scholarly journals Determination of Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) and Nitrite Accumulation in the Blood and Tissue of Blood Cockle (Tegillarca granosa, Linnaeus 1758)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2197
Author(s):  
Nurul Hazwani Hashim ◽  
Ferdaus Mohamat-Yusuff ◽  
Amirul Azuan Joni ◽  
Faradiella Mohd Kusin ◽  
Khairul Nizam Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Tegillarca Granosa ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Nitrite Toxicity ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Blood Cockle

This study aimed to determine the nitrite toxicity of blood cockle Tegillarca granosa, with the objectives being to identify the median lethal concentration (LC50) and the accumulation level of nitrite in Tegillarca granosa, and to determine the relationship of nitrite accumulation with mortality percentage. The levels of LC50 and accumulation of nitrite were determined after 72 h of exposure to different nitrite concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/L). Nitrite accumulation was analysed using Method 8153 and a DR2800 spectrophotometer (HACH, Loveland, CO, USA). LC50 was identified at 1.53 mg/L, and nitrite accumulated in the ranges of 0.012 to 0.106 mg/L wet weight and 0.002 to 0.089 mg/L wet weight in the blood and soft tissue samples, respectively. Accumulation concentration in both tissue and blood cells increased proportionally with the exposure concentration, and had a strong positive relationship with the percentage of mortality. Our findings suggest that prolonged exposure of nitrite led to accumulation in the blood and tissues and caused cockle mortality.

Interpretation of melperone intoxication: post-mortem concentration distribution and interpretation of intoxication data

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
Marek Dziadosz ◽  
Katarina Bolte ◽  
Wolfgang Rosenberger ◽  
Michael Klintschar ◽  
Jörg Teske
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Reference Concentration ◽  
Femoral Blood

Abstract Objectives Since melperone abuse with lethal intoxication is common, expert opinions based on therapeutical and lethal concentration ranges can be considered as important. Because there is a lack of information about fatalities caused by melperone mono-intoxications and data on tissue samples with concentration distribution, the aim of this work is the examination of lethal concentration ranges of melperone and drug quantification in different matrices. Methods An LC-MS/MS method was applied for analyses performed in blood and tissue samples. Quantification based on standard addition and sample preparation on liquid–liquid extraction with 1-chlorobutane. An appropriate tissue homogenization was performed ahead of extraction with an IKA Ultra-Turrax-Tube-Drive®. A Luna 5 µm C18 (2) 100 Å, 150  × 2 mm analytical column was used for chromatographic separation and the elution was performed with two mobile phases consisted of A (H2O/methanol = 95/5, v/v) and B (H2O/methanol = 3/97, v/v) both with 10 mM ammonium acetate and 0.1% acetic acid. Results A multi-drug LC-MS/MS analytical method developed was applied successfully for melperone quantification in different post-mortem matrices. No analytical problems could be identified during method development and analyses of real samples. The melperone lethal concentration calculated in femoral blood of the drug mono-intoxication investigated was 10 mg/L. Melperone concentration distribution was presented for the first time. Conclusions The lethal reference concentration of melperone in femoral blood of 17.1 mg/L pointed out in different reference lists should be used with caution. Instead, a lower lethal melperone concentration should be considered. The post-mortem concentration distribution of the drug presented could be helpful in the interpretation of cases where no blood samples are available.

Acute toxicity and accumulation of microcystin-leucine-arginine in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852)

Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua An ◽  
Zhenhua An ◽  
Longsheng Sun ◽  
Zhenhua An ◽  
Longsheng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms

The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity effect and the accumulation of microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) on the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852). Juvenile P. clarkii (5.47 ± 1.3 g) were cultured under 5 different MC-LR concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8 mg/l), then the acute toxicity effect was observed. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of MC-LR on juvenile P. clarkii was 3.741 mg/l at 24 h, 1.494 mg/l at 48 h, 0.817 mg/l at 72 h and 0.567 mg/l at 96 h. Accumulation of MC-LR was measured in different organs of mature P. clarkii (58.7 ± 3.8 g) exposed to 0.3 mg/l MC-LR for 120 h. The detected MC-LR concentration decreased in the sequence: hepatopancreas > ovary > abdominal muscle > intestine. Hepatopancreas and ovary were found to be the main targets of the toxin. The results suggested that the MC-LR produced by cyanobacteria blooms could not only reduce the survival rate of juvenile P. clarkii but also affect the fecundity of mature crayfish. This research also provides a reference basis for the detection and assessment of the pollution of water bodies in P. clarkii culture.

scholarly journals Fumigant toxicity of some essential oils against Red Flour Beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and its safety to mammals

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-776
Author(s):  
T. M. Sileem ◽  
A. L. Mehany ◽  
R. S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Garlic Oil ◽  
Garlic Essential Oil

