scholarly journals Timely Birth Dose Vaccine to Prevent Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B: A Single Center Experience on the Road to the WHO Elimination Goals in Italy

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 801
Author(s):  
Michele Pinon ◽  
Laura Giugliano ◽  
Emanuele Nicastro ◽  
Omar Kakaa ◽  
Alessandra Coscia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
The Road ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Active Viral Replication ◽  
Birth Dose ◽  
On The Road

Italy was one of the first industrialized countries to implement a program of routine vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, currently, no HBV vaccine is administered at birth if the screened mother is HBsAg negative, whilst babies born to HBsAg positive mothers are given vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin, within 12–24 post-delivery hours. A single center retrospective analysis of policies and practices to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HBV was carried out, to evaluate their adherence to HBV care guidelines. Paired maternal-infant medical records for consecutive live births, between January 2015 and December 2019, were reviewed at the AOU Città della Salute e Scienza di Torino, where a total of 235/35,506 babies (0.7%) were born to HBsAg positive mothers. Markers of active viral replication, i.e., HBV DNA level and/or HBeAg, were reported in only 66/235 (28%) of the mothers’ medical records. All newborns had immunoprophylaxis at birth: 61% at <12 h, 31% between 12 and 24 h, 7% between 24 and 36 h and 1% at >36 h. In 2019, two cases of vertical HBV transmission occurred, despite timely immunoprophylaxis, as their mothers’ viral load was detected too late for antiviral prophylaxis. Missed early identification of pregnant women with high viremia levels or late vaccinations may contribute to perinatal HBV infection. Immunoprophylaxis should be given to babies born to HBsAg positive mothers at the latest within 12 h. In Italy, policies aimed at achieving the WHO 2030 goal of eliminating viral hepatitis should be further implemented.

Chemotherapy-induced Hepatitis B virus reactivation in HbsAg positive cancer patients: a single center experience

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orhan Onder Eren ◽  
Mehmet Artac ◽  
Melih Cem Boruban ◽  
Ozlem Yavas ◽  
Ugur Arslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Virus Reactivation ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Inferior graft survival of hepatitis B core positive grafts is not influenced by post-transplant hepatitis B infection in liver recipients-A 35-year single-center experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Brandl ◽  
Philipp Stolzlechner ◽  
Stephan Eschertzhuber ◽  
Felix Aigner ◽  
Sascha Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Single Center Experience

scholarly journals Ineffectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination in cirrhotic patients waiting for liver transplantation

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl b) ◽  
pp. 59B-63B ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Villeneuve ◽  
Jean Vincelette ◽  
Jean-Pierre Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
De Novo Hepatitis B ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Cirrhotic patients who undergo liver transplantation are at risk of acquiring de novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection at the time of transplantation. It is common practice to immunize these patients against HBV, but the efficacy of vaccination is uncertain. The response to vaccination with a recombinant HBV vaccine was examined in 49 patients with cirrhosis before liver transplantation. Patients received three doses (20 µg) of Engerix-B (SmithKline Beecham) at zero, one and two months before transplantation, and their response was measured on the day of liver transplantation (9.3±1.2 months after the initial dose of vaccine). Results were compared with those reported in healthy adults vaccinated according to the same schedule. Fourteen of 49 cirrhotic patients (28%) developed antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) levels of more than 10 U/L after vaccination compared with 97% of healthy controls. Four patients (8%) had anti-HBs levels of more than 100 U/L compared with 83% in healthy individuals. Mean anti-HBs titre in the 14 responders was 62 U/L compared with 348 U/L in controls. No factor was identified that predicted response to vaccination. One of 49 patients acquired de novo HBV infection at the time of liver transplantation. Current HBV vaccination of cirrhotic patients waiting for liver transplantation is ineffective, and new strategies need to be developed to increase the response rate.

scholarly journals Assessment of Immunization to Hepatitis B Vaccine among Children under Five Years in Rural Areas of Taiz, Yemen

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuad A. A. Alssamei ◽  
Najla A. Al-Sonboli ◽  
Fawzi A. Alkumaim ◽  
Nader S. Alsayaad ◽  
Mohammed S. Al-Ahdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Protective Response ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five

Background. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a major health problem worldwide. approximately 1 million deaths annually due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Objectives. This study was conducted to determine the coverage rate of HBV vaccine and assess the vaccine protective response among children under five years old in rural areas of Yemen. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2015 in four districts of countryside Yemen. The target population was children aged from 6 to 59 months. 227 children were enrolled in the study. Questionnaire was used to collect of data. Serum samples were tested for anti-HBs antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-HBs level ≥ 10 IU/L was considered a protective response to the vaccine. Results. The coverage rate of HBV vaccine among children was 87.3%. A total of 143 (72.2%) children responded to the vaccine with anti-HBs level ≥ 10 IU/L, while 55 (27.8%) of the children had nonprotective anti-HBs levels of <10 IU/L (P = 0.003). Conclusion. This study revealed a good coverage rate of HBV vaccine in rural areas but the protective rate against HBV infection was moderate. A considerable proportion of vaccinated children should be considered for either revaccination or booster doses.

scholarly journals The role of hepatitis B surface antibodies in HBV infection, disease and clearance

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-306
Author(s):  
Nadia Warner ◽  
Stephen Locarnini ◽  
Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Functional Cure ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Active Viral Replication ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Direct Acting

The clinical sequelae associated with chronic HBV infection is generally regarded as a consequence of an inadequate and inappropriate immune response to active viral replication, predominantly at the T-cell level. However, recent studies on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific B cells and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HB) responses have identified their previously unrecognized role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). These studies have also uncovered novel therapeutic approaches to more effectively target HBsAg loss and seroconversion, an important end point and regarded as a functional cure. Anti-HBs IgG has also been shown to have multiple direct acting antiviral roles with the Fab component directly blocking viral entry, and release while the Fc component has been linked to antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Likewise, the HBsAg-specific B-cell dysfunctionality can be reversed providing new therapeutic opportunities to achieve functional cure in CHB.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Infection and Mother-to-Child Transmission in Haiphong, Vietnam: A Cohort Study with Implications for Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Pham Minh Khue ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh ◽  
Vu Hai Vinh ◽  
Luu Vu Dung ◽  
Bang Nguyen Van
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Birth Dose ◽  
Mother To Child

Background. There is little data available on HBV infection and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in Vietnam. Objective. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of HBV infection and the current situation of MTCT in Haiphong, Vietnam. Methods. A transversal survey of 1721 pregnant women followed by an observational prospective cohort study of 183 HBV-infected women was conducted at Haiphong Gyneco-Obstetric Hospital. Women were followed up up to 12-month postpartum; use of prevention measures and the MTCT rate were evaluated. HBV infection in children was defined by a HBsAg-positive test at 12 months of age. Results. At baseline, 183 of 1721 pregnant women (10.6%) tested HBsAg positive. Among them, 23.0% were HBeAg positive, 26.2% had a detectable load of HBV DNA, and 13.1% had a HBV DNA load≥200,000 IU/mL. All women underwent MTCT prevention antiviral therapy. At delivery, 98.9% of newborns receive a HBV vaccine birth dose, and 82% received HBIG. At 12 months of age, 94.7% have received the scheduled HBV vaccines. Eight percent of infants born from followed-up women were HBsAg positive. The mother’s HBeAg-positive status was associated with a higher risk of HBV infection in infants. Conclusion. The HBV prevalence and MTCT rates are high in Haiphong. A strong national plan to increase the access to preventive measures and to monitor results is needed in order to decrease this prevalence.

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