scholarly journals The Genotoxicity of Caecal Water in Gilts Exposed to Low Doses of Zearalenone

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Cieplińska ◽  
Magdalena Gajęcka ◽  
Adriana Nowak ◽  
Michał Dąbrowski ◽  
Łukasz Zielonka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Compensatory Effect ◽  
Control Group Group ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

Zearalenone is a toxic low-molecular-weight molecule that is naturally produced by moulds on crops as a secondary metabolite. The aim of this study was to determine the genotoxicity of caecal water collected successively from the caecal contents of gilts exposed to low doses (LOAEL, NOAEL, and MABEL) of zearalenone. The experiment was performed on 60 clinically healthy gilts with average BW of 14.5 ± 2 kg, divided into three experimental groups and a control group. Group ZEN5 were orally administered ZEN at 5 μg/kg BW, group ZEN10—10 μg ZEN/kg BW and group ZEN15—15 µg ZEN/kg BW. Five gilts from every group were euthanized on analytical dates 1, 2, and 3. Caecal water samples for in vitro analysis were collected from the ileocaecal region. The genotoxicity of caecal water was noted, particularly after date 1 in groups ZEN10 and ZEN15 with a decreasing trend. Electrophoresis revealed the presence of numerous comets without tails in groups C and ZEN5 and fewer comets with clearly expressed tails in groups ZEN10 and ZEN15. The distribution of LLC-PK1 cells ranged from 15% to 20% in groups C and ZEN5, and from 30% to 60% in groups ZEN10 and ZEN15. The analysis of caecal water genotoxicity during exposure to very low doses of ZEN revealed the presence of a counter response and a compensatory effect in gilts.

scholarly journals In vitro analysis of the effects on wound healing of high- and low-molecular weight chains of hyaluronan and their hybrid H-HA/L-HA complexes

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella D’Agostino ◽  
Antonietta Stellavato ◽  
Teresa Busico ◽  
Agata Papa ◽  
Virginia Tirino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

Promising in vitro Anti-Toxoplasma gondii effects of commercial Chitosan

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Rahimi Esboei ◽  
Masoud Keighobadi ◽  
Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi ◽  
Mahdi Fakhar ◽  
Ahmad Daryani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a disease that results from infection with an obligate intracellular T. gondii parasite, one of the world's most common parasites. Considering the complications of chemical drugs and the need for an appropriate drug combination for treatment of toxoplasmosis and also considering the antimicrobial potential of chitosan, as a natural source, this study was aimed to evaluate in vitro activity of commercial chitosan (CC) on T. gondii. Methods: In this experimental study, the tachyzoites of T. gondii was collected from the peritoneal exudates from infected Balb/c mice. The tachyzoites were diluted in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Chitosan with low molecular weight was commercially purchased. Then, at concentrations of 10, 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL and after 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes the viability of tachyzoites were determined by using trypan blue 0.1%. Anti-T.gondii activity of CC in all concentration was significantly higher than pyrimethamine as control group (P=0.05). Results: The concentration of 200 µg/mL of CC had the highest effects and killed 30.5, 52, 59 and 81.5% of tachyzoites after 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes. Moreover, IC50 values of CC were 515, 171, 12.5 and <10 μg/mL in comparison with pyrimethamine as 58.82 μg/mL for 30, 60, 120, and 180 min of exposure time. Conclusion: Our results indicate chitosan in low molecular weight had potent activity against T. gondii tachyzoites and could be an appropriate candidate for treatment of at least acute toxoplasmosis, certainly, after complementary in vivo experiments.

scholarly journals Low-molecular weight components of cow colostrum regulate bone marrow functions by modelling the redox-system of the organism

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
A. I. Bozhkov ◽  
S. L. Ohiienko ◽  
A. Y. Bondar ◽  
E. G. Ivanov ◽  
N. I. Kurguzova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Large Dose ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
In Vitro System

Colostrum is rich in various biologically active compounds such as immunotropic ones. Low molecular weight components were isolated from cow colostrum components (with a molecular weight of not more than 45 kDa). Their influence was investigated on intact Wistar Rattus norvegicus adult males in concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 g/100 g of body weight. We determined content of lipid hydroperoxides and activity of serum glutathione peroxidase in blood serum, parameters of the bone marrow cells’ (BMCs) behaviour in the in vitro system (proliferation ability, morphologically identifiable and unidentifiable type of cells, lifespan of eosinophils). Morphological identifiable cells were stab neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, metamyelocytes, myelocytes, lymphocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes. The low doses of colostrum components (0.01–0.10 g/100 g of body weight) did not affect the ratio of morphologically identifiable/unidentifiable cells. Administration of colostrum components at low doses (0.01 g/100 g of weight) increased the ability of BMCs to proliferate in the in vitro system. A super-large dose of colostrum components (5 g/100 g of body weight) was accompanied by a further loss of capacity for proliferation and cell death. Moreover, large doses of colostrum components resulted in change of balance to prooxidants (oxidants). The role of redox – system in BMCs functions was discussed. Large doses of colostrum components (1–5 g/100 g of body weight) were accompanied by a change of pro-antioxidant system balance. Only eosinophils were determined after administration of colostrum components in a large dose. It should be noted that the lifetime of eosinophils which developed under influence of colostrum components was greater than that of eosinophils obtained from control animals.

