scholarly journals Dynamic Evaluation of Sustainable Water Resource Systems in Metropolitan Areas: A Case Study of the Beijing Megacity

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2629
Author(s):  
Chaoyang Du
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Operating Mechanism ◽  
Water Resource System ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sustainable Water Resource ◽  
The Operating Mechanism ◽  
Three Components

Increasing water scarcity has made it difficult to meet global water demands, so the sustainable use of water resources is an important issue. In this study, the sustainable water resource system (SWRS) operating mechanism is discussed, considering three components: dynamics, resistance and coordination. According to the SWRS operating mechanism, a universal indicator system with three layers, including goal, criterion, and index layers, is constructed for SWRS evaluation. Additionally, considering the fuzziness of threshold values for grading standards, an SWRS evaluation model is constructed based on the set pair analysis (SPA), analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and attribute interval recognition methods. This model is conceptually simple and convenient. An evaluation indicator system is constructed for the SWRS in Beijing, and evaluation standards with five grades are established. The dynamics of the sustainability of the Beijing SWRS and corresponding operating mechanism are analyzed using the SPA evaluation model. The results suggest that the three components of the operating mechanism all have positive effects on the Beijing SWRS state, but the SWRS state has not yet been fundamentally changed. Therefore, considerable improvements can be achieved regarding the sustainability of the Beijing SWRS.

scholarly journals Ecological network analysis of watershed meta-ecosystems: A new perspective on quantifying the integrated watershed ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haile YANG
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Ecological Network ◽  
Flow Networks ◽  
Water Resource System ◽  
Ecological Network Analysis ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Resource System

A watershed is an integrated ecosystem. In different disciplines, a watershed has been described as a geomorphic unit, a hydrological unit, an ecological unit, or a socio-economic unit and has been quantitatively described using different indicator systems. Until now, no general indicator system has existed that could quantitatively describe the geomorphic features, hydrologic features, ecological features and socio-economic features of an integrated watershed ecosystem (IWE) simultaneously. Here, we proposed a quantitative descriptive framework for an IWE (QDFIWE). This QDFIWE involved three steps: (1) constructing a watershed meta-ecosystem (WME) based on the hierarchical system of the watershed; (2) constructing flow networks based on the WME; and (3) identifying the holistic properties (such as spatial throughput, spatial organization and spatial resilience) of the WME through analyzing its flow networks based on ecological network analysis (ENA). Then, we applied this method to study the geomorphic topological structure, geomorphic spatial structure, natural water resource system and integrated water resource system of the Yangtze River basin. The results suggested that based on the QDFIWE, (1) one could construct different WMEs and corresponding flow networks for different requirements; (2) one could obtain time series of the holistic properties of an IWE to analyze its evolution; (3) one could compare, classify and cluster any number of IWEs through identifying their holistic properties according to similar strategies; and (4) one could determine or create more indicators, which could provide additional information, based on the holistic properties of an IWE. This study demonstrates that the QDFIWE is a general method of quantifying the holistic properties of all subsystems of an IWE simultaneously. Thus, the method can improve the understanding of the IWE.

Study on Sustainable Water Resources System Assessment by Applying Set Pair Analysis Theory

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 665-669
Author(s):  
Chao Yang Du ◽  
Hu Ping Zhong ◽  
Ya Dong Shi ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
Li Juan Mo
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
System Evaluation ◽  
Set Pair Analysis ◽  
Water Resource System ◽  
Analysis Theory ◽  
Sustainable Water Resource ◽  
Pair Analysis ◽  
Resource System ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources

Based on the studies on water resource system, we discuss the connotation of sustainable water resource system and explore the operating mechanisms of sustainable water resource system, including dynamic, resistance and coordination for three mechanisms, which control the evolution of sustainable water resource system. Then, after the establishment of the indicator system of sustainable water resource system evaluation, the regional sustainable water resource system evaluation model is set up by using set pair analysis theory. The evaluation results are obtained by calculating connection degree of each indicator. Finally, taking Shanghai as an example, it analyzes the water resource sustainability in Shanghai by using this model. The calculating results indicate that the situation of sustainable water resources system was better, which is in accordance with the actual situation in Shanghai.

scholarly journals Evaluation of water resource carrying capacity of two typical cities in northern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingtai Qiu ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Chuanzhe Li ◽  
Yufei Jiao ◽  
Fuliang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Water Resource Carrying Capacity ◽  
Regional Water

