Host range and geographic distribution of pangola stunt virus and its planthopper vectors in Australia

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 819 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Teakle ◽  
S Hicks ◽  
M Karan ◽  
JB Hacker ◽  
RS Greber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Digitaria Eriantha

Natural hosts of pangola stunt virus (PaSV) in eastern Austalia were found to be Digitaria eriantha ssp. pentzii (pangola grass), D. ciliaris (summer grass) and D. milanjiana. Transmission tests using the planthopper vector, Sogatella kolophon, showed that D. polevansii, D. eriantha ssp. eriantha, D. swazilandensis and the Australian native, D. divaricatissima were also susceptible, whereas D. didactyla was not infected. In tests of 22 species in 15 other genera, only Urochloa panicoides (annual urochloa grass) was infected. In field surveys, PaSV was commonly found in pangola grass in near-coastal districts from Grafton, N.S.W. to Walkamin, N. Qld and was detected up to 100 km inland at Toowoomba. The virus was not detected in either pangola grass or D. eriantha ssp. eriantha in subhumid areas west of Toowoomba or at Gayndah. Sogatella kolophon was collected from Bamaga, N. Qld to Murwillumbah, N.S.W. It was commonly associated with both PaSV-infected and PaSV-free digitgrass pastures. It is concluded that PaSV poses a threat to many digitgrasses in near-coastal districts of Qld and subtropical N.S.W., but so far is unknown in inland Australia.

Detection and Identification of Botrytis Species Associated with Neck Rot, Scape Blight, and Umbel Blight of Onion

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin I. Chilvers ◽  
Lindsey J. du Toit
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Methods Of Isolation

Diagnosis of detection and identification of Botrytis species associated with neck rot, scape blight, and umbel blight of onion are discussed in detail, including the disease's symptoms and signs, host range, taxonomy, and geographic distribution, as well as methods of isolation, identification (including macroscopic vs. microscopic characteristics), and storage of the pathogens. Accepted for publication 7 August 2006. Published 27 November 2006.

scholarly journals Implementing new northernmost records to modelling the distribution of Hypsiboas caingua (Anura: Hylidae) in South America

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 854-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Delatorre ◽  
TS Vasconcelos ◽  
NL Cunha ◽  
FI Martins ◽  
FH Oda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects

New northwestern records of the striped treefrog Hypsiboas caingua (Carrizo, 1991 “1990”) are presented for Brazil, extending its known geographic distribution approximately 115 km northward (linear distance) of the previous northernmost record of the species. In all new localities, individuals of H. caingua were only found in calling activity under temperatures below 18°C. The species appears to be associated with Atlantic Forest, although it had already been recorded in Cerrado. Although the scientific literature data suggests that H. caingua presents discontinuous geographical distribution, three methods of distribution modelling based on climatic data show that the species' distribution is continuous. The gap in the distribution may be related to the lack of field surveys in the regions that connect these populations, especially in colder periods. Nevertheless, factors other than climate might also be responsible for the current distribution of H. caingua, since the species was absent in well-surveyed sites situated between the areas of modeled distribution. Therefore, further studies on natural history, populations' genetic structure, and geographic distribution models implementing factors other than climate will be important to elucidate some ecological and evolutionary aspects of the distribution of H. caingua in South America.

Hosts of Amblyomma dissimile Koch, 1844 and Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2541 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERTO A. GUGLIELMONE ◽  
SANTIAGO NAVA
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Trachemys Scripta ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Boa Constrictor ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Natural Hosts

Host records of Amblyomma dissimile Koch, 1844 and Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844 from the literature were critically reviewed. A total of 417 records on 101 species of tetrapods, and 193 records in 74 species of tetrapods were determined for A. dissimile and A. rotundatum, respectively. Aves have been found only once infested with A. dissimile. This tick has been detected on four species of Bufonidae, while A. rotundatum has been recorded on 13 species from six families of Anura. Crocodilia has been recorded infested by A. rotundatum (captive host, one species) and A. dissimile (two species). Sixteen species of Mammalia from ten families and eight species from eight families have been found infested with A. dissimile and A. rotundatum, including humans, respectively. A total of 63 species of Squamata (10 families) were found infested with A. dissimile, while the corresponding numbers for A. rotundatum are 45 species in nine families. A total of 15 species of Testudines (four families) and nine species (three families) have been found infested with A. dissimile and A. rotundatum, respectively. When infestation on captive and laboratory hosts were excluded from the analysis the number of species naturally infested with A. dissimile diminished to 88 and 58 for A. rotundatum. However, natural hosts infested with larvae, nymphs and adults of A. dissimile are Bufo marinus (Linnaeus), Bufo peltocephalus Tschudi, Proechimys semispinosus (Tomes), Boa constrictor Linnaeus, Epicrates striatus (Fischer), Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler), Cyclura cychlura (Cuvier), Iguana iguana (Linnaeus), Tupinambis teguixin (Linnaeus) and Trachemys scripta (Thunberg), but the commonest hosts harbouring all parasitic stages are B. marinus, B. constrictor and I. iguana. Hosts for all parasitic stages of A. rotundatum are B. marinus, Bufo schneideri Werner and B. constrictor, although records on B. marinus are considerably higher than the records on the other two hosts. The contribution of sheep and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus) as hosts of A. dissimile, and Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus as host of A. rotundatum, were overestimated in previous studies. The ample host-range of these tick species may partly explain their wide distribution from southern U.S.A. to northern Argentina, but there are also chances that more than one species are represented under the names A. dissimile and A. rotundatum.

