scholarly journals Here, There, and Everywhere: The Wide Host Range and Geographic Distribution of Zoonotic Orthopoxviruses

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Natalia Ingrid Oliveira Silva ◽  
Jaqueline Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Erna Geessien Kroon ◽  
Giliane de Souza Trindade ◽  
Betânia Paiva Drumond
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Viral Dissemination ◽  
Wide Host Range ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Vaccinia Viruses

The global emergence of zoonotic viruses, including poxviruses, poses one of the greatest threats to human and animal health. Forty years after the eradication of smallpox, emerging zoonotic orthopoxviruses, such as monkeypox, cowpox, and vaccinia viruses continue to infect humans as well as wild and domestic animals. Currently, the geographical distribution of poxviruses in a broad range of hosts worldwide raises concerns regarding the possibility of outbreaks or viral dissemination to new geographical regions. Here, we review the global host ranges and current epidemiological understanding of zoonotic orthopoxviruses while focusing on orthopoxviruses with epidemic potential, including monkeypox, cowpox, and vaccinia viruses.

Platypus quercivorus. [Distribution map].

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Platypus Quercivorus ◽  
Wide Host Range ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Platypus quercivorus (Murayama). Coleoptera: Platypodidae. Hosts: Wide host range but especially Quercus spp. and other Fagaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (India, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Japan, Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Ryukyu Islands, Shikoku, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam).

scholarly journals A Reevaluation of the Host Range and Geographical Distribution of Claviceps Species in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Alderman ◽  
Richard R. Halse ◽  
James F. White
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Temperate Grasslands ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Archived Specimens

A listing of host and state reports and distribution maps for 11 taxa of Claviceps occurring in the United States, including C. africana, C. cinerea, C. grohii, C. nigricans, C. paspali, C. pusilla, C. purpurea var. purpurea and var. spartinae, C. tripsaci, C. yanagawensis, and C. zizaniae, was prepared based on literature citations and examination of specimens from herbaria. The occurrence of C. ranunculoides is questioned based on examination of conidia and sclerotia from archived specimens. Collections of C. purpurea var. purpurea from grasses in the Pani-coideae were referred to other Claviceps spp. based on occurrence of macroconidia and micro-conidia. C. purpurea var. purpurea was found on 165 grass species within the continental United States and Alaska. The size of conidia of C. purpurea var. purpurea was found to be relatively stable across host and geographical regions. However, conidia of C. purpurea var. purpurea from hosts in the Aveneae and Meliceae (generally associated with wet habitats) were more variable in size and generally larger than those from other tribes in the Pooideae. Claviceps spp. in the continental United States occurred in diverse habitats, including temperate grasslands of the middle to northern latitudes (C. purpurea var. purpurea, C. nigricans) to the middle to southern latitudes (C. pusilla), coastal habitats (C. purpurea var. spartinae, C. ziza-niae), northern wetlands (C. grohii), southern temperate to subtropical grasslands (C. africana, C. paspali, C. tripsaci, C. yanagawensis), and arid southwestern grasslands (C. cinerea).

Mycocentrospora acerina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Wide Host Range ◽  
Water Borne

Abstract A description is provided for Mycocentrospora acerina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A very wide host range (29, 364); parsley, celery, carrot and parsnip are among the most important economically. DISEASE: Pansy leaf spot; celery storage rot; root rot, canker and black crown rot of parsnip; liquorice rot of carrot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (UK, Ireland, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Netherlands, Poland, Rumania, USSR, Denmark); N. America (USA, Canada); Australia, New Zealand. TRANSMISSION By splash dispersed conidia; these are viable for short periods only (26, 133). Survival for longer periods is by infected debris and chlamydospores in the soil (23, 324; 45, 681; 52, 899). Water-borne spread is possible (49, 1526) and transmission on pansy seeds has been demonstrated (51, 422).

Thielaviopsis basicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Wide Host Range ◽  
Sunn Hemp

Abstract A description is provided for Thielaviopsis basicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide host range attacking plants in over fifteen families, primarily belonging to the Leguminosae (groundnut, soyabean, Lespedeza, clover, alfalfa, cowpea, lupin, sunn hemp, bean), Solanaceae (tobacco) and Cucurbitaceae; also from Citrus roots. DISEASES: Causes black root rot in tobacco and many other crops (see above). Recent reports suggest that it may be a serious pathogen on Citrus roots (39: 411; 42: 263, 761). Many species of Nicotiana are susceptible and some are considered resistant or immune (Johnson, 1916, J. agric. Res. 7: 289-300; 50: 248). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (S. Africa, Egypt), Asia (Persia, Japan, India, Indonesia); Australasia (Australia, N. Zealand), Europe (Bulgaria, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Rumania, Switzerland, U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia), N., C. and S. America. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne; the pathogen is a soil inhabitant capable of prolonged saprophytic survival in soils.

scholarly journals The status of tularemia in Europe in a one-health context: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 2137-2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. HESTVIK ◽  
E. WARNS-PETIT ◽  
L. A. SMITH ◽  
N. J. FOX ◽  
H. UHLHORN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Arthropod Vectors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Public Health Hazards ◽  
Potential Public Health

