scholarly journals Caerin1.1 Suppresses the Growth of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus In Vitro via Direct Binding to the Virus

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Guo ◽  
Bingzhou Zhang ◽  
Han Hu ◽  
Shiyi Ye ◽  
Fangzhou Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Direct Binding ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
And Control

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) has re-emerged in recent years and has already caused huge economic losses to the porcine industry all over the world. Therefore, it is urgent for us to find out efficient ways to prevent and control this disease. In this study, the antiviral activity of a cationic amphibian antimicrobial peptide Caerin1.1 against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was evaluated by an in vitro system using Vero cells. We found that even at a very low concentration, Caerin1.1 has the ability to destroy the integrity of the virus particles to block the release of the viruses, resulting in a considerable decrease in PEDV infections. In addition, Caerin1.1 showed powerful antiviral activity without interfering with the binding progress between PEDV and the receptor of the cells, therefore, it could be used as a potential antiviral drug or as a microbicide compound for prevention and control of PEDV.

scholarly journals Successive Passage In Vitro Led to Lower Virulence and Higher Titer of A Variant Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengwei Zhao ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Jiang Yu ◽  
Rongzhi Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
S Gene ◽  
Successive Passage ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

A highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) appeared in China and spread rapidly to neighbor countries, which have led to great economic losses to the pig industry. In the present study, we isolated a PEDV using Vero cells and serially propagated 100 passages. PEDV SDSX16 was characterized in vitro and in vivo. The viral titers increased to 107.6 TCID50/mL (100th) by serial passages. The spike (S) gene and the whole gene of the SDSX16 virus was fully sequenced to assess the genetic stability and relatedness to previously identified PEDV. Along with successive passage in vitro, there were 18 nucleotides (nt) deletion occurred in the spike (S) gene resulting in a deletion of six amino acids when the SDSX16 strain was passaged to the 64th generation, and this deletion was stable until the P100. However, the ORF1a/b, M, N, E, and ORF3 genes had only a few point mutations in amino acids and no deletions. According to growth kinetics experiments, the SDSX16 deletion strain significantly enhanced its replication in Vero cells since it was passaged to the 64th generation. The animal studies showed that PEDV SDSX16-P10 caused more severe diarrhea and vomiting, fecal shedding, and acute atrophic enteritis than SDSX16-P75, indicating that SDSX16-P10 is enteropathogenic in the natural host, and the pathogenicity of SDSX16 decreased with successive passage in vitro. However, SDSX16-P10 was found to cause lower levels of cytokine expression than SDSX16-P75 using real-time PCR and flow cytometry, such as IL1β, IL6, IFN-β, TNF-α, indicating that SDSX16-P10 might inhibit the expression of cytokines. Our data indicated that successive passage in vitro resulted in virulent attenuation in vivo of the PEDV variant strain SDSX16.

scholarly journals Short communication: antiviral activity of porcine IFN-λ3 against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro

Virus Genes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Shen ◽  
Chunhong Zhang ◽  
Pengju Guo ◽  
Zhicheng Liu ◽  
Minhua Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

scholarly journals Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) ORF3 Enhances Viral Proliferation by Inhibiting Apoptosis of Infected Cells

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fusheng Si ◽  
Xiaoxia Hu ◽  
Chenyang Wang ◽  
Bingqing Chen ◽  
Ruiyang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Orf3 Gene ◽  
Accessory Gene ◽  
Orf3 Protein ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Virulence ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

The genomes of coronaviruses carry accessory genes known to be associated with viral virulence. The single accessory gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), ORF3, is dispensable for virus replication in vitro, while viral mutants carrying ORF3 truncations exhibit an attenuated phenotype of which the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we studied the effect of ORF3 deletion on the proliferation of PEDV in Vero cells. To this end, four recombinant porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses (PEDVs) were rescued using targeted RNA recombination, three carrying the full-length ORF3 gene from different PEDV strains, and one from which the ORF3 gene had been deleted entirely. Our results showed that PEDVs with intact or naturally truncated ORF3 replicated to significantly higher titers than PEDV without an ORF3. Further characterization revealed that the extent of apoptosis induced by PEDV infection was significantly lower with the viruses carrying an intact or C-terminally truncated ORF3 than with the virus lacking ORF3, indicating that the ORF3 protein as well as its truncated form interfered with the apoptosis process. Collectively, we conclude that PEDV ORF3 protein promotes virus proliferation by inhibiting cell apoptosis caused by virus infection. Our findings provide important insight into the role of ORF3 protein in the pathogenicity of PEDV.