Nematodes and cestodes of rodents in South Africa: baseline data on diversity and geographic distribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Spickett ◽  
K. Junker ◽  
G. Froeschke ◽  
V. Haukisalmi ◽  
S. Matthee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Abstract Currently, descriptive information on the host range and geographic distribution of helminth parasites associated with naturally occurring rodents in South and southern Africa is scant. Therefore, we embarked on a countrywide study to: (1) identify gastrointestinal helminths and their host range, and (2) provide baseline data on the geographic distribution of helminths across the country. Altogether, 55 helminth taxa were recovered from at least 13 rodent species (n = 1030) at 26 localities across South Africa. The helminth taxa represented 25 genera (15 nematodes, nine cestodes and one acanthocephalan). Monoxenous nematodes were the most abundant and prevalent group, while the occurrence of heteroxenous nematodes and cestodes was generally lower. The study recorded several novel helminth–host associations. Single-host-species infections were common, although multiple-host-species infections by helminth species were also recorded. Monoxenous nematodes and some cestodes were recovered countrywide, whereas heteroxenous nematodes were restricted to the eastern regions of South Africa. The study highlights the as yet unexplored diversity of helminth species associated with naturally occurring rodent species and provides initial data on their geographical distribution in South Africa.

Host range and geographic distribution of Armillaria root rot pathogens in the Canadian prairie provinces

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1859-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Mallett
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Armillaria Root Rot ◽  
Armillaria Species ◽  
Prairie Provinces

A survey to identify Armillaria root rot pathogens, their host range, and geographic distribution was conducted in the Canadian prairie provinces. Collections of basidiocarps and isolates from the wood of gymptomatic or dead trees were made. Armillaria species were identified by interfertility testing and by the L-DOPA method. Three Armillaria species, A. ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink, A. sinapina Bérubé & Dessureault, and A. calvescens Bérubé & Dessureault, were identified. Armillariaostoyae was the most common species in both the subalpine and boreal forests and was found on a wide variety of coniferous and deciduous host species. Armillariasinapina was in both the boreal and subalpine forests but occurred primarily on deciduous host species. Armillariacalvescens was rare and was found only in the boreal forest on both coniferous and deciduous host species.

Exploration of the Use of the “Bialaphos Genes” for Improving Bioherbicide Efficacy

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Charudattan ◽  
V. J. Prange ◽  
J. T. Devalerio
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Plasmid Vector ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Normal Expression ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Rot Disease

We are studying the possibility of altering the virulence and host range of a phytopathogen by transferring and expressing certain genes from the soil-dwelling saprophyte,Streptomyces hygroscopicus, in a plant pathogen model,Xanthomonas campestrispv.campestris(XCC). The genes, referred to herein as the “bialaphos genes,” encode the production of bialaphos, a potent glutamine-synthetase-inhibiting herbicide. This cluster of genes was originally isolated from several biosynthetically blocked mutants ofS. hygroscopicusand constructed into a plasmid vector, pBG9. We have transferred a fragment of the gene cluster into pLAFR3, a plasmid that functions in bothEscherichia coliand XCC and contains a tetracycline resistance marker. The resulting plasmid, named pIL-1, was used to transformE. coliand was incorporated into XCC by conjugation. The transfer of the fragment was confirmed by Southern analysis. The genes were maintained in XCC for about 47 generations in the absence of selection for tetracycline, and no changes in cultural phenotypes were seen in the transformed XCC (XCC/pIL-1). The XCC/pIL-1 cells were pathogenic to their natural hosts cabbage and broccoli, but induced an altered hypersensitive response in the nonhosts bean, pepper, sunflower, and tobacco. The pathogenic host-reaction, induced by the parent XCC, XCC/pLAFR3, and XCC/pIL-1, was a typical black rot disease in inoculated leaves of the two hosts. The nonhost reaction on the nonhost leaves was necrotic hypersensitivity, induced by XCC and XCC/pLAFR3, or the inhibition of hypersensitivity accompanied by only chlorosis at sites inoculated with XCC/pIL-1. We hypothesize that the altered hypersensitivity phenotype may be due to the transformed XCC becoming more compatible with the nonhosts, a step toward acquiring nonhost-virulence, or due to disruption of the normal expression of the hypersensitivity and pathogenicity genes in the transformed XCC. More work is needed to confirm that the introduced genes are being expressed in XCC. With further understanding, this approach may provide a useful model to study host range, virulence, and strain improvement of plant pathogens for biological control of weeds.

Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Lethal Bronzing Associated with Phytoplasma Subgroup 16SrIV-D on Palms in Southern Louisiana

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-355
Author(s):  
Mary Helen Ferguson ◽  
Raghuwinder Singh ◽  
Madeline Cook ◽  
Timothy Burks ◽  
Kevin Ong
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Canary Island ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Phoenix Canariensis ◽  
Sabal Palmetto ◽  
City Park

Lethal bronzing (LB), also previously known as date palm lethal decline or Texas Phoenix palm decline, associated with phytoplasma subgroup 16SrIV-D, was first identified in Louisiana in December 2013. A survey of palms showed that the disease was not only confined to City Park in New Orleans, where it was first detected, but is present in other parts of Orleans Parish, as well as two adjacent parishes. Canary Island date palms (Phoenix canariensis) tested positive at the highest frequency, and some edible date palms (P. dactylifera) and a small proportion of cabbage palms (Sabal palmetto) tested positive as well. Symptoms do not appear to be a reliable indicator of LB, because a substantial proportion of palms indicated as symptomatic tested negative. Furthermore, not all infected palms showed symptoms. Since the palm survey conducted in 2015 to 2016, LB has positively been identified from silver date palm (P. sylvestris) and Chinese windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) in three additional parishes in Louisiana.

Geographic distribution, host range and perennation of Cotesia sesamiae and Cotesia flavipes Cameron in cultivated and natural habitats in Kenya

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duna Madu Mailafiya ◽  
Bruno Pierre Le Ru ◽  
Eunice Waitherero Kairu ◽  
Paul-André Calatayud ◽  
Stéphane Dupas
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Cotesia Flavipes ◽  
Cotesia Sesamiae ◽  
Natural Habitats

scholarly journals Virulence factors and molecular characteristics of Shigella flexneri isolated from calves with diarrhea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhu ◽  
Weiwei Wang ◽  
Mingze Cao ◽  
Guanhui Liu ◽  
Xuzheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Local Strains ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Natural Hosts

Abstract Background The natural hosts of Shigella are conventionally humans and other primates; however, the host range of Shigella has been shown to expand to many animals. Although Shigella is becoming a huge threat to animals, there is limited information on the genetic background of local strains. The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of virulence factors and the molecular characteristics of S. flexneri isolated from calves with diarrhea. Results Fifty-four S. flexneri isolates possessed four typical biochemical characteristics of Shigella. The prevalences of ipaH, virA, ipaBCD, ial, sen, set1A, set1B and stx were 100%, 100%, 77.78%, 79.63%, 48.15%, 48.15% and 0, respectively. MLVA based on 8 VNTR loci discriminated the isolates into 39 different MTs, PFGE based on NotI digestion divided the 54 isolates into 31 PTs, and MLST based on 15 housekeeping genes differentiated the isolates into 7 STs. Conclusion Our findings of this study have enriched our knowledge of the molecular characteristics of S. flexneri collected from diarrheal calves, which will be important for addressing clinical and epidemiological issues regarding Shigellosis.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Host Range of Ascochyta Phaseolorum in Queensland

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
JLA lcorn
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Host Range ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Wide Host Range ◽  
Natural Hosts

The presence of Ascochyta phaseolorum as a pathogen of Phaseolus vulgaris in Queensland is reported. The fungus has been found to have a wide host range including vegetable crops, pastures, weeds, and indigenous species. Natural infections were found in 48 hosts in 14 families, and an additional 12 species proved susceptible when inoculated experimentally. Pathogenicity of isolates from French bean towards many of the natural hosts has been demonstrated, and in reciprocal inoculations cultures from field�infected hosts produced symptoms on bean typical of those produced by bean isolates. The fungus is shown to be a weak parasite, requiring some form of wounding to initiate infection under Queensland conditions.

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