impact

Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLAs), have the aim of reducing poverty and creating assets to rural dwellers who have limited access to formal finance due to high collateral requirements. However, since the implementation of VSLAs in the Garu and Tempane districts for over a decade, there is inadequate evidence as to the impact of VSLAs on the lives of the participants. Not only that, there is the need to find out the current and anticipated challenges faced by the participants in the program. This study analyzed the effect of VSLAs on the income of households in Garu and Tempane districts. Data was collected from 100 respondents, 50 direct beneficiaries and 50 non beneficiaries from 3 and 2 communities in Garu and Tempane districts respectively. A Heckman treatment effect model was used to analyze the determinants of participation and the effect of participation on income. The results showed that participants of the VSLA program had an annual income of about GH₵ 2016.60 more than the non-participants. Decision to join VSLAs is mainly influenced by age, the years a respondent spends in the community, the number of active labor force in a household and whether a respondent is a native or migrant. However, based on the challenges identified, it is recommended that the government and other institutions interested in rural development should institute appropriate policies that will help enhance participation in the program. Also, the associations should enforce tougher sanctions on members who absent themselves from meetings without prior notice.

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