SUMMARYThe bacteriumFrancisella tularensiscauses the vector-borne zoonotic disease tularemia, and may infect a wide range of hosts including invertebrates, mammals and birds. Transmission to humans occurs through contact with infected animals or contaminated environments, or through arthropod vectors. Tularemia has a broad geographical distribution, and there is evidence which suggests local emergence or re-emergence of this disease in Europe. This review was developed to provide an update on the geographical distribution ofF. tularensisin humans, wildlife, domestic animals and vector species, to identify potential public health hazards, and to characterize the epidemiology of tularemia in Europe. Information was collated on cases in humans, domestic animals and wildlife, and on reports of detection of the bacterium in arthropod vectors, from 38 European countries for the period 1992–2012. Multiple international databases on human and animal health were consulted, as well as published reports in the literature. Tularemia is a disease of complex epidemiology that is challenging to understand and therefore to control. Many aspects of this disease remain poorly understood. Better understanding is needed of the epidemiological role of animal hosts, potential vectors, mechanisms of maintenance in the different ecosystems, and routes of transmission of the disease.

scholarly journals Tracing the origins of SARS-COV-2 in coronavirus phylogenies: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 769-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwan Sallard ◽  
José Halloy ◽  
Didier Casane ◽  
Etienne Decroly ◽  
Jacques van Helden
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Scientific Policy ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Viral Dissemination ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Intensive Breeding

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is a new human coronavirus (CoV), which emerged in China in late 2019 and is responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic that caused more than 97 million infections and 2 million deaths in 12 months. Understanding the origin of this virus is an important issue, and it is necessary to determine the mechanisms of viral dissemination in order to contain future epidemics. Based on phylogenetic inferences, sequence analysis and structure–function relationships of coronavirus proteins, informed by the knowledge currently available on the virus, we discuss the different scenarios on the origin—natural or synthetic—of the virus. The data currently available are not sufficient to firmly assert whether SARS-CoV2 results from a zoonotic emergence or from an accidental escape of a laboratory strain. This question needs to be solved because it has important consequences on the risk/benefit balance of our interactions with ecosystems, on intensive breeding of wild and domestic animals, on some laboratory practices and on scientific policy and biosafety regulations. Regardless of COVID-19 origin, studying the evolution of the molecular mechanisms involved in the emergence of pandemic viruses is essential to develop therapeutic and vaccine strategies and to prevent future zoonoses. This article is a translation and update of a French article published in Médecine/Sciences, August/September 2020 (10.1051/medsci/2020123).

Host range and geographic distribution of pangola stunt virus and its planthopper vectors in Australia

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 819 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Teakle ◽  
S Hicks ◽  
M Karan ◽  
JB Hacker ◽  
RS Greber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Digitaria Eriantha

Natural hosts of pangola stunt virus (PaSV) in eastern Austalia were found to be Digitaria eriantha ssp. pentzii (pangola grass), D. ciliaris (summer grass) and D. milanjiana. Transmission tests using the planthopper vector, Sogatella kolophon, showed that D. polevansii, D. eriantha ssp. eriantha, D. swazilandensis and the Australian native, D. divaricatissima were also susceptible, whereas D. didactyla was not infected. In tests of 22 species in 15 other genera, only Urochloa panicoides (annual urochloa grass) was infected. In field surveys, PaSV was commonly found in pangola grass in near-coastal districts from Grafton, N.S.W. to Walkamin, N. Qld and was detected up to 100 km inland at Toowoomba. The virus was not detected in either pangola grass or D. eriantha ssp. eriantha in subhumid areas west of Toowoomba or at Gayndah. Sogatella kolophon was collected from Bamaga, N. Qld to Murwillumbah, N.S.W. It was commonly associated with both PaSV-infected and PaSV-free digitgrass pastures. It is concluded that PaSV poses a threat to many digitgrasses in near-coastal districts of Qld and subtropical N.S.W., but so far is unknown in inland Australia.

Disentangling Astraea lobata: three new names in Astraea based on previous varieties of Croton lobatus (Euphorbiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 317 (4) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
OTÁVIO LUIS MARQUES DA SILVA ◽  
INÊS CORDEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Wide Geographical Distribution ◽  
As Species

Within Astraea Klotzsch (1841: 194), Astraea lobata (Linnaeus 1753: 1005) Klotzsch (1841: 194) may be considered the most taxonomically complex species due to its wide geographical distribution and the several varieties that have been proposed for this species by Müller Argoviensis (1866, 1874). In his concept, Müller Argoviensis (1866) united under Croton lobatus Linnaeus (1753: 1005) plants with 3–5-partite leaves almost as long as the petioles, subulate stipules, the bracts not well developed and ovaries with varied indumentum. In De Candolles’s Prodromus, Müller Argoviensis (1866) recognized eight varieties, maintaining this concept in the Flora Brasiliensis (Müller Argoviensis 1874) with few modifications. Morphological characters and geographical distribution support the recognition of some of these varieties as species distinct from A. lobata. As part of an undergoing taxonomic revision of Astraea, these distinct taxa must be validly published for further studies on this genus. Therefore, in this note we propose these novelties with commentaries about morphology and geographic distribution, along with photos to illustrate them and lectotypifications when necessary.

Detection and Identification of Botrytis Species Associated with Neck Rot, Scape Blight, and Umbel Blight of Onion

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin I. Chilvers ◽  
Lindsey J. du Toit
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Methods Of Isolation

Diagnosis of detection and identification of Botrytis species associated with neck rot, scape blight, and umbel blight of onion are discussed in detail, including the disease's symptoms and signs, host range, taxonomy, and geographic distribution, as well as methods of isolation, identification (including macroscopic vs. microscopic characteristics), and storage of the pathogens. Accepted for publication 7 August 2006. Published 27 November 2006.

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