scholarly journals The Subsurface Geology and Landscape Evolution of the Volturno Coastal Plain, Italy: Interplay between Tectonics and Sea-Level Changes during the Quaternary

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3386
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Corrado ◽  
Sabrina Amodio ◽  
Pietro P. C. Aucelli ◽  
Gerardo Pappone ◽  
Marcello Schiattarella
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Plan View ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

The Volturno alluvial-coastal plain is a relevant feature of the Tyrrhenian side of southern Italy. Its plan-view squared shape is due to Pliocene-Quaternary block-faulting of the western flank of the south-Apennines chain. On the basis of the stratigraphic analysis of almost 700 borehole logs and new geomorphological survey, an accurate paleoenvironmental reconstruction before and after the Campania Ignimbrite (CI; about 40 ky) eruption is here presented. Tectonics and eustatic forcing have been both taken into account to completely picture the evolution of the coastal plain during Late Quaternary times. The upper Pleistocene-Holocene infill of the Volturno plain has been here re-organized in a new stratigraphic framework, which includes seven depositional units. Structural analysis showed that two sets of faults displaced the CI, so accounting for recent tectonic activity. Yet Late Quaternary tectonics is rather mild, as evidenced by the decametric vertical separations operated by those faults. The average slip rate, which would represent the tectonic subsidence rate of the plain, is about 0.5 mm/year. A grid of cross sections shows the stratigraphic architecture which resulted from interactions among eustatic changes, tectonics and sedimentary input variations. On the basis of boreholes analysis, the trend of the CI roof was reconstructed. An asymmetrical shape of its ancient morphology—with a steeper slope toward the north-west border—and the lack of coincidence between the present course of the Volturno River and the main buried bedrock incision, are significant achievements of this study. Finally, the morpho-evolutionary path of the Volturno plain has been discussed.

scholarly journals Geochemical trends in central and western North Greenland

1987 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
A Steenfelt
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
The North ◽  
Platform Margin ◽  
Vein Type ◽  
North Greenland

Geochemical maps and geochemical cross-sections, based on chemical analyses of the < 0.1 mm fraction of stream sediment samples collected at a density of approximately 1 sample per 30 km2 in central and western North Greenland, show that the distribution patterns for the major elements and some trace elements reflect the main lithological units of the North Greenland Palaeozoic platform and trough. By contrast the distribution patterns for S and Sr are different. High S values are correlated with zones of tectonic activity and are thought to indicate migration of H2S along faults. High Sr values are correlated with evaporitic rocks in the platform sequence and with deep sea carbonates. High BaO values occurring along the Silurian platform margin and in the Ordovician platform-slope sequence are the result of Ba enrichment in the sedimentary environment, combined with epigenetic vein-type baryte mineralisation.

TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONAL ANALOGUE MODELLING OF EXTENSIONAL FAULT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATION TO THE NORTH WEST SHELF, WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 555
Author(s):  
N. M. Lemon ◽  
T. Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sedimentary Sequence ◽  
Progressive Deformation ◽  
Plan View ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Analogue Modelling ◽  
Extensional Structures ◽  
Geometry And Kinematics

The North West Shelf of Western Australia is an area of known extensional control with a number of inbuilt complexities related to variations in direction of extension and the existence of early fracture sets. Analogue modelling in a sandbox of modest construction and proportions can imitate the style of structures imaged by seismic on the North West Shelf. Models were constructed to simulate deformation in a sedimentary sequence above simple listric, ramp/flat and complex 3D detachment surfaces. A new 3D technique has been devised to simulate progressive deformation above complex detachment morphologies. Analysis of the structures produced has been achieved by marrying sequential plan view photographs of the model surface with serial vertical sections of the bulk of the model once the experiment has been completed and the sand stabilised. This technique also has the ability to simulate geometry and kinematics of extensional structures in a complex polyphase area. This 3D technique has proven particularly useful in the understanding of structures developed in regions where the sedimentary sequence has been subject to more than one period of extension, each with different orientations. The models provide the first understanding of the areal distribution of fault patterns and associated subsidiary troughs in areas of complex detachments. These models show the distribution of pre-rift and syn-rift sediments in extensional terranes and are valuable in the prediction of deformation in areas of poor seismic quality and for confirmation of seismic interpretation.

New palaeoclimate record from ancient river channels in the eastern Sahara: Implications for climate impact on human dispersals during the late Quaternary

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdallah S. Zaki ◽  
Georgina E. King ◽  
Negar Haghipour ◽  
Frédéric Herman ◽  
Robert Giegengack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Alos Palsar ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
North West ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
The North

&lt;p&gt;Throughout the last 65,000 years, there have been several brief periods of increased temperatures and precipitation over the eastern Sahara.&amp;#160; These periods have been constrained by numerous proxies including: palaeodischarge and sediment-load estimates of the Nile River, cave speleothems, dust fluxes, fossil groundwater, marine sediments, and reconstructed palaeolake level fluctuations. These climate disturbances are widely considered to have affected both the migration patterns of anatomically modern humans and Holocene human settlements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, these proxies can not be directly translated into precipitation intensity which would have had a profound impact on human activities, as intense precipitation events would make settlements next to rivers hazardous places to live. Here we reconstruct the paleoenvironmental conditions of six palaeoriver channel systems preserved over a ca 40&amp;#8217;000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; area in southern Egypt using geochronological, palaeohydrological and sedimentological techniques. These palaeorivers deposits are currently topographically inverted due to wind deflation. Despite previous attempts at dating these river channels using Acheulean artifacts and pottery shards collected from within the channel bodies, their age remains contentious between the middle Pleistocene to Holocene. Here we provide refined age constraints using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) coupled with Carbon-14 dating. Our results show that these rivers record at least 8 episodes of fluvial deposition distributed between 53 &amp;#177; 7 ka and 1 &amp;#177; 0.25 ka ago.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In addition, we estimate, using channel geometry (width and height) and median grain size (D&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;), the palaeoslope, palaeovelocity, and palaeodischarge of these ancient inverted channels. Combining these parameters with estimates of palaeodrainage areas (based on digital elevation models (derived from ALOS PALSAR data) and Hack&amp;#8217;s law) allows us to assess palaeoprecipitation rates in the range of 50 &amp;#177; 10 mm/h during the incision of these palaeorivers. These rates indicