scholarly journals Commercial PRRS Modified-Live Virus Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Chanhee Chae
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Reproductive Failure ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Prrs Virus ◽  
The North ◽  
Field Virus ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
European Genotype

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) presents one of the challenging viral pathogens in the global pork industry. PRRS is characterized by two distinct clinical presentations; reproductive failure in breeding animals (gilts, sows, and boars), and respiratory disease in growing pigs. PRRSV is further divided into two species: PRRSV-1 (formerly known as the European genotype 1) and PRRSV-2 (formerly known as the North American genotype 2). A PRRSV-2 modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine was first introduced in North America in 1994, and, six years later, a PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine was also introduced in Europe. Since then, MLV vaccination is the principal strategy used to control PRRSV infection. Despite the fact that MLV vaccines have shown some efficacy, they were problematic as the efficacy of vaccine was often unpredictable and depended highly on the field virus. This paper focused on the efficacy of commercially available MLV vaccines at a global level based on respiratory disease in growing pigs, and maternal and paternal reproductive failure in breeding animals.

scholarly journals 15 Host genetics of antibody response to PRRS vaccination and infection in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
Megan Neveau ◽  
Leticia P Sanglard ◽  
Jack C Dekkers ◽  
Erin Little ◽  
Scott A Dee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Prrs Virus ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Antibody response to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) vaccination and infection has been shown to be highly heritable in gilts and sows. This trait, measured as sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio, has been proposed as a selection tool for improved reproductive performance in sows. However, this novel trait has not yet been explored in growing pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for S/P in PRRS-challenged nursery pigs. A total of 854 PRRS-naïve crossbred barrows and gilts (51.9±4.8 d and 17.8±4.6 kg) were randomly allocated to 54 pens in two rooms and vaccinated with a modified live virus PRRS vaccine. Twenty-eight days later (d0), all animals were experimentally inoculated with a highly virulent strain of PRRS virus. Body weight (BW), S/P, and clinical signs of disease were recorded at this time and again at d13. Average daily gain (ADG) was calculated and used in combination with clinical signs to create two distinct groups, robust (R) and susceptible (S), with ~230 animals each. At d42, S/P was measured only in these classified animals. Genetic parameters and effect of classification were estimated for S/P for each collection day. Heritability estimates for S/P were 0.07±0.06, 0.52±0.09, and 0.43±0.28, for d0, d13, and d42, respectively. Genetic correlation estimates were high between collection days, ranging from 0.91±0.31 (d0 and d42) to 0.98±0.03 (d13 and d42). There was an effect of classification for S/P only at d13 (P=0.024), with R showing greater S/P (1.7±0.03) than S (1.64±0.03). These results indicate that, in PRRS-challenged growing pigs, S/P is highly heritable at later collection days, and differences in S/P exist between robust and susceptible animals.

scholarly journals Porcine Reproducive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) and secondary co-infections: New aspects, economic impact and update situation in Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. PAPATSIROS (Β.Γ. ΠΑΠΑΤΣΙΡΟΣ) ◽  
C. ALEXOPOULOS (Κ. ΑΛΕΞΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) ◽  
S. C. KYRIAKIS (Σ.Κ. ΚΥΡΙΑΚΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Prrs Virus ◽  
The Cost

