scholarly journals The Importance of Data Reliability and Usability When Assessing Impacts of Marine Mineral Oil Spills

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
A. Dallas Wait
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Representative Data ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Product Specifications ◽  
Short Times

Spilled mineral oils in the marine environment pose a number of challenges to sampling and analysis. Mineral oils are complex assemblages of hydrocarbons and additives, the composition of which can vary considerably depending on the source oil and product specifications. Further, the marine microbial and chemical environment can be harsh and variable over short times and distances, producing a rigorous source of hydrocarbon degradation of a mineral oil assemblage. Researchers must ensure that any measurements used to determine the nature and extent of the oil release, the fate and transport of the mineral oil constituents, and any resultant toxicological effects are derived using representative data that adhere to the study’s data quality objectives (DQOs). The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance for crafting obtainable DQOs and provide insights into producing reliable results that properly underpin researchers’ findings when scrutinized by others.

scholarly journals Mineral Oil Slicks Identification Using Dual Co-polarized Radarsat-2 and TerraSAR-X SAR Imagery

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Ivonin ◽  
Camilla Brekke ◽  
Stine Skrunes ◽  
Andrei Ivanov ◽  
Nataliya Kozhelupova
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Sar Imagery ◽  
Better Than

This study is devoted to a generalization of C-band Radarsat-2 and X-band TerraSAR-X synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data in the form of a diagram serving to easily identify mineral oil slicks (crude oil and emulsions) and separate them from the other oil slicks. The diagram is based on the multi-polarization parameter called Resonant to Non-resonant signal Damping (RND) introduced by Ivonin et al. in 2016, which is related to the ratio between damping within the slick of the short waves and wave breakings. SAR images acquired in the North Sea during oil-on-water exercises in 2011–2012 containing three types of oil spills (crude oil, emulsion, and plant oil) were used. The analysis was performed under moderate sea conditions (wind speeds of 2–6 m/s and sea wave heights of less than 2 m), the incidence angles of 27°–49°, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of −3 to 11 dB within slicks. On the diagram plane, created by the RND parameter and the Bragg wave number, the mineral oil samples form a well-outlined zone, called a mineral oil zone. For C-band data, the plant oil samples were clearly distinguished from the mineral oils in the diagram. Determination of the confidence level for the detection of mineral oils versus plant oil was proposed using the mineral oil zone boundaries. The mineral oil data with SNR within slicks better than 2 dB lay within this zone with a confidence level better than 65%. The plant oil data with the same SNR lay outside this zone with a confidence level of better than 80%. For mineral oil with SNR of −3 dB, the confidence level is 55%.

APPLICATION OF IR SPECTROSCOPY IN THE STUDY OF MINERAL OIL

2017 ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
E. I. Grushova ◽  
A. .. Al Razuqi ◽  
E. S. Chaiko ◽  
O. A. Miloserdova
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Vacuum Distillate ◽  
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Modifying Additive

IR spectroscopy investigated structural and group composition of base mineral oils isolated from the vacuum distillate by selective purification of N-methylpyrrolidone and the low temperature dewaxing in the presence of a solvent. The role of the latter was carried out by the systems acetone - toluene, acetone - methyl tertiary butyl ether, methyl ethyl ketone - toluene, acetone - toluene - modifying additive. It was shown that the chemical composition of the group of base oils and slack waxes is defined as the nature of the solvent to the dewaxing, and oils sequence of purification steps.

scholarly journals Migration of mineral oil in elastomers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Förster ◽  
Artur Blivernitz
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Small Reservoir ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Suitable Measure

AbstractThis work describes a newly introduced experimental procedure to quantify the diffusion progress of mineral oils locally resolved in NBR. Diffusion of reference oils IRM 901, IRM 902 and IRM 903 in NBR with various acrylonitrile contents was investigated. Classical sorption experiments were performed as a basic characterization and compared to the newly introduced method. Here, elastomer specimens are only being dipped with the bottom in a relatively small reservoir of mineral oil. This provides a determination of locally resolved concentration profiles of mineral oils, and the calculation of diffusion coefficients. These diffusion coefficients follow the same trends like those determined via sorption experiments. Despite differences in the absolute numbers, activation energies of diffusion can be applied as a suitable measure for the compatibility of elastomers and fluids.

scholarly journals Decoupling of Mechanical and Transport Properties in Organogels via Solvent Variation

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Kenneth P. Mineart ◽  
Cameron Hong ◽  
Lucas A. Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Triblock Copolymer ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Solute Diffusion ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Chain Entanglement ◽  
Mineral Oils

Organogels have recently been considered as materials for transdermal drug delivery media, wherein their transport and mechanical properties are among the most important considerations. Transport through organogels has only recently been investigated and findings highlight an inextricable link between gels’ transport and mechanical properties based upon the formulated polymer concentration. Here, organogels composed of styrenic triblock copolymer and different aliphatic mineral oils, each with a unique dynamic viscosity, are characterized in terms of their quasi-static uniaxial mechanical behavior and the internal diffusion of two unique solute penetrants. Mechanical testing results indicate that variation of mineral oil viscosity does not affect gel mechanical behavior. This likely stems from negligible changes in the interactions between mineral oils and the block copolymer, which leads to consistent crosslinked network structure and chain entanglement (at a fixed polymer concentration). Conversely, results from diffusion experiments highlight that two penetrants—oleic acid (OA) and aggregated aerosol-OT (AOT)—diffuse through gels at a rate inversely proportional to mineral oil viscosity. The inverse dependence is theoretically supported by the hydrodynamic model of solute diffusion through gels. Collectively, our results show that organogel solvent variation can be used as a design parameter to tailor solute transport through gels while maintaining fixed mechanical properties.

