scholarly journals Deletion in the S1 Region of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Reduces the Virulence and Influences the Virus-Neutralizing Activity of the Antibody Induced

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1378
Author(s):  
Kuo-Jung Tsai ◽  
Ming-Chung Deng ◽  
Fun-In Wang ◽  
Shu-Hui Tsai ◽  
Chieh Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Large Deletion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Insertion And Deletion ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe diarrhea and a high rate of mortality in suckling pigs. The epidemic of PEDV that occurred after 2013 was caused by non-insertion and deletion of S gene (S-INDEL) PEDV strains. During this epidemic, a variant of the non-S-INDEL PEDV strain with a large deletion of 205 amino acids on the spike gene (5-17-V) was also found to co-exist with a non-S-INDEL PEDV without deletion (5-17-O). Herein, we describe the differences in the complete genome, distribution, virulence, and antigenicity between strain 5-17-O and variant strain 5-17-V. The deletion of 205 amino acids was primarily located in the S1O domain and was associated with milder clinical signs and lower mortality in suckling pigs than those of the 5-17-O strain. The 5-17-V strain-induced antibody did not completely cross-neutralize the 5-17-O strain. In conclusion, the deletion in the S1 region reduces the virulence of PEDV and influences the virus-neutralizing activities of the antibody it induces.

scholarly journals Comparative Characterization and Pathogenicity of a Novel Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) with a Naturally Occurring Truncated ORF3 Gene Coinfected with PEDVs Possessing an Intact ORF3 Gene in Piglets

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1562
Author(s):  
Ying Lu ◽  
Weijian Huang ◽  
Lian Zhong ◽  
Yibin Qin ◽  
Xueting Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Large Deletion ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Orf3 Gene ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Coinfection caused by various genotypes of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a new disease situation. We previously reported the coexistence of PEDV strains containing different ORF3 genotypes in China. In this study, the PEDV strains 17GXCZ-1ORF3d and 17GXCZ-1ORF3c were isolated and plaque-purified from the same piglet, which had a natural large deletion at the 172–554 bp position of the ORF3 gene or possessed a complete ORF3 gene, respectively. Meanwhile, 17GXCZ-1ORF3d had >99% nt identity with 17GXCZ-1ORF3c in the 5′UTR, ORF1a/1b, S, E, M, N and 3′UTR regions but only demonstrated low nucleotide identities (80.5%) in the ORF3 gene. To elucidate the pathogenicity, 7-day-old piglets were infected. Piglets infected with these two PEDV strains exhibited severe clinical signs and shed the virus at the highest level within 96 hpi. Compared with the piglets inoculated with the 17GXCZ-1ORF3c strain, the piglets inoculated with the 17GXCZ-1ORF3d strain had higher mortality rates (75% vs. 50%), an earlier onset of clinical signs with a significantly higher diarrhea score, lower VH:CD ratios and a higher percentage of PEDV-positive enterocytes. This study is the first to report PEDV coinfections with different ORF3 genotypes, and a PEDV strain with a large deletion in the ORF3 gene might have the advantage of a potential genetic marker, which would be useful during vaccine development.

scholarly journals Emergence and evolution of highly pathogenic porcine epidemic diarrhea virus by natural recombination of a low pathogenic vaccine isolate and a highly pathogenic strain in the spike gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huinan Wang ◽  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Yuanbin Shang ◽  
Rongrong Tan ◽  
Mingxiang Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Orf3 Gene ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
Natural Recombination

Abstract Outbreaks of a new variant of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) at the end of 2010 have raised interest in the mutation and recombination of PEDV. A PEDV strain (CN/Liaoning25/2018) isolated from a clinical outbreak of piglet diarrhea contained a 49-bp deletion in the ORF3 gene. This deletion is considered a genetic characteristic of low pathogenic attenuated vaccine strains. However, CN/Liaoning25/2018 was highly pathogenic. Complete genome sequencing, identity analysis, phylogenetic tree construction, and recombination analysis showed that this virus was a recombinant strain containing the Spike (S) gene from the highly pathogenic CN/GDZQ/2014 strain and the remaining genomic regions from the low pathogenic vaccine isolate SQ2014. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry results confirmed that this strain was highly pathogenic and indicated that intestinal epithelial cell vacuolation was positively correlated with the intensity and density of PEDV antigens. A new natural recombination model for PEDV was identified. Our results suggest that new highly pathogenic recombinant strains in the field may be generated by recombination between low pathogenic attenuated live PEDV vaccines and pathogenic circulating PEDV strains. Our findings also highlight that the 49-bp deletion of the ORF3 gene in low pathogenic attenuated vaccine strains will no longer be a reliable standard to differentiate the classical vaccine attenuated from the field strains.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of the spike gene of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in Mexico, 2013–2016