Abstract Global climate change and human activities are increasingly affecting the regional water resource carrying capacity (WRCC). For sustainable development, an important social challenge is understanding the carrying level of regional water resources. In this study, to assess the WRCC status, we used a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and combined the natural and social attributes of WRCC. Moreover, from the three dimensions of support force subsystem, pressure force subsystem (PFS), and regulation force subsystem (RFS), 12 evaluation indicators were selected. Furthermore, using the fuzzy comprehensive theory and natural and social comprehensive indicators, we constructed a WRCC-level evaluation model and used it to evaluate the carrying level of two typical cities in China, Shijiazhuang and Langfang, for the 2006–2015 period. The results demonstrate that the regional water-carrying status of each of these cities is slightly above that of WRCC and that carrying levels show an interannual increasing trend. Note that, in both cities, the primary reason for the low regional WRCC is water shortage, while PFS improvement, supported by an interannual PFS increasing trend during the same time period, is the primary reason for carrying-level improvement for both cities in the past 10 years. For the RFS dimension, evaluation scores were in the range of 2.14–2.98 for Shijiazhuang and 2.12–2.79 for Langfang. Furthermore, the evaluation model and the indicator system demonstrated complementary functionality; thus, our results have an important academic value, particularly with reference to evaluating the WRCC.

scholarly journals Evaluating Water Resource Assets Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model: A Case Study of Wuhan City, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingdong Zhang ◽  
Jiatian Fu ◽  
Chaoyang Liu ◽  
Zhiguang Qu ◽  
Yanan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Value Of Water

With the rapid development of China’s economy, the demand for water resources continues to sharply increase, which has gradually contributed to serious environmental problems. The Chinese government has proposed establishing a natural resource balance sheet, which is expected to solve this problem by assessing the value of water resources. The main purpose of this study was to assess the value of water resources in Wuhan from 2013 to 2017. Based on a fuzzy mathematical evaluation model, 15 indicators were chosen considering the three main aspects of resources, society, and the environment to construct a water resource evaluation indicator system. In addition, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight methods were combined to determine the index weight. Based on this, we calculated the value of water resources in Wuhan from 2013 to 2017. The results demonstrated that the values of water resources in Wuhan from 2013 to 2017 were US$2.910 billion, US$5.006 billion, US$9.223 billion, US$14.167 billion, and US$7.189 billion, respectively. Therefore, this paper provides a scientific foundation for the rational establishment of water prices, the assessment of local natural resource assets, and the preparation of natural resource balance sheets.

Insights into the phenomenon of ‘bubble-free’ electrocatalytic oxygen evolution from water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Tsekouras ◽  
Richard Terrett ◽  
Zheyin Yu ◽  
Zhenxiang Cheng ◽  
Gerhard F. Swiegers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Operating Mechanism ◽  
Evolved Gas ◽  
The Operating Mechanism

Understanding of the operating mechanism of a ‘breathable’ water-splitting electrode, which extracts evolved gas without forming bubbles, is advanced.

scholarly journals Learning about water resource sharing through game play

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 4079-4091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Ewen ◽  
Jan Seibert
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Decision Outcomes ◽  
Masters Students ◽  
Resource Decision

Abstract. Games are an optimal way to teach about water resource sharing, as they allow real-world scenarios to be enacted. Both students and professionals learning about water resource management can benefit from playing games, through the process of understanding both the complexity of sharing of resources between different groups and decision outcomes. Here we address how games can be used to teach about water resource sharing, through both playing and developing water games. An evaluation of using the web-based game Irrigania in the classroom setting, supported by feedback from several educators who have used Irrigania to teach about the sustainable use of water resources, and decision making, at university and high school levels, finds Irrigania to be an effective and easy tool to incorporate into a curriculum. The development of two water games in a course for masters students in geography is also presented as a way to teach and communicate about water resource sharing. Through game development, students learned soft skills, including critical thinking, problem solving, team work, and time management, and overall the process was found to be an effective way to learn about water resource decision outcomes. This paper concludes with a discussion of learning outcomes from both playing and developing water games.

scholarly journals The architecture and operating mechanism of a cnidarian stinging organelle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Gibson ◽  
Ahmet Karabulut ◽  
Melainia McClain ◽  
Boris Rubinstein ◽  
Sean McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Operating Mechanism ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
3D Electron Microscopy ◽  
Genetic Perturbations ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
The Operating Mechanism ◽  
And Function

Abstract The stingers of jellyfish, sea anemones and other cnidarians, known as nematocysts, are remarkable cellular weapons used for both predation and defense1. Nematocysts are specialized organelles which consist of a pressurized capsule containing a coiled harpoon-like thread2. These structures are in turn built within specialized cells known as nematocytes3. When triggered4, the capsule explosively discharges, ejecting the coiled thread which punctures the target and rapidly elongates by turning inside out in a process called eversion5,6. Due to the structural complexity of the thread and the extreme speed of discharge, the precise mechanics of nematocyst firing have remained elusive7. Here, using a combination of live and super-resolution imaging, 3D electron microscopy and genetic perturbations, we define the step-by-step sequence of nematocyst operation in the model sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. This analysis reveals the complex biomechanical transformations underpinning the operating mechanism of nematocysts, one of the nature’s most exquisite biological micro-machines. Further, this study will provide insight into the form and function of related cnidarian organelles and serve as a template for the design of bioinspired microdevices.

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