A GIS approach to mapping oil spills in a marine environment

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (21) ◽  
pp. 6297-6313 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Ivanov ◽  
V. V. Zatyagalova
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Oil Spills

Implementation of Marine Environment Monitoring Data Quality Control System

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 4254-4257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Xu ◽  
Da Tao Yu ◽  
Zhong Jie Yuan ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Zi Zhou Xu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Control System ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Quality Control System ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Data Quality Control ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Marine Environment Monitoring

Traditional artificial perception quality control methods of marine environment monitoring data have many disadvantages, including high labor costs and mistakes of data review. Based on GIS spatial analysis technology, Marine Environment Monitoring Data Quality Control System is established according to the Bohai Sea monitoring regulation. In the practical application process, it plays the role of improving efficiency of quality control, saving the manpower and financial resources. It also provides an important guarantee for the comprehensive analysis and management of marine environment data.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Use of Waste Mineral Oils as a Fuel with Organic-based Mn Additive

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulent Özdalyan ◽  
Recep Ç. Orman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
Different Doses

The heat values of waste mineral oils are equal to the heat value of the fuel oil. However, heat value alone is not sufficient for the use of waste mineral oils. as fuel. However, the critical physical properties of fuels such as density and viscosity need to be adapted to the system in order to be used. In this study, the engine oils used in the first 10,000 km of the vehicles were used as waste mineral oil. An organic-based Mn additive was synthesized to improve the properties of the waste mineral oil. It was observed that mixing the Mn additive with the waste mineral oil at different doses (4, 8, 12 and 16 ppm) improves the viscosity of the waste oil and the flash point. The resulting fuel was evaluated for emission using different loads in a 5 kW capacity generator to compare the fuel with standard diesel fuel and to determine the effect of Mn addition. In the experimental study, it was observed that the emission characteristics of the fuel obtained from waste mineral oil were worse than diesel fuel, but some improvement with Mn addition. As a result, we found that the use of waste mineral oils in engines in fuel standards was not appropriate, but may be improved with additives.

scholarly journals Optimizing characteristics in mineral insulating oil used in high power transformers

2019 ◽  
pp. 222-228
Author(s):  
Irina Alina Chera Anghel ◽  
Loredana Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Insulating Liquid ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Good Heat ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic Conditions

The most commonly used insulating liquid in transformers is mineral oil. Special synthetic applications such as silicone, ester, perchloroethene, etc. are used today in special applications, with different characteristics, very low or nonexistent toxicity to mineral oils used in transformers. On the other hand, they have a much better biodegradability than mineral oils in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. But they cannot directly replace the mineral oil in operation or in repaired units. They have dielectric properties and good heat transfer but have limited their use to special transformers due to the relatively high cost and availability.

scholarly journals Transport of Atrazine Via Leaching in Agricultural Soil with Mineral Oil Addition

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.F. MENDES ◽  
A.T. SHIROMA ◽  
R.F. PIMPINATO ◽  
M.R. REIS ◽  
V.L. TORNISIELO
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Leachate Solution ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Application Volume

ABSTRACT: Adjuvants, such as mineral oils, are widely used in the application of herbicides by reducing the drift and evaporation of the droplets and by increasing herbicide uptake by the plant. However, little is known about how mineral oil behaves when in contact with the soil. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the transport of atrazine via leaching with the addition of mineral oil in a soil agricultural under laboratory conditions. To quantify the concentration of the herbicide along the profile of the very clay soil column (30 cm), 14C-atrazine (ring-U-14C) was used with 16,667 Bq of radioactivity per column in volume of 200 mL solution and 0 (control), 1, and 2% mineral oil (v/v) was added in the application volume. Atrazine was applied at the highest commercial dose recommended for sugarcane (4 kg ha-1). After simulation of a precipitation of 200 mm for 48 h, each column was sectioned into six parts of 5 cm and the analytes of each soil sample and the leachate were quantified by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The atrazine remained in the superficial layer of the soil, between 0 and 10 cm of depth, independent of the addition of mineral oil. No atrazine residues were detected in the leachate solution (> 30 cm) in any evaluated treatment. The addition of mineral oil at the time of application of pre-emergence atrazine did not interfere with the transport of this herbicide in the soil profile agricultural via leaching; therefore, the adjuvant may have positive effect only in the herbicide-plant relationship.

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