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial Activity of The Low Molecular Weight Compounds from Streptomyces sp. GMR22

2020 ◽  
pp. 273-280
Author(s):  
Tarsa Ruli Tambunan ◽  
Jaka Widada ◽  
Ema Damayanti ◽  
Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih ◽  
Mustofa Mustofa
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Butyl Phthalate

Low molecular weight (LMW) antiplasmodial compounds isolated from bacteria, particularly Streptomyces have not been widely reported. This study aimed to identify LMW compounds from Streptomyces sp. GMR22 as antiplasmodial. Isolation of the LMW compounds from the supernatant of fermentation culture using solvent of n-hexane:ethylacetate (EtOAc) (85:15v/v)and identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antiplasmodial assay of n-hexane:EtOAc extract was carried out in vitro against P. falciparum (3D7). Parasitemia percentage obtained through microscopic observations and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) obtained through probit analysis. The antiplasmodial confirmation test was done by flow cytometry using SYBR Green I for Plasmodium DNA and anti-human CD235a for erythrocytes. The LMW compounds were investigated using SwissADME for drug-likeness. n-Hexane:EtOAc extract contained 21 LMW compounds from alcohol, hydrocarbon, ester, aromatic/diester, diester, fatty acid, and triester classes, which possessed moderate antiplasmodial activity with an IC50 value of 38.61 ± 19.06 µg/mL. Confirmation by flow cytometry analysis showed that the extract at 50 µg/mL exhibited antiplasmodial activity based on a decreased Plasmodium DNA intensity as compared to the control group. The result of drug-likeness screening obtained that 3 LMW compounds were drug-likeness, namely phenylethyl alcohol, ethyl citrate, and di-n-butyl phthalate. Streptomyces sp. GMR22 produced LMW compounds as antiplasmodial, and further study was needed for identification of antiplasmodial active compounds.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Analysis of the Antifungal Effect of Nystatin and Fluconazole Incorporated into Tissue Conditioner with and Without Using Varnish Containing Self-cured Resin and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Shima Ghasemi ◽  
Safa Raeesi ◽  
Katayoun Sadr ◽  
Azra Kiafar ◽  
Amir Reza Babaloo
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Denture Stomatitis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Tissue Conditioner ◽  
Digital Caliper ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

Background: Incorporating antifungal drugs into liners has been proposed to treat denture stomatitis. Varnish application on tissue conditioners can decrease the porosities and irregularities, biofilm, and pathogens adhesion. In this study, we evaluated the effect of varnish application on releasing the antifungal drugs incorporated into tissue conditioners. Methods: Pure form of nystatin and fluconazole were mixed into tissue conditioner powder separately at 5% wt/wt concentration and prepared according to manufacturer’s instruction. Then, disk-shaped specimens (5 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness) were prepared at 30 nystatin and 30 fluconazole specimens. Varnish (containing 50 mL of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 3 ml of self-cured resin) was applied on the surface of 15 disks of each drug and the other specimens were used as the control group (without varnish). Next, the disks were put in agar plates cultured with standard Candida albicans and incubated for 7 days. Mean inhibition diameter for each disk was measured with digital caliper at 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days. Each step was performed in triplicate. Data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Friedman, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The mean inhibition diameter (MID) at days 1, 3, and 7 in fluconazole without varnish group was 12.63, 3.90, and 3.67, respectively; in fluconazole with varnish was 3.00, 2.50, and 2.50, respectively; in nystatin without varnish was 5.78, 3.90, and 3.87, respectively; in nystatin with varnish group was 2.50, 0.00, and 0.00, respectively. fluconazole without varnish group exhibited significantly higher MID and nystatin with varnish group had lower MID. Conclusions: In this experimental study, fluconazole was more effective than nystatin. In groups without varnish, antifungal effect continued up to day 7. Using varnish in tissue conditioner can decrease antifungal effect.

The native structure of the eukaryotic ribosome

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 432-433
Author(s):  
R.A. Milligan ◽  
P.N.T. Unwin
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Native Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Eukaryotic Ribosome ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Analysis ◽  
Resolution Structure ◽  
Stable Unit

A detailed understanding of the mechanism of protein synthesis will ultimately depend on knowledge of the native structure of the ribosome. Towards this end we have investigated the low resolution structure of the eukaryotic ribosome embedded in frozen buffer, making use of a system in which the ribosomes crystallize naturally.The ribosomes in the cells of early chicken embryos form crystalline arrays when the embryos are cooled at 4°C. We have developed methods to isolate the stable unit of these arrays, the ribosome tetramer, and have determined conditions for the growth of two-dimensional crystals in vitro, Analysis of the proteins in the crystals by 2-D gel electrophoresis demonstrates the presence of all ribosomal proteins normally found in polysomes. There are in addition, four proteins which may facilitate crystallization. The crystals are built from two oppositely facing P4 layers and the predominant crystal form, accounting for >80% of the crystals, has the tetragonal space group P4212, X-ray diffraction of crystal pellets demonstrates that crystalline order extends to ~ 60Å.

1163: Radial Dilation of Ureteral Balloons: A Comparative in-Vitro Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 315-316
Author(s):  
Kari Hendlin ◽  
Brynn Lund ◽  
Manoj Monga
Keyword(s):  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Analysis
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