scholarly journals Clinical Presentation and Serologic Response during a Rabies Epizootic in Captive Common Vampire Bats (Desmodus rotundus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa M. Cárdenas-Canales ◽  
Crystal M. Gigante ◽  
Lauren Greenberg ◽  
Andres Velasco-Villa ◽  
James A. Ellison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Desmodus Rotundus ◽  
Glycoprotein Gene ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Direct Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Vampire Bats ◽  
Vampire Bat

We report mortality events in a group of 123 common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) captured in México and housed for a rabies vaccine efficacy study in Madison, Wisconsin. Bat mortalities occurred in México and Wisconsin, but rabies cases reported herein are only those that occurred after arrival in Madison (n = 15). Bats were confirmed positive for rabies virus (RABV) by the direct fluorescent antibody test. In accordance with previous reports, we observed long incubation periods (more than 100 days), variability in clinical signs prior to death, excretion of virus in saliva, and changes in rabies neutralizing antibody (rVNA) titers post-infection. We observed that the furious form of rabies (aggression, hyper-salivation, and hyper-excitability) manifested in three bats, which has not been reported in vampire bat studies since 1936. RABV was detected in saliva of 5/9 bats, 2–5 days prior to death, but was not detected in four of those bats that had been vaccinated shortly after exposure. Bats from different capture sites were involved in two separate outbreaks, and phylogenetic analysis revealed differences in the glycoprotein gene sequences of RABV isolated from each event, indicating that two different lineages were circulating separately during capture at each site.

scholarly journals Bovine rabies incidence in the state of Minas Gerais/Brazil, between 2002 and 2006

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
R.S. Ferreira ◽  
R.M.A. de Almeida ◽  
D.A. Nogueira ◽  
N.M.S. Oliveira ◽  
J.E. Fiorini
Keyword(s):  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Inoculation Test ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Direct Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Vampire Bats

Rabies is an infectious contagious disease of mammals present in all continents except Oceania. It is caused by a Lyssavirus and characterized by acute fatal encephalitis. It is considered endemic in Brazil and transmission to herbivores occurs mainly via vampire bats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of bovine rabies in the state of Minas Gerais, as well as the diagnostic methods, applying the time series to analyze trend and seasonality in order to adjust a model to disease in cattle. Between 2002 and 2006, nervous tissue samples were obtained from deceased bovines presenting neurological symptoms and clinically suspected of rabies. The direct fluorescent antibody test (FAT) detected 40.38% (1,293/3,202) positive samples. From all FAT negative tissue samples, 2.67% (51/1,909) tested positive in a mouse inoculation test (MIT). No seasonality was observed and positive cases had a decrease of 0.14 per month.

scholarly journals Experimental rabies infection in haematophagous bats Desmodus rotundus

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. ALMEIDA ◽  
L. F. A. MARTORELLI ◽  
C. C. AIRES ◽  
P. C. SALLUM ◽  
E. L. DURIGON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Pectoral Muscle ◽  
Desmodus Rotundus ◽  
Virus Dose

In order to determine the susceptibility and serum neutralizing antibody response of Desmodus rotundus to rabies virus, bats were inoculated with a virus isolated from a naturally infected haematophagous bat. Bats were divided into four groups of 10 animals each. Dilutions of rabies virus containing 100, 1000, 10000 and 100000 MICLD50 (lethal dose 50% for mice inoculated by the intracerebral route) were administrated in the pectoral muscle. The presence of rabies virus was detected in brain and salivary glands by fluorescent antibody, mouse inoculation and RT–PCR. The observed mortality for each virus dose was 0, 20, 20 and 60% respectively. Serum neutralizing antibodies were tested for by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test, and antibody titres greater than 0·5 IU/ml were found in 53% of bats 30 days after virus inoculation. Resistance to infection was seen in bats that developed low or no detectable antibody response as well as in bats with high titres. Among the 10 bats that died of rabies, eight showed signs of paralytic rabies and two bats showed no clinical signs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the fluorescent gonococcal test-heated

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
H A Gaafar
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

In a 1-year evaluation of the indirect fluorescent antibody test for gonorrhea, 16,127 specimens from low-and high-risk groups were examined, and the results were compared with culture, history of exposure to a known patient, and clinical signs and symptoms. The results confirmed the usefulness of the indirect fluorescent antibody test for gonorrhea as a screening procedure, especially for women in the low-risk group. The test is more economic and probably more sensitive than culture for mass screening of asymptomatic women.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Polymerase Chain Reaction and Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test for Diagnosis of Genital Herpes

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 053-056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vrushali Patwardhan ◽  
Preena Bhalla ◽  
Deepti Rawat ◽  
Vijay Kumar Garg ◽  
Kabir Sardana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genital Herpes ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genital Ulcer ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Direct Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Simplex Virus

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare laboratory tests that can simultaneously detect and type herpes simplex virus (HSV) directly from the genital ulcer specimens in clinically suspected cases of genital herpes. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted over 10 months and 44 adult male and female patients clinically suspected with genital herpes were recruited. Genital ulcer swab specimens were subjected to glycoprotein-G gene-based conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and commercially available direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test and the results were compared. Results: PCR for HSV was positive in 82% (36/44) cases. DFA was positive in 68.2% (30/44) cases. There was 100% agreement between HSV types detected by DFA and PCR. The strength of agreement between the results was better in primary genital herpes than recurrent cases. Conclusion: PCR was found to be better in the detection of HSV in recurrent genital herpes patients. It is a better modality, especially when genital herpes clinically presents with ulcerative or crusted lesions, and is also a cheaper alternative as compared to DFA.

scholarly journals Malignant Catarrhal Fever in a Captive American Bison (Bison Bison) in Italy

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Campolo ◽  
Maria Stella Lucente ◽  
Viviana Mari ◽  
Gabriella Elia ◽  
Antonella Tinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Acute Form

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal, systemic disease of cattle and other domestic and wild ruminants that, in Europe, is caused by Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2). American bison ( Bison bison) are highly susceptible to the disease. An adult American bison, housed in a zoo in southern Italy in close cohabitation with a group of domestic sheep ( Ovis aries aries) displayed clinical signs that resembled the acute form of MCF. By real-time polymerase chain reaction, OvHV-2 DNA was detected intravitam in blood, in nasal and ocular swabs, and postmortem in tissue samples of the bison. By indirect fluorescent antibody test, high MCF antibody titers were found in the bison serum. Ovine herpesvirus 2 DNA and antibodies were also found in blood samples from the domestic sheep, thus suggesting a potential role of these animals as a source of the infection. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first MCF case in captive ruminants in Italy and the second confirmed case in captive bison of European zoos.

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