scholarly journals Study on Storm Surge Using Parametric Model with Geographical Characteristics

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2251
Author(s):  
Yeon-joong Kim ◽  
Tea-woo Kim ◽  
Jong-sung Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Wind Field ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Geographical Characteristics

The coastal area of Japan has been damaged yearly by storm surges and flooding disasters in the past, including those associated with typhoons. In addition, the scale of damage is increasing rapidly due to the changing global climate and environment. As disasters due to storm surges become increasingly unpredictable, more measures should be taken to prevent serious damage and casualties. The Japanese government published a hazard map manual in 2015 and obligates the creation of a hazard map based on a parametric model as a measure to reduce high-scale storm surges. Parametric model (typhoon model) accounting for the topographical influences of the surroundings is essential for calculating the wind field of a typhoon. In particular, it is necessary to calculate the wind field using a parametric model in order to simulate a virtual typhoon (the largest typhoon) and to improve the reproducibility. Therefore, in this study, the aim was to establish a hazard map by assuming storm surges of the largest scale and to propose a parametric model that considers the changing shape of typhoons due to topography. The main objectives of this study were to analyze the characteristics of typhoons due to pass through Japan, to develop a parametric model using a combination of Holland’s and Myers’s models that is appropriate for the largest scale of typhoon, and to analyze the parameters of Holland’s model using grid point values (GPVs). Finally, we aimed to propose a method that considers the changing shape of typhoons due to topography. The modeling outcomes of tide levels and storm surge heights show that the reproduced results obtained by the analysis method proposed in this study are more accurate than those obtained using GPVs. In addition, the reproducibility of the proposed model was evaluated showing the high and excellent reproducibility of storm surge height according to the geographic characteristics.

scholarly journals Study on Storm Surge Using Parametric Model with Geographical Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon-joong KIM ◽  
Tea-woo KIM ◽  
Jong-sung YOON
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Pressure Fields ◽  
Holland Model ◽  
Geographical Characteristics

Recently, the intensities of natural disasters have increased significantly owing to climate change and various other environmental factors, causing unprecedented damage. Measures must be established to reduce damage from large-scale natural disasters caused by the rapidly changing environment. The Japanese government published a hazard map manual in 2015 and obligates the creation of a hazard map as a measure to reduce high-scale storm surges. This manual presents a typhoon model based on a parametric model that is used to create a hazard map. The Myers model assuming concentric circles, which is primarily used in East Asia, is disadvantageous as it cannot consider geographic characteristics. Therefore, a new parametric model is necessary to calculate wind and pressure fields, which change according to geographic characteristics. To improve this limitation of the Myers model, we calculated the wind and pressure fields considering geographical effects by combining the Holland model, which can consider the size of a developing typhoon, and the Mascon model, which changes by geographic characteristics. To determine the gradient coefficient of the Holland model, the coefficient that changes every moment was calculated using grid point value data. The result indicated excellent reproducibility of storm surge height according to the geographic characteristics.

scholarly journals Advancing global storm surge modelling using the new ERA5 climate reanalysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1007-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Job C. M. Dullaart ◽  
Sanne Muis ◽  
Nadia Bloemendaal ◽  
Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Global Climate Modelling ◽  
Surge Height

Abstract This study examines the implications of recent advances in global climate modelling for simulating storm surges. Following the ERA-Interim (0.75° × 0.75°) global climate reanalysis, in 2018 the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts released its successor, the ERA5 (0.25° × 0.25°) reanalysis. Using the Global Tide and Surge Model, we analyse eight historical storm surge events driven by tropical—and extra-tropical cyclones. For these events we extract wind fields from the two reanalysis datasets and compare these against satellite-based wind field observations from the Advanced SCATterometer. The root mean squared errors in tropical cyclone wind speed reduce by 58% in ERA5, compared to ERA-Interim, indicating that the mean sea-level pressure and corresponding strong 10-m winds in tropical cyclones greatly improved from ERA-Interim to ERA5. For four of the eight historical events we validate the modelled storm surge heights with tide gauge observations. For Hurricane Irma, the modelled surge height increases from 0.88 m with ERA-Interim to 2.68 m with ERA5, compared to an observed surge height of 2.64 m. We also examine how future advances in climate modelling can potentially further improve global storm surge modelling by comparing the results for ERA-Interim and ERA5 against the operational Integrated Forecasting System (0.125° × 0.125°). We find that a further increase in model resolution results in a better representation of the wind fields and associated storm surges, especially for small size tropical cyclones. Overall, our results show that recent advances in global climate modelling have the potential to increase the accuracy of early-warning systems and coastal flood hazard assessments at the global scale.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Surface Wind Field Representation in the Operational Storm Surge Model of the National Hurricane Center

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talea Mayo ◽  
Ning Lin
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Wind Field ◽  
Wind Profile ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Maximum Wind Speed ◽  
Field Representation ◽  
Maximum Wind ◽  
National Hurricane Center ◽  
Surface Background

The Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) model is the operational storm surge model of the National Hurricane Center (NHC). Previous studies have found that the SLOSH model estimates storm surges with an accuracy of ±20%. In this study, through hindcasts of historical storms, we assess the accuracy of the SLOSH model for four coastal regions in the Northeastern United States. We investigate the potential to improve this accuracy through modification of the wind field representation. We modify the surface background wind field, the parametric wind profile, and the maximum wind speed based on empirical, physical, and observational data. We find that on average the SLOSH model underestimates maximum storm surge heights by 22%. The modifications to the surface background wind field and the parametric wind profile have minor impacts; however, the effect of the modification to maximum wind speed is significant—it increases the variance in the SLOSH model estimates of maximum storm surges, but improves its accuracy overall. We recommend that observed values of maximum wind speed be used in SLOSH model simulations when possible.

