scholarly journals Sensor Networks for Structures Health Monitoring: Placement, Implementations, and Challenges—A Review

Vibration ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-584
Author(s):  
Samir Mustapha ◽  
Ye Lu ◽  
Ching-Tai Ng ◽  
Pawel Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Successful Case

The development of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems and their integration in actual structures has become a necessity as it can provide a robust and low-cost solution for monitoring the structural integrity of and the ability to predict the remaining life of structures. In this review, we aim at focusing on one of the important issues of SHM, the design, and implementation of sensor networks. Location and number of sensors, in any SHM system, are of high importance as they impact the system integration, system performance, and accuracy of assessment, as well as the total cost. Hence we are interested in shedding the light on the sensor networks as an essential component of SHM systems. The review discusses several important parameters including design and optimization of sensor networks, development of academic and commercial solutions, powering of sensors, data communication, data transmission, and analytics. Finally, we presented some successful case studies including the challenges and limitations associated with the sensor networks.

Decentralized NExT/ERA and RDT/ERA System Identification in Wireless Smart Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 4946-4951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Yu Cui ◽  
Ke Gui Xin ◽  
Billie F. Spencer ◽  
Yu Fei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
System Identification ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Smart Sensor ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Random Decrement Technique

Wireless smart sensor networks (WSSN) have many advances compared with traditional structural health monitoring (SHM) such as wireless process, real-time calculation and low cost. However power consumption is considered as one of the most limitations in this field. The unique features offered by decentralized data aggregation (DDA) technique with the potential to overcome power consumption enable implementation of the dense array of WSSN on large structures. This paper presents a system identification of a simply supported plate based on the random decrement technique (RDT) and natural excitation technique (NExT) in combination with eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) using Illinois Structural Health Monitoring Project (ISHMP) Services Toolsuite. Finally the system parameters including natural frequency and mode shapes are in accordance with numerical simulation showing efficacy and feasibility of decentralized NExT/ERA and RDT/ERA system identification.

Optimization of placement of piezoelectric wafers based on a hybrid model using pitch-catch and pulse-echo configurations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110116
Author(s):  
Karen Saad ◽  
Hussein Tarhini ◽  
Mohammad S Harb ◽  
Samir Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Point ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Propagating Waves ◽  
Piezoelectric Wafers ◽  
Pulse Echo

The development of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems and integration in our structures is a necessity. It has proven to provide a robust and low-cost solution for monitoring structural integrity and can predict the remaining life of our structures. One of the most important aspects of SHM systems is the design and implementation of sensor networks. This study proposes a new hybrid model for optimizing sensor placement on convex and non-convex structures. We propose a novel framework in which two detection mechanisms are considered: pitch-catch and pulse-echo to provide coverage for a given surface. These two mechanisms will complement each other to minimize the number of sensors used while maintaining a high coverage. This combination also allows for better coverage of the corners and regions in the proximity of geometrical discontinuity (such as holes and openings). The monitored area is discretized into a set of control points. For a control point to be covered, it should satisfy the user-defined coverage level which is the number of sensing paths crossing that point. These sensing paths are provided by two modes of communications (pitch-catch and pulse-echo) between the actuator-sensor pairs. The model, which is solved using a genetic algorithm (GA), provides flexibility by allowing the user to input different parameters such as the attenuation distance of the propagating waves and the sensing path limits of both coverage configurations that can be determined through experimentation. The efficiency of the proposed model is then demonstrated by simulating different geometrical shapes. Significant improvement in the coverage of the monitored area, reaching 34.6%, was achieved when compared to the coverage provided by some preliminary solutions such as uniformly placing the sensors on the plate under study. Also, the advantage of combining both configurations (pitch-catch and pulse-echo) in the same model was investigated. It was shown that the latter highly impacted the coverage in the blind zones (corners and edges) where a single configuration is not effective. Afterward, experimental validation was carried out to evaluate the model’s accuracy in damage localization within the optimized sensor networks. The results demonstrated the proficiency of the model developed in distributing the sensors on the tested specimens.

scholarly journals The effects of LT-SN on energy dissipation and lifetime in wireless sensor networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Zeydin Pala
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Sleep Mode ◽  
Security Vulnerabilities ◽  
Waking Up

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) still attract the attention of researchers, users and the private sector despite their low power and low range tendency for malfunction. This attraction towards WSNs results from their low cost structure and the solutions they offer for many prevalent problems. Many conditions, which remain unforeseen or unexpected during the design of the system, may arise after the initialization of the system. Similarly, many situations where security vulnerabilities take place may emerge in time in WSNs operating normally. In this study, we called nodes which enter sleeping mode without any further waking up and causing a sparser number of nodes in the network without any function in data transmission as Long-Term Sleep Nodes (LT-SN); and considered energy spaces caused by such nodes as a problem; and established two Linear Programming (LP) models based on the efficiency of the present nodes. We offered two different models which present the effect of sensor nodes, which were initially operating in wireless sensor network environment and did not wake up following sleep mode, on network lifetime. The results of the present study report that as the number of LT-SN increases, the lifetime of the network decreases.

scholarly journals Sensor Networks in Structural Health Monitoring: From Theory to Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Vasilis Dertimanis ◽  
Eleni Chatzi
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Theory To Practice

The growing attention that structural health monitoring (SHM) has enjoyed in recent years can be attributed, amongst other factors, to the advent of low-cost and easily deployable sensors [...]

scholarly journals An Open and Reconfigurable Wireless Sensor Network for Pervasive Health Monitoring

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Triantafyllidis ◽  
V. Koutkias ◽  
I. Chouvarda ◽  
N. Maglaveras
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Pervasive Health

Summary Objectives: Sensor networks constitute the backbone for the construction of personalized monitoring systems. Up to now, several sensor networks have been proposed for diverse pervasive healthcare applications, which are however characterized by a significant lack of open architectures, resulting in closed, non-interoperable and difficult to extend solutions. In this context, we propose an open and reconfigurable wireless sensor network (WSN) for pervasive health monitoring, with particular emphasis in its easy extension with additional sensors and functionality by incorporating embedded intelligence mechanisms. Methods: We consider a generic WSN architecture comprised of diverse sensor nodes (with communication and processing capabilities) and a mobile base unit (MBU) operating as the gateway between the sensors and the medical personnel, formulating this way a body area network (BAN). The primary focus of this work is on the intra-BAN data communication issues, adopting SensorML as the data representation mean, including the encoding of the monitoring patterns and the functionality of the sensor network. Results: In our prototype implementation two sensor nodes are emulated; one for heart rate monitoring and the other for blood glucose observations, while the MBU corresponds to a personal digital assistant (PDA) device. Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) is used to implement both the sensor nodes and the MBU components. Intra-BAN wireless communication relies on the Bluetooth protocol. Via an adaptive user interface in the MBU, health professionals may specify the monitoring parameters of the WSN and define the monitoring patterns of interest in terms of rules. Conclusions: This work constitutes an essential step towards the construction of open, extensible, inter - operable and intelligent WSNs for pervasive health monitoring.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Low-Cost Virtual Backbone Construction for Optimal Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
K. Mohaideen Pitchai ◽  
B. Paramasivan
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Iteration Process ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Virtual Backbone ◽  
Dominating Sets ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Minimum Number

Many prominent applications in wireless sensor networks which require collected information have to be routed to end nodes in an efficient manner. In general, weighted connected dominating Sets (WCDS) based routing is a promising approach for enhancing the routing efficiency in sensor networks. Backbone has been used extensively in routing. Here an efficient WCDS algorithm for constructing a virtual backbone with low total cost, hop spanning ratio, and minimum number of dominators is proposed. We report a systematic approach, which has three phases. Initial phase considers the issues of revoking a partial CDS tree from a complete CDS tree. Secondary and final phases make the design of the complete algorithm by considering the determination of dominators using an iteration process. Our findings reveal better performance than the existing algorithms in terms of total cost, hop spanning ratio, and number of dominators.

scholarly journals Isolated sensor networks for high-voltage environments using a single polymer optical fiber and LEDs for remote powering as well as data transmission

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
Jakob Fischer ◽  
Timo Schuster ◽  
Christian Wächter ◽  
Michael Luber ◽  
Juri Vinogradov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Optical Sensor ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Polymer Optical Fiber

Abstract. Many applications in high voltage or explosive environments require sensors which are electrically isolated from other components of a system. These sensors need remote powering as well as wireless or isolated data transmission links. A possible solution can be based on optically powered optical sensor links. These typically employ four different photonic components: for the data communication a fast LED as a transmitter and a photo diode as a receiver, furthermore for sensor powering a high-power light source and a photonic power converter. Additionally, two optical fibers are required for optical remote powering and the optical data link. In this paper we demonstrate an optically powered optical sensor link using only low-cost high-brightness LEDs and a single polymer optical fiber (POF) for all of these tasks. Coupling efficiencies, power transmission and modulation bandwidths are analyzed for LEDs with different colors. Potentials for many mW of electrical remote powering and Mbit s−1 sensor data links are demonstrated over 10 m of POF. This approach can be used for almost any electronic sensor with moderate power requirements.

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