scholarly journals iLDM: An Interoperable Graph-Based Local Dynamic Map

Vehicles ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Mikel García ◽  
Itziar Urbieta ◽  
Marcos Nieto ◽  
Javier González de Mendibil ◽  
Oihana Otaegui
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Local Dynamic ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Discovery Service ◽  
Static Data ◽  
Dynamic Map ◽  
Database Engine

Local dynamic map (LDM) is a key component in the future of autonomous and connected vehicles. An LDM serves as a local database with the necessary tools to have a common reference system for both static data (i.e., map information) and dynamic data (vehicles, pedestrians, etc.). The LDM should have a common and well-defined input system in order to be interoperable across multiple data sources such as sensor detections or V2X communications. In this work, we present an interoperable graph-based LDM (iLDM) using Neo4j as our database engine and OpenLABEL as a common data format. An analysis on data insertion and querying time to the iLDM is reported, including a vehicle discovery service function in order to test the capabilities of our work and a comparative analysis with other LDM implementations showing that our proposed iLDM outperformed in several relevant features, furthering its practical utilisation in advanced driver assistance system development.

scholarly journals IPv6 Modeling in E-ID Cards as Efficiency Efforts in the Population Registration Process

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akim Manaor Hara Pardede
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Birth Certificate ◽  
Birth Certificates ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Registration Process ◽  
Ipv6 Address ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Driver's License ◽  
Registration Number

In order to be registered in an institution / organization, each resident / community must register by providing identity data personally. When someone wants to be registered in an institution such as Birth Certificate, School, College, residence, Tax, BPJS, Bank, Driver Lisence, Passport and others, they must register and register one by one and have a registration number or account for each agency. It can be said that nowadays everyone is bothered with the registration process, starting from the time of birth they must register to be registered as residents, to enter the school must also register, this is felt to be ineffective and inefficient because one must continue to register one by one and redundancy have a registration number that is different for each agency. The presence of an electronic resident card (e-KTP) aims to make data collection easier and there is no double KTP number, but this is not yet maximal, there are still multiple KTP numbers, proven by many multiple data communities. Seeing these problems need to find a solution or an effort to ensure that the affairs of registration are not repeated and once up and the number is valid for all agencies. The presence of the latest technology namely IP v6 (Internet Protocol) brings the opportunity for the efficiency and effectiveness of the registration system, because IP v6 is able to provide numbers up to trillions addressing numbers. The objectives of this study are: 1) Designing an analytical model to build an IP V6 model on e-KTP registration. 2) Application of one IP v6 model on e-KTP registration using IPv6 IP address, once the child is born automatically has one registration number i.e. IPv6 address number, and the number applies to all agencies. The method used in this study is an exploration and modeling study of system development with NDLC to produce a model for building IP v6 implementation on e-KTP. The results of the study will show that the community has one registration number, namely IP v6, and the number is valid since the child is born and for all agencies such as birth certificates, e-KTP, Student Number, Passport, Driver’s License, Bank and others The results of the study that implemented IPv6 on numbering e-KTP with a total length of 128 bits, greatly facilitated citizens in terms of registration services because each resident only has one identification number will apply to all agencies, because there is no data repetition or data redundancy, one e-ID card can be applied to elementary schools, high schools, hospitals, BPJS, Driver’s License, passports and for communication addressing or IP addresses to be part of the e-KTP.

scholarly journals Multi-Hop Dynamic Map Data Propagation Algorithm for Clustered Vehicular Networks

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1728
Author(s):  
Odilbek Urmonov ◽  
HyungWon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Local Dynamic ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Data Propagation ◽  
Dynamic Map ◽  
Map Data ◽  
Transmission Windows

To ensure the driving safety in vehicular network, it is necessary to construct a local dynamic map (LDM) for an extended range. Using the standard vehicular communication protocols, however, vehicles can construct the LDM for only one-hop range. Constructing large-scale LDM is highly challenging because vehicles randomly change their position. This paper proposes a dynamic map propagation (DMP) method, which builds a large aggregated LDM data using a multi-hop communication. To reduce the data overhead, we introduce an efficient clustering method based on a half-circle of the forwarder’s wireless range. The DMP elects one forwarder per cluster, which constructs LDM and forwards it to a neighbor cluster. The inter-cluster interference is minimized by allocating a different transmit window to each cluster. DMP copes with a dynamic environment by frequently re-electing the forwarders and their associated transmission windows. Simulation results reveal that DMP enhances the forwarders’ reception ratio by 20%, while extending LDM dissemination range by 29% over a previous work.

scholarly journals Implementation of a Sensor Big Data Processing System for Autonomous Vehicles in the C-ITS Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7858
Author(s):  
Aelee Yoo ◽  
Sooyeon Shin ◽  
Junwon Lee ◽  
Changjoo Moon
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Intelligent Transport System ◽  
Local Dynamic ◽  
Intelligent Transport ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Condition ◽  
Dynamic Map ◽  
Using Data

To provide a service that guarantees driver comfort and safety, a platform utilizing connected car big data is required. This study first aims to design and develop such a platform to improve the function of providing vehicle and road condition information of the previously defined central Local Dynamic Map (LDM). Our platform extends the range of connected car big data collection from OBU (On Board Unit) and CAN to camera, LiDAR, and GPS sensors. By using data of vehicles being driven, the range of roads available for analysis can be expanded, and the road condition determination method can be diversified. Herein, the system was designed and implemented based on the Hadoop ecosystem, i.e., Hadoop, Spark, and Kafka, to collect and store connected car big data. We propose a direction of the cooperative intelligent transport system (C-ITS) development by showing a plan to utilize the platform in the C-ITS environment.

scholarly journals Towards a Semantically Enriched Local Dynamic Map

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Eiter ◽  
Herbert Füreder ◽  
Fritz Kasslatter ◽  
Josiane Xavier Parreira ◽  
Patrik Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Local Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Map

scholarly journals Implementation and Evaluation of Local Dynamic Map in Safety Driving Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 102-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Shimada ◽  
Akihiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Hiroaki Takada ◽  
Kenya Sato
Keyword(s):  
Local Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Map

Research of Three-Dimensional Layered Network Architecture LDM3 for ITS

2015 ◽  
Vol 719-720 ◽  
pp. 791-797
Author(s):  
Ya Duan Ruan ◽  
Xiang Jun Chen ◽  
Qi Mei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Information Fusion ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Massive Data ◽  
Local Dynamic ◽  
Application Layer ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Dynamic Map

As Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) grows increasingly in size and complexity, the issues on how to improve interoperability and the performance of processing massive data become more critical. This paper proposes a new three-dimensional layered network architecture called Local Dynamic Map/Multimedia/Management (LDM3) to address these issues. In LDM3, the three-dimensional architecture consists of the information fusion layer newly introduced, as well as the application layer and transport layer. The primitive mechanism defined in the architecture improves the efficiency of the communication of network elements in such heterogeneous network system. By using the standardized format of message and data, the application systems can get desired information pushed by information fusion layer, instead of processing data from all kinds of sensors. This mechanism improves the effectiveness of the whole system significantly by avoiding duplicate work on different application systems. Meanwhile, the workload and the hardware requirement for application systems are relieved. We apply LDM3in the demonstration project for traffic Internet Of Things (IOT) in Jiangsu province. The result shows LDM3is an effective and efficient solution for ITS.

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