scholarly journals Presence of Arsenic in Potential Sources of Drinking Water Supply Located in a Mineralized and Mined Area of the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Victor Manuel Escot-Espinoza ◽  
Yann Rene Ramos-Arroyo ◽  
Isabel Lázaro ◽  
Isidro Montes-Avila ◽  
Leticia Carrizalez-Yañez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Aqueous Sample ◽  
Mine Wastes ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Rainwater Infiltration ◽  
Guideline Values

Mine wastes from the La Aurora mine in the state of Guanajuato were generated by the flotation process and placed in four tailing dumps on the local stream while the plant operated. Given that these wastes contain toxic elements, it is important to establish their impact on the quality of several surrounding natural sources of water that are considered potential drinking water supplies. This study identified four water source types, in which the contents of arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), and thallium (Tl) were exceeded, according to international guideline values for drinking water quality. The first type of aqueous sample corresponded to leachates produced by rainwater infiltration in tailings and water–mineral waste interactions. The second type corresponded to surface water along the Xichú and La Laja Streams, and the third and fourth types involved two groundwater well samples and spring samples, respectively. The Chiquito Stream was used as a reference area that had not been impacted by the mine wastes. The isotopic signatures associated with δ34Ssulfate and δ18Osulfate compositions from the El Ojo de Agua spring are similar to those of the Santa María River and are different from those of the mine waste leachates. This study shows evidence of the presence of As in the El Ojo de Agua spring, which results from dissolution of secondary mineral phases that were produced by alteration of the mine wastes, which then migrated along the Xichú Stream system until reaching the spring. These As-bearing fine particles are prone to dissolution when in contact with this water source. Principal component analysis revealed that the observed As, Tl, and Hg can be attributed to weathering of the mine wastes. However, the results suggest that a natural contribution of these elements could be associated with rainwater–igneous rock interactions.

The Establishment of Principal Component Analysis Assessment Model for Drinking Water Quality of City Resource

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 960-963
Author(s):  
Li Feng Sun ◽  
Qing Jie Qi ◽  
Xiao Liang Zhao ◽  
Rui Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Affecting Factors

In order to effectively control pollution of sources of drinking water, improve the environmental quality of drinking water and guarantee the sanitation of drinking water, it is very important to assess water source quality. Main factors of drinking water were identified. Then principal component analysis was used to establish assessment model of drinking water, which could ensure that under the condition that the primitive data information was in the smallest loss, a small number of variables were used to replace the integrated multi-dimensional variables to simplify the data structure. The weightings of principal component were determinated as theirs pollution ratios. This paper was based on the theoretical study of principal component analysis, used the monitoring data on water quality of the main water resources in 2013 to evaluate and analyze the water quality of water resources. Analysis content included the main affecting factors, cause of pollution and the degree of pollution.The resulted showed that: the main affecting factors on water quality of Fo Si water source was CODMn, TP, fluoride.

scholarly journals Drinking water quality in the alpine pastures of the eastern Tibetan plateau

Rangifer ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Sillanpää ◽  
Riina-Maarit Hulkkonen ◽  
Angela Manderscheid
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Result Analysis ◽  
Water Quality And Quantity

The need for water quality research on the Tibetan plateau has arisen after the rangeland was allocated and leased as pasture grounds to individual nomadic families in the 1990s. These policies changed the access to water sources. The imposed fencing of the pasture tenures makes the situation even more delicate. Nomadic families are now obliged to use only water sources existing on their own site. The restrictions have caused the urge to use all available water, which resulted in increasing water quality and quantity problems. In the past, natural water sources were in common use. During the Collective era, machine-dug wells near the collective settlements facilitated the procurement of drinking water. Based on recent investigations in Dzoge county (Sichuan province), the nomadic families of some regions considered the availability of adequate drinking water for humans and animals as their biggest problem. For this study, eight water samples were collected from the Dzoge county area. All samples were from different kinds of sources, but all in continuous use by humans and animals. The samples were analyzed for typical potable water quality factors (hygienic and technique-aesthetic). The results show that the Chinese national guideline values were exceeded for NO4-N and PO4-P in most open sampling locations. Those parameters do not spoil the water by themselves, but together with suspended solids and organic materials produce a great environment for bacteria like E. coli and fecal streptococci to grow. The result analysis and pictures seen from the location reveal that bacterial growth may be the biggest problem in water quality. Even primitive protection around the water source (i.e. concrete rings, wooden barriers around edges, covers) seem to have a great impact on water quality.

scholarly journals Water source quality in Ahenema Kokoben, Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadu Salifu ◽  
Helen M. K. Essandoh ◽  
Afsatou Ndama Traore ◽  
Natasha Potgieter
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Test Kit

Abstract Regular monitoring of microbial quality of water used for drinking is an important aspect of public health. Microbiological quality, using a novel microbial water quality test kit – Compartment Bag Test (CBT; AguaGenX, LLC, Chapel Hill, NC, USA), and physical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature and electrical conductivity) of 94 different water sources used by communities in the Ahenema Kokoben area of Ghana for drinking were tested. Using the WHO drinking water quality risk categories for the presence of Escherichia coli indicator bacteria, only 56% (53/94) of the water sources were safe for drinking, while 29% (27/94) of the water sources were classified as high risk and unsafe for human purposes. Some of the physical parameters were also higher than guideline values and could have been a contributing factor to poor water quality. Overall, the CBT proved to be a reliable alternative to traditional and laboratory-dependent microbial drinking water quality tests which can be easily used by water authorities to make sure that water is safe to drink.