scholarly journals Characterization and pathogenicity of Vero cell-attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus CT strain

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Qingfeng Zhou ◽  
Qunhui Li ◽  
Zhichao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
Piglet Survival

Abstract Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused enormous economic losses to the global pig industry. Currently available PEDV vaccine strains have limited protective effects against PEDV variant strains. Methods In this study, the highly virulent epidemic virus strain CT was serially passaged in Vero cells for up to 120 generations (P120). Characterization of the different passages revealed that compared with P10 and P64, P120 had a higher viral titer and more obvious cytopathic effects, thereby demonstrating better cell adaptability. Results Pathogenicity experiments using P120 in piglets revealed significant reductions in clinical symptoms, histopathological lesions, and intestinal PEDV antigen distribution; the piglet survival rate in the P120 group was 100%. Furthermore, whole-genome sequencing identified 13 amino acid changes in P120, which might be responsible for the attenuated virulence of P120. Conclusions Thus, an attenuated strain was obtained via cell passaging and that this strain could be used in preparing attenuated vaccines.

scholarly journals In vitro Assessment of Antiviral Effect of Natural Compounds on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Gómez-García ◽  
Héctor Puente ◽  
Héctor Argüello ◽  
Óscar Mencía-Ares ◽  
Pedro Rubio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Organic acid and essential oils (EOs), well-known antimicrobials, could also possess antiviral activity, a characteristic which has not been completely addressed up to now. In this study, the effect of two organic acids (formic acid and sodium salt of coconut fatty acid distillates) and two single EO compounds (thymol and cinnamaldehye) was evaluated against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). The concentration used for each compound was established by cytotoxicity assays in Vero cells. The antiviral activity was then evaluated at three multiplicities of infection (MOIs) through visual cytopathic effect (CPE) evaluation and an alamarBlue assay as well as real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and viral titration of cell supernatants. Formic acid at at a dose of 1,200 ppm was the only compound which showed antiviral activity, with a weak reduction of CPE caused by PEDV. Through the alamarBlue fluorescence assay, we showed a significant anti-CPE effect of formic acid which could not be observed by using an inverted optical microscope. RT-qPCR and infectivity analysis also showed that formic acid significantly reduced viral RNA and viral titers in a PEDV MOI-dependent manner. Our results suggest that the antiviral activity of formic acid could be associated to its inhibitory effect on viral replication. Further studies are required to explore the anti-PEDV activity of formic acid under field conditions alone or together with other antiviral agents.

scholarly journals Molecular Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Isolated in Some Areas of China in 2015–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyang Yu ◽  
Yanling Liu ◽  
Shuangyun Wang ◽  
Leyi Zhang ◽  
Pengshuai Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Since 2010, Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused severe diarrhea disease in piglets in China, resulting in large economic losses. To understand the genetic characteristics of the PEDV strains that circulated in some provinces of China between 2015 and 2018, 375 samples of feces and small intestine were collected from pigs and tested. One hundred seventy-seven samples tested positive and the PEDV-positive rate was 47.20%. A phylogenetic tree analysis based on the entire S gene showed that these strains clustered into four subgroups, GI-a, GI-b, GII-a, and GII-b, and that the GII-b strains have become dominant in recent years. Compared with previous strains, these strains have multiple variations in the SP and S1-NTD domains and in the neutralizing epitopes of the S protein. We also successfully isolated and identified a new virulent GII-b strain, GDgh16, which is well-adapted to Vero cells and caused a high mortality rate in piglets in challenge experiments. Our study clarifies the genetic characteristics of the prevalent PEDV strains in parts of China, and suggests that the development of effective novel vaccines is both necessary and urgent.

scholarly journals Tomatidine inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by targeting 3CL protease