Abstract Fumigant activities for three essential oils; Garlic oil (Allium sativum L); Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and Nigella (Nigella sativa L.) were assessed at different concentrations against the adult and 20-days old larval stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the laboratory. The accumulative mortality was observed at different exposure periods (3, 5 and 7 days). The residual effect of garlic oil that was the effective oil, on the treated wheat grains was evaluated with respect to histological changes in the liver, kidney, and stomach of rat fed on this treated wheat. The results showed that the mortality rates of treated stages increased with increasing the time of fumigation treatment. Moreover the highest essential oils toxicity at the Median lethal concentration (LC50) values for exposure periods (3, 5 and 7 days) to fumigation were (126, 53, and 47 mg/L air) for adult stage and were (79, 62, and 41 mg/L air) for larval stage, respectively in the case of Garlic oil treatment. While, the lowest essential oils effective was Nigella oil at the Median lethal concentration (LC50) values for exposure periods (3, 5 and 7 days) to fumigation were (3594, 629, and 335 mg/L air) for adult stage and were (1040, 416, and 227 mg/L air) for larval stage, respectively. The toxicity effect of various essential oils against adults and larvae of T. castaneum at the LC50at 7 days fumigation could be arranged in descending order as follows: Garlic oil, Chili pepper oil, and Nigella oil. The histological changes showed that the organs slightly affected at the fumigation for 3 days. It may be concluded that the garlic essential oil is the good effective fumigant to control T. castaneum in the stored products and it recommended that the fumigation period does not exceed 3 days. The garlic essential oil has the potential for applications in IPM programs for stored-grain pests because of its high volatility and fumigant activity and its safety.

The Susceptibility of various Species of Mosquitos to DDT, Dieldrin and BHC

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Anopheles Maculipennis ◽  
Culex Pipiens Molestus ◽  
Filter Papers

The susceptibility of various mosquitos to DDT, dieldrin and BHC has been studied. Adult females were exposed in small tubes lined with filter papers impregnated with insecticide-oil solutions. Larvae were exposed to insecticideacetone suspensions in water.Adult mosquitos tested in London showed no striking differences in susceptibility to DDT, though the median lethal concentration (MLC) of Culex pipiens molestus Forsk. (1·6 per cent.) was greater than the MLC of Aëdes aegypti (L.) (0·9), Anopheles maculipennis var. atroparvusvan Thiel (1·0), or A. quadrimaculatus Say (·7). C. p. molestus and Aë. aegypti showed the same order of susceptibility to dieldrin and BHC, with Anopheles m. atroparvus more susceptible to both insecticides.

scholarly journals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in porcine and bovine organs and tissues

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ciganek ◽  
J. Neca
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Vitreous Humour ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Pah Exposure ◽  
Animal Exposure ◽  
Kidney Liver

Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were determined in porcine and bovine kidney, liver, lung, muscle and adipose tissue samples, and in eyeballs (lens and vitreous humour) in fattener pigs and cows. The total average PAH concentrations in individual organs were: 5.4, 6.3 (kidney); 3.8, 2.7 (liver); 4.6, 5.4 (lung); 3.6, 5.1 (muscle tissue); 0.05, 0.11 (adipose tissue); 57.9, 16.3 (lens) and 14, 6.4 (vitreous humour) for pigs and cows in ng/g of wet weight, respectively. Phenanthrene, naphthalene, pyrene and fluoranthene were predominant PAH present in samples. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found among distribution of PAH in animal bodies from several localities with various PAH exposure or between their levels in porcine and bovine organs and tissues, except for eyeballs. On the contrary, significant variations of PAH concentrations (P < 0.01) were found between species in the same tissues from the same stable. The highest total concentrations of PAH were found in porcine and bovine lenses. Analyses of porcine and/or bovine lenses for PAH content could be used for determination of animal exposure to these compounds.

Ecotoxicological assays to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of formalin for fish

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Roberta Tancredo ◽  
José Victor Ferrarezi ◽  
Natália da Costa Marchiori ◽  
Maurício Laterça Martins
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Ecotoxicological Assays

Arsenic resistance in a strain of cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) from Northern NSW.

1955 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 666 ◽  
Author(s):  
LF Hitchcock ◽  
WJ Roulston
Keyword(s):  
Reference Strain ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Arsenic Resistance ◽  
South Wales

Laboratory trials were carried out with ticks of a northern New South Wales strain which had proved impossible to control by dipping in 0.2 per cent. As2O3. The concentration of arsenic required to prevent 50 per cent. of engorged female ticks of this strain from laying viable eggs was found to be approximately double that for females of a reference strain. The median lethal concentration of arsenic for larvae of the northern New South Wales strain was also found to be approximately double that for larvae of the reference strain.

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