Drinking water quality for peri-urban residents in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Thomas ◽  
E. McBean ◽  
H. M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Guideline Values

Piped distribution systems are limited to major urban centres in Cambodia, leaving the residents of peri-urban communities to rely on a variety of surface, rain and groundwater sources for their drinking water supplies. This paper examines microbial water quality results from two of Phnom Penh's peri-urban communities, and describes relationships between water source and treatment type, study site and storage vessel, relative to water quality guidelines. Treating water by boiling was a common practice, although the majority of residents indicated using boiling times far greater than required, which may impact adoption rates. A statistical difference is described between boiled water by source type, with boiled shallow well water having elevated E. coli levels. The only household drinking water type that met WHO guidelines most of the time was boiled rain or tank (vendor) water (56%); boiled rain or tank (vendor) water stored in a kettle, bucket/cooler or bucket with spigot met guideline values 69, 43 and 60% of the time, respectively. The highest quality water is from boiled rain or tank (vendor) water taken directly from a kettle. The findings described provide some insight on how to prioritize water options for various uses.

scholarly journals Assessment of Coagulation–Flocculation Process Efficiency for the Natural Organic Matter Removal in Drinking Water Treatment

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3073
Author(s):  
Corina Petronela Mustereț ◽  
Irina Morosanu ◽  
Ramona Ciobanu ◽  
Oana Plavan ◽  
Andreea Gherghel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Aluminum Concentration

Natural organic matter (NOM) represents a range of heterogeneous hydrophobic and hydrophilic components naturally occurring in the water source and, due to the fact that they can act as precursors for the disinfection, by-products may have a considerable impact on drinking water quality. Coagulation–flocculation (C/F) is among the most applied processes for NOM removal from water sources (especially rivers). In this study, C/F efficiency for a river water supply was investigated in cold and warm conditions, by varying the coagulant dose and mixing conditions. In this study, polyhydroxy aluminum chloride PAX XL 60, and polyacrylamide FloPam AN 910 SEP were used as coagulant and flocculant, respectively. Multiple water quality indicators were determined, such as turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and residual aluminum concentration. Some unconventional parameters relevant for NOM removal were also considered, like absorbance at 254 nm (A254), at 280 nm (A280), and at 365 nm (A365), as well as the ratios A254/DOC, A254/280, and A254/A365. After coagulation–flocculation, turbidity was completely removed in all the studied conditions. The DOC content was reduced by up to 22.65% at a low temperature and by up to 31.81% at a high temperature. After the addition of polyelectrolyte in cold conditions, the efficiency in terms of A254 increased by up to 37.4%, while the specific absorbance decreased. The high molecular weight NOM increased after C/F, based on the A254/A365 ratio. Chemometric analysis was employed in order to determine the effect of the coagulant dose on the process efficiency. The optimum coagulation–flocculation conditions were corroborated by means of the principal component analysis.

Global return flow ratio

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Dug Wells

Population using an improved drinking water source (piped water into dwellings, yards or plots; public taps or standpipes; boreholes or tubewells; protected dug wells; or protected springs and rainwater) that is located on premises and available when needed and which is free of faecal and priority chemical contamination. Basin Pollution Quality Waste

scholarly journals Are children’s stools in Ghana disposed of safely? Evidence from the 2014 Ghana demographic and health survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Safe Disposal ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Northern Zone

Abstract Background Safe disposal of children’s faeces has always been one of the main challenges to good hygiene in Ghana. Although it has been proven that children’s faeces are more likely to spread diseases than adults’ faeces, people usually mistake them for harmlessness. This study, therefore, sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with safe disposal of children’s faeces in Ghana. Methods Data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey was used for the analysis. A sample size of 2228 mother-child pairs were used for the study. The outcome variable was disposal of children stools. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors with safe child stool disposal. Results The prevalence of safe child stool disposal in Ghana was 24.5%. Women in the middle [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.62; Confidence Interval (CI) = 3.00–7.10], Coastal Zone [AOR = 4.52; CI = 2.82–7.22], mothers whose children were aged 12–17 [AOR = 1.56; CI = 1.15–2.13] and 18–23 months [AOR = 1.75; CI = 1.29–2.39], and mothers whose household had improved type of toilet facility [AOR = 2.04; CI = 1.53–2.73] had higher odds of practicing safe children’s faeces disposal. However, women from households with access to improved source of drinking water [AOR = 0.62; CI = 0.45–2.7] had lower odds of practicing safe children’s faeces disposal. Conclusion Approximately only about 25 out of 100 women practice safe disposal of their children’s faeces in Ghana. The age of the child, ecological zone, the type of toilet facilities, and the type of drinking water source are associated with the disposal of child faeces. These findings have proven that only improved sanitation (i.e. drinking water and toilet facilities) are not enough for women to safely dispose of their children’s faeces. Therefore, in addition to provision of toilet facilities especially in the northern zone of Ghana, there is also the need to motivate and educate mothers on safe disposal of children’s stools especially those with children below 12 months. More so, mothers without access to improved toilet facility should also be educated on the appropriate ways to bury their children’s stools safely.

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