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Wang ◽  
Juan Bai ◽  
Xuewei Liu ◽  
Mi Wang ◽  
Xianwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Titration Calorimetry ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
3Cl Protease

Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes lethal diarrhea in suckling piglets, leading to severe economic losses worldwide. There is an urgent need to find new therapeutic methods to prevent and control PEDV. Not only is there a shortage of commercial anti-PEDV drugs, but available commercial vaccines fail to protect against highly virulent PEDV variants. We screened an FDA-approved library of 911 natural products and found that tomatidine, a steroidal alkaloid extracted from the skin and leaves of tomatoes, demonstrates significant inhibition of PEDV replication in Vero and IPEC-J2 cells in vitro. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis predicted interactions between tomatidine and the active pocket of PEDV 3CL protease, which were confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The inhibiting effect of tomatidine on 3CL protease was determined using cleavage visualization and FRET assay. Tomatidine-mediated blocking of 3CL protease activity in PEDV-infected cells was examined by western blot detection of the viral polyprotein in PEDV-infected cells. It indicates that tomatidine inhibits PEDV replication mainly by targeting 3CL protease. In addition, tomatidine also has antiviral activity against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), encephalo myocarditis virus (EMCV) and seneca virus A (SVA) in vitro. These results may be helpful in developing a new prophylactic and therapeutic strategy against PEDV and other swine disease infections.

scholarly journals In vitro antiviral activity of Griffithsin against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

Virus Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Li ◽  
Xiaoming Yu ◽  
Haoming Zhang ◽  
Haiwei Cheng ◽  
Liting Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

scholarly journals In Vitro Antiviral Activities of Salinomycin on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Chen Yuan ◽  
Xintong Huang ◽  
Ruiyu Zhai ◽  
Yichao Ma ◽  
Anyuan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
P38mapk Signaling ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
Post Entry

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enteropathogenic coronavirus, has catastrophic impacts on the global pig industry. Owing to the lack of effective vaccines and specific therapeutic options for PEDV, it is pertinent to develop new and available antivirals. This study identified, for the first time, a salinomycin that actively inhibited PEDV replication in Vero cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, salinomycin significantly inhibited PEDV infection by suppressing the entry and post-entry of PEDV in Vero cells. It did not directly interact with or inactivate PEDV particles, but it significantly ameliorated the activation of Erk1/2, JNK and p38MAPK signaling pathways that are associated with PEDV infection. This implied that salinomycin inhibits PEDV replication by altering MAPK pathway activation. Notably, the PEDV induced increase in reactive oxidative species (ROS) was not decreased, indicating that salinomycin suppresses PEDV replication through a pathway that is an independent pathway of viral-induced ROS. Therefore, salinomycin is a potential drug that can be used for treating PEDV infection.

scholarly journals Immune Responses in Pregnant Sows Induced by Recombinant Lactobacillus johnsonii Expressing the COE Protein of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Provide Protection for Piglets against PEDV Infection

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Dianzhong Zheng ◽  
Xiaona Wang ◽  
Ning Ju ◽  
Zhaorui Wang ◽  
Ling Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Lactobacillus Johnsonii ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) induced by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an intestinal infectious disease in pigs that causes serious economic losses to the pig industry. To develop an effective oral vaccine against PEDV infection, we used a swine-origin Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii) as an antigen delivery carrier. A recombinant strain pPG-T7g10-COE/L. johnsonii (L. johnsonii-COE) expressing COE protein (a neutralizing epitope of the viral spike protein) was generated. The immunomodulatory effect on dendritic cell in vitro and immunogenicity in pregnant sows was evaluated following oral administration. L. johnsonii-COE could activate monocyte-derived dendritic cell (MoDC) maturation and triggered cell immune responses. After oral vaccination with L. johnsonii-COE, levels of anti-PEDV-specific serum IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies as well as mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibody were induced in pregnant sows. High levels of PEDV-specific SIgA and IgG antibodies were detected in the maternal milk, which provide effective protection for the piglets against PEDV infection. In summary, oral L. johnsonii-COE was able to efficiently activate anti-PEDV humoral and cellular immune responses, demonstrating potential as a vaccine for use in sows to provide protection of their piglets against PEDV.

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