The clinical manifestations of PRRS virus infection vary from subclinical to severe reproductive failure and/or respiratory disease. Severity of PRRS virus associated disease may result from interactions among factors involving differences in virulence among PRRS virus isolates, probable recombination between the different isolates that are responsible for the clinical manifestation of PRRS in the same farm, differences in concurrent infections (other viruses and bacteria) and hygiene monitoring programme. It is known that viruses and bacteria interacted and the most common model of this interaction is that pathogens bacteria complicate the lesions that are due to viruses. PRRS virus induces predisposition to Streptococcus suis in nursery age pigs and increases susceptibility to Salmonella choleraesuis, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Furthermore, PRRS virus is involved in aetiology and predispose to appearance of Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) and Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome (PDNS). The respiratory form of PRRS co-infection with Aujeszky' disease causes severe losses in swine herds due to respiratory problems. In cases of PRRS co-infections with other agents, the cost of pork meat production is raised from the treatments and other special management strategies. Up to date, in Greece, PRRS is appeared with the enzootic form (independendy of the season) with elevations and declines. In Greek swine industry, PRRS virus is involved as primary pathogen agent in cautions of mortality of growing/finishing pigs. During the last years, the presence of the new syndromes of PRDC, PMWS and PDNS causes additional economical losses and increases the cost of Greek pork meat production. The unpublished data of editors indicate that during last year, PRRS caused severe losses in Greek swine industry. Cases of PRRS were noticed in farms which purchased gilts or piglets without keeping out preventive facilities of biosecurity as quarantine, serology examinations etc. The syndrome was appeared with the respiratory form in growing/finishing pigs associated with severe losses, due to the entrance of «new» different isolates of PRRS virus from the purchase of gilts or piglets. It is probably that these «new» different isolates were more virulent than the preexisted isolates or/and predominated with them. In cases, where severe respiratory signs in growing/finishing pigs and no or moderate reproductive form of PRRS were noticed, it is probable that the vaccinations of sows against PRRS did not protect the growing/finishing pigs or the «new» different isolates of PRRS virus had more respiratory than reproductive tropism or coexistenced in all earlier circumstances. Today, PRRS is a dangerous risk factor for the Greek swine industry and for this reason it is important to apply all preventive facilities as: vaccinations, reduction of the introduction gilts and maintenance of a grandparent nucleus in the farm for producing gilts, quarantine and serological monitoring for all introduced animals (gilts and piglets), as well as the purchase of animals from PRRS-negative farms. The purchase of piglets has to be avoided because it induces negative effects on the clinical manifestation and control of PRRS.

scholarly journals Detection of selected viral pathogens in dogs with canine infectious respiratory disease in Austria

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 594-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hiebl ◽  
A. Auer ◽  
G. Bagrinovschi ◽  
M. Stejskal ◽  
R. Hirt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Viral Pathogens

scholarly journals Impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on muscle metabolism of growing pigs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 3213-3227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma T Helm ◽  
Shelby M Curry ◽  
Carson M De Mille ◽  
Wesley P Schweer ◽  
Eric R Burrough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Viral Challenge ◽  
Prrs Virus ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus is one of the most economically significant pig pathogens worldwide. However, the metabolic explanation for reductions in tissue accretion observed in growing pigs remains poorly defined. Additionally, PRRS virus challenge is often accompanied by reduced feed intake, making it difficult to discern which effects are virus vs. feed intake driven. To account for this, a pair-fed model was employed to examine the effects of PRRS challenge and nutrient restriction on skeletal muscle and liver metabolism. Forty-eight pigs were randomly selected (13.1 ± 1.97 kg BW) and allotted to 1 of 3 treatments (n = 16 pigs/treatment): 1) PRRS naïve, ad libitum fed (Ad), 2) PRRS-inoculated, ad libitum fed (PRRS+), and 3) PRRS naïve, pair-fed to the PRRS-inoculated pigs’ daily feed intake (PF). At days postinoculation (dpi) 10 and 17, 8 pigs per treatment were euthanized and tissues collected. Tissues were assayed for markers of proteolysis (LM only), protein synthesis (LM only), oxidative stress (LM only), gluconeogenesis (liver), and glycogen concentrations (LM and liver). Growth performance, feed intake, and feed efficiency were all reduced in both PRRS+ and PF pigs compared with Ad pigs (P < 0.001). Furthermore, growth performance and feed efficiency were additionally reduced in PRRS+ pigs compared with PF pigs (P < 0.05). Activity of most markers of LM proteolysis (μ-calpain, 20S proteasome, and caspase 3/7) was not increased (P > 0.10) in PRRS+ pigs compared with Ad pigs, although activity of m-calpain was increased in PRRS+ pigs compared with Ad pigs (P = 0.025) at dpi 17. Muscle reactive oxygen species production was not increased (P > 0.10) in PRRS+ pigs compared with Ad pigs. However, phosphorylation of protein synthesis markers was decreased in PRRS+ pigs compared with both Ad (P < 0.05) and PF (P < 0.05) pigs. Liver gluconeogenesis was not increased as a result of PRRS; however, liver glycogen was decreased (P < 0.01) in PRRS+ pigs compared with Ad and PF pigs at both time points. Taken together, this work demonstrates the differential impact a viral challenge and nutrient restriction have on metabolism of growing pigs. Although markers of skeletal muscle proteolysis showed limited evidence of increase, markers of skeletal muscle synthesis were reduced during PRRS viral challenge. Furthermore, liver glycogenolysis seems to provide PRRS+ pigs with glucose needed to fuel the immune response during viral challenge.

