scholarly journals Safety Risks of Plant Fiber/Plastic Composites (PPCs) Intended for Food Contact: A Review of Potential Hazards and Risk Management Measures

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Yunxuan Weng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Plant Fiber ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Food Contact ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Fiber Plastic

Plant fiber/plastic composites (PPCs), with the benefits of low cost and easy processing, have been widely used in the production of various food contact products. They are generally considered to be economical and environmentally friendly because of their natural raw materials (plant fibers) and recommended to be one of the ideal alternatives to traditional petrochemical-based plastics. However, in addition to plastic resins and plant fibers, some indispensable additives are involved in the production process of PPCs, which may pose food safety risks. To date, excessive migration of hazardous substances (such as melamine) has been reported in some products made of PPCs, and the safety and applicability of PPCs as food contact materials need to be further studied. In this paper, the main raw materials of PPCs used for food contact are taken as the pointcut to analyze the possible hazards, sources of hazards, and existing risk management measures in various countries. The conclusion shows that PPCs used for food contact may have potential safety risks at present. However, systematic research on migration methods and safety assessment are still insufficient, and further studies are needed regarding the main safety risks and migration patterns.

Study on plant fiber/plastic composites as the substrate of floorboard

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wen-bin ◽  
Li Jian ◽  
Liu Yi-xing
Keyword(s):  
Plant Fiber ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Plastic

Inclusion of Lignocellulosic Fibers in Plastic Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 442-446
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gabriel de Almeida Mesquita ◽  
Gustavo H. Denzin Tonoli ◽  
Rafael Farinassi Mendes ◽  
Antônia Amanda da Silva César ◽  
Lina Bufalino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Lignocellulosic Fiber ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Feasible Alternative

Solutions for the production of sustainable plastics have motivated the scientific community to search for new alternatives for the replacement of raw materials from non-renewable sources such as glass fibers. Therefore, plant fibers appear to be a feasible alternative, since they present low cost, suitable mechanical strength, wide availability, as well as are renewable. This work aimed to evaluate the replacement of glass fibers by lignocellulosic fiber in plastic composites used in civil construction sectors. The resin used was ortho unsaturated polyester. Three plant fibers were tested (sugar cane bagasse, eucalypt and pine) with and without chemical modification. The chemical modifications were performed with sodium hydroxide. The composites were evaluated by their physical and mechanical properties. The initial results showed the potential of using plant fiber in the production of fiber-reinforced plastic composites. Keywords: plant fibers, residues, polyester resin

scholarly journals Evaluation of existing control measures in reducing health and safety risks of engineered nanomaterials

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceyda Oksel ◽  
Vrishali Subramanian ◽  
Elena Semenzin ◽  
Cai Yun Ma ◽  
Danail Hristozov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Health And Safety Risks ◽  
Significant Attention

While the risk management of engineered nanomaterials (ENMS) receives significant attention, there is still a limited understanding of how to select optimal risk management measures for reducing the risks of ENMs.

scholarly journals Risk Management for Bonds with Embedded Options

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 790
Author(s):  
Antonio Díaz ◽  
Marta Tolentino
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Interest Rate Models ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Interest Rate Risk Management ◽  
Embedded Options ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rate Change

This paper examines the behavior of the interest rate risk management measures for bonds with embedded options and studies factors it depends on. The contingent option exercise implies that both the pricing and the risk management of bonds requires modelling future interest rates. We use the Ho and Lee (HL) and Black, Derman, and Toy (BDT) consistent interest rate models. In addition, specific interest rate measures that consider the contingent cash-flow structure of these coupon-bearing bonds must be computed. In our empirical analysis, we obtained evidence that effective duration and effective convexity depend primarily on the level of the forward interest rate and volatility. In addition, the higher the interest rate change and the lower the volatility, the greater the differences in pricing of these bonds when using the HL or BDT models.

scholarly journals Importance of Interfacial Adhesion Condition on Characterization of Plant-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Ching Hao Lee ◽  
Abdan Khalina ◽  
Seng Hua Lee
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Plant Fiber ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites ◽  
Adhesion Condition

Plant fibers have become a highly sought-after material in the recent days as a result of raising environmental awareness and the realization of harmful effects imposed by synthetic fibers. Natural plant fibers have been widely used as fillers in fabricating plant-fibers-reinforced polymer composites. However, owing to the completely opposite nature of the plant fibers and polymer matrix, treatment is often required to enhance the compatibility between these two materials. Interfacial adhesion mechanisms are among the most influential yet seldom discussed factors that affect the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the plant-fibers-reinforced polymer composites. Therefore, this review paper expounds the importance of interfacial adhesion condition on the properties of plant-fiber-reinforced polymer composites. The advantages and disadvantages of natural plant fibers are discussed. Four important interface mechanism, namely interdiffusion, electrostatic adhesion, chemical adhesion, and mechanical interlocking are highlighted. In addition, quantifying and analysis techniques of interfacial adhesion condition is demonstrated. Lastly, the importance of interfacial adhesion condition on the performances of the plant fiber polymer composites performances is discussed. It can be seen that the physical and thermal properties as well as flexural strength of the composites are highly dependent on the interfacial adhesion condition.

scholarly journals Risk Management in Seaports: A Community Analysis at the Port of Hamburg

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8035
Author(s):  
Ayman Nagi ◽  
Meike Schroeder ◽  
Wolfgang Kersten
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Emergency Plans ◽  
Plausibility Check ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Community Detection Algorithm

The aim of this work is to detect communities of stakeholders at the port of Hamburg regarding their communication intensity in activities related to risk management. An exploratory mixed-method design is chosen as a methodology based on a compact survey and semi-structured interviews, as well as secondary data. A compact survey at the port of Hamburg is utilized to address the communication intensity values among stakeholders. Based on 28 full responses, the data is extracted, cleansed, and prepared for the network analysis using the software “Gephi”. Thereafter, the Louvain community detection algorithm is used to extract the communities from the network. A plausibility check is carried out using 15 semi-structured interviews and secondary data to verify and refine the results of the community analysis. The results have revealed different communities for the following risk categories: (a) natural disasters and (b) operational and safety risks. The focus of cooperation is on the reactive process and emergency plans. For instance, emergency plans play an important role in the handling of natural disasters such as floods or extreme winds.

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