Virus Genes ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Lara-Romero ◽  
Luis Gómez-Núñez ◽  
José Luis Cerriteño-Sánchez ◽  
Laura Márquez-Valdelamar ◽  
Susana Mendoza-Elvira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

scholarly journals Molecular Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Isolated in Some Areas of China in 2015–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyang Yu ◽  
Yanling Liu ◽  
Shuangyun Wang ◽  
Leyi Zhang ◽  
Pengshuai Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Since 2010, Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused severe diarrhea disease in piglets in China, resulting in large economic losses. To understand the genetic characteristics of the PEDV strains that circulated in some provinces of China between 2015 and 2018, 375 samples of feces and small intestine were collected from pigs and tested. One hundred seventy-seven samples tested positive and the PEDV-positive rate was 47.20%. A phylogenetic tree analysis based on the entire S gene showed that these strains clustered into four subgroups, GI-a, GI-b, GII-a, and GII-b, and that the GII-b strains have become dominant in recent years. Compared with previous strains, these strains have multiple variations in the SP and S1-NTD domains and in the neutralizing epitopes of the S protein. We also successfully isolated and identified a new virulent GII-b strain, GDgh16, which is well-adapted to Vero cells and caused a high mortality rate in piglets in challenge experiments. Our study clarifies the genetic characteristics of the prevalent PEDV strains in parts of China, and suggests that the development of effective novel vaccines is both necessary and urgent.

scholarly journals Successive Passage In Vitro Led to Lower Virulence and Higher Titer of A Variant Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengwei Zhao ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Jiang Yu ◽  
Rongzhi Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
S Gene ◽  
Successive Passage ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

A highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) appeared in China and spread rapidly to neighbor countries, which have led to great economic losses to the pig industry. In the present study, we isolated a PEDV using Vero cells and serially propagated 100 passages. PEDV SDSX16 was characterized in vitro and in vivo. The viral titers increased to 107.6 TCID50/mL (100th) by serial passages. The spike (S) gene and the whole gene of the SDSX16 virus was fully sequenced to assess the genetic stability and relatedness to previously identified PEDV. Along with successive passage in vitro, there were 18 nucleotides (nt) deletion occurred in the spike (S) gene resulting in a deletion of six amino acids when the SDSX16 strain was passaged to the 64th generation, and this deletion was stable until the P100. However, the ORF1a/b, M, N, E, and ORF3 genes had only a few point mutations in amino acids and no deletions. According to growth kinetics experiments, the SDSX16 deletion strain significantly enhanced its replication in Vero cells since it was passaged to the 64th generation. The animal studies showed that PEDV SDSX16-P10 caused more severe diarrhea and vomiting, fecal shedding, and acute atrophic enteritis than SDSX16-P75, indicating that SDSX16-P10 is enteropathogenic in the natural host, and the pathogenicity of SDSX16 decreased with successive passage in vitro. However, SDSX16-P10 was found to cause lower levels of cytokine expression than SDSX16-P75 using real-time PCR and flow cytometry, such as IL1β, IL6, IFN-β, TNF-α, indicating that SDSX16-P10 might inhibit the expression of cytokines. Our data indicated that successive passage in vitro resulted in virulent attenuation in vivo of the PEDV variant strain SDSX16.

scholarly journals Detection and Molecular Diversity of Spike Gene of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in China

Viruses ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2601-2613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfei Chen ◽  
Xiaozhen Liu ◽  
Da Shi ◽  
Hongyan Shi ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Epidemiology and phylogeny of spike gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus from Yunnan, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingwei Zuo ◽  
Ru Zhao ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Lingyun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea
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