scholarly journals PROJECTION OF FUTURE STORM SURGES AROUND THE KOREAN PENINSULA BASED ON LARGE ENSEMBLE CLIMATE EXPERIMENTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Jung-A Yang ◽  
Sooyoul Kim ◽  
Hajime Mase ◽  
Nobuhito Mori
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Large Ensemble ◽  
Climate Conditions

Projection of future storm surge height (SSH) based on results of ensemble climate experiments performed using a general climate model (hereafter, GCM) under future climate conditions is ready to start at the regional scale for disaster prevention against storm surge. However, there are limitation to estimate future SSHs with particular return periods which required in coastal structure design because of the lack of sample numbers of storm surge events on local scale. To obtain a large number of samples in localized catastrophic events, Mizuta et al. (2016) carried out an unprecedentedly large ensemble of climate simulations using a high-resolution global climate model over 5000 years. In this study, spatial pattern of storm surge values around the Korean Peninsula (hereafter, the KP) with 100-years return period are assessed based on the large ensemble experiments.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON STORM SURGE RISKS TO CONTAINERS CONSIDERING GLOBAL WARMING

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikito Hisamatsu ◽  
Rikito Hisamatsu ◽  
Kei Horie ◽  
Kei Horie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Risk Maps ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vulnerability Functions

Container yards tend to be located along waterfronts that are exposed to high risk of storm surges. However, risk assessment tools such as vulnerability functions and risk maps for containers have not been sufficiently developed. In addition, damage due to storm surges is expected to increase owing to global warming. This paper aims to assess storm surge impact due to global warming for containers located at three major bays in Japan. First, we developed vulnerability functions for containers against storm surges using an engineering approach. Second, we simulated storm surges at three major bays using the SuWAT model and taking global warming into account. Finally, we developed storm surge risk maps for containers based on current and future situations using the vulnerability function and simulated inundation depth. As a result, we revealed the impact of global warming on storm surge risks for containers quantitatively.

scholarly journals Storm Surges in the Bohai Sea: The Role of Waves and Tides

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1509
Author(s):  
Yuanyi Li ◽  
Huan Feng ◽  
Guillaume Vigouroux ◽  
Dekui Yuan ◽  
Guangyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Wave Force ◽  
Laizhou Bay ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The Bohai Sea ◽  
Tidal Phase ◽  
Set Up

A storm surge is a complex phenomenon in which waves, tide and current interact. Even though wind is the predominant force driving the surge, waves and tidal phase are also important factors that influence the mass and momentum transport during the surge. Devastating storm surges often occur in the Bohai Sea, a semi-enclosed shallow sea in North China, due to extreme storms. However, the effects of waves on storm surges in the Bohai Sea have not been quantified and the mechanisms responsible for the higher surges that affect part of the Bohai Sea have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we set up a storm surge model, considering coupled effects of tides and waves on the surges. Validation against measured data shows that the coupled model is capable of simulating storm surges in the Bohai Sea. The simulation results indicate that the longshore currents, which are induced by the large gradient of radiation stress due to wave deformation, are one of the main contributors to the higher surges occurring in some coastal regions. The gently varying bathymetry is another factor contributing to these surges. With such bathymetry, the wave force direction is nearly uniform, and pushes a large amount of water in that direction. Under these conditions, the water accumulates in some parts of the coast, leading to higher surges in nearby coastal regions such as the south coast of the Bohai Bay and the west and south coasts of the Laizhou Bay. Results analysis also shows that the tidal phase at which the surge occurs influences the wave–current interactions, and these interactions are more evident in shallow waters. Neglecting these interactions can lead to inaccurate predictions of the storm surges due to overestimation or underestimation of wave-induced set-up.

scholarly journals Modeling Study on the Asymmetry of Positive and Negative Storm Surges along the Southeastern Coast of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Dongdong Chu ◽  
Haibo Niu ◽  
Wenli Qiao ◽  
Xiaohui Jiao ◽  
Xilin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Pressure Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Central Pressure ◽  
Linear Interaction ◽  
Southeastern Coast ◽  
Zhoushan Archipelago ◽  
Wind Intensity

In this paper, a three-dimensional storm surge model was developed based on the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) by the hindcasts of four typhoon-induced storm surges (Chan-hom, Mireille, Herb, and Winnie). After model validation, a series of sensitivity experiments were conducted to explore the effects of key parameters in the wind and pressure field (forward speed, radius of maximum wind (RMW), inflow angle, and central pressure), typhoon path, wind intensity, and topography on the storm surge and surge asymmetry between sea level rise (positive surge) and fall (negative surge) along the southeastern coast of China (SCC). The model results show that lower central pressure and larger RMW could lead to stronger surge asymmetry. A larger inflow angle results in a stronger surge asymmetry. In addition, the path of Chan-hom is the most dangerous path type for the Zhoushan Archipelago area, and that of Winnie follows next. The model results also indicate that the non-linear interaction between wind field and pressure field tends to weaken the peak surge elevation. The effect of topography on storm surges indicates that the peak surge elevation and its occurrence time, as well as the surge asymmetry, increase with a decreasing slope along the SCC.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document