scholarly journals The changing epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in North West England

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. SOPWITH ◽  
K. OSBORN ◽  
R. CHALMERS ◽  
M. REGAN
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Genotype 2

Between 1996 and 2000, rates of cryptosporidiosis in North West England were significantly higher than overall in England and Wales, particularly during the first half of each year. In addition, during the second quarter of each year in this period, up to 40% of all cases recorded in England and Wales were from the North West Region. In 2001, cryptosporidiosis dramatically decreased throughout the United Kingdom and the springtime excess of cases formerly seen in the North West was no longer apparent. This changed epidemiology was due to a decline in cases of Cryptosporidium parvum (formerly genotype 2), associated with zoonotic transmission. Although the initial loss of a spring peak of infection corresponded with the outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease throughout the United Kingdom, its continued absence relates to major structural changes in the North West public water supply. This study highlights the far-reaching public health benefit of local working relationships in addressing re-occurring disease issues.

Commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-2 modified live virus vaccine against heterologous single and dual Korean PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 (17) ◽  
pp. 485-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwoon Jeong ◽  
Seeun Kim ◽  
Changhoon Park ◽  
Kee Hwan Park ◽  
Ikjae Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Live Virus Vaccine ◽  
Ifn Γ

This study evaluated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-2 modified live virus (MLV) vaccine against heterologous single and dual challenge of Korean PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. Pigs were administered PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine intramuscularly at 21 days of age and inoculated intranasally with both genotypes at 56 days of age. Vaccination of pigs with PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine resulted in reduction of viral loads of both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 after heterologous single and dual challenge with PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. In addition, pigs vaccinated with PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine exhibited higher frequencies of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 specific interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC) and showed a significant reduction in lung lesions and PRRSV nucleic acid within the lung lesions after single and dual challenge compared with unvaccinated challenged pigs. Taken together these results demonstrated that vaccination of pigs with PRRSV-2 is efficacious in protecting growing pigs from respiratory disease against heterologous single and dual PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Relevance of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus gJ Proteins That Are Expressed from Spliced and Nonspliced mRNAs

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 705-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Fuchs ◽  
Dorothee Wiesner ◽  
Jutta Veits ◽  
Jens P. Teifke ◽  
Thomas C. Mettenleiter
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Progeny Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Field Virus ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus

ABSTRACT The positional homologue in the infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) genome of the glycoprotein gJ gene of herpes simplex virus and the gp2 gene of equine herpesvirus 1 is expressed into four proteins of 85, 115, 160, and 200 kDa (J. Veits, B. Köllner, J. P. Teifke, H. Granzow, T. C. Mettenleiter, and W. Fuchs, Avian Dis. 47:330-342, 2003). RNA analyses revealed that these proteins are expressed from two different late (γ2) transcripts, an unspliced 5.5-kb and a spliced 4.3-kb mRNA that are translated into proteins of 985 and 611 amino acids, respectively. ILTV gJ is incorporated into virions and is modified by N- and O-linked glycosylation. After cotransfection of chicken cells with genomic DNA of a pathogenic ILTV strain and transfer plasmids, gJ-negative ILTV mutants could be isolated. In vitro growth studies demonstrated that deletion of the gJ gene has only minor effects on direct cell-to-cell spread as measured by plaque size. However, progeny virus titers of ILTV-ΔgJ were significantly reduced in comparison to those of the parental virus and a gJ rescue mutant. After experimental infection of chickens the gJ rescue mutant, like wild-type ILTV, caused severe disease and considerable mortality, whereas ILTV-ΔgJ was significantly attenuated. All immunized animals were protected against subsequent challenge infection with virulent ILTV. In sera collected after immunization with the gJ-rescue mutant or with wild-type ILTV, gJ-specific antibodies were detectable by immunofluorescence on cells that had been transfected with a gJ expression plasmid. As expected, no gJ-specific antibodies were found in sera obtained from chickens immunized with ILTV-ΔgJ. Thus, gJ deletion mutants of ILTV might be usable as attenuated live-virus vaccines. Furthermore, the gJ gene might constitute a reliable marker for serological discrimination between vaccinated and field virus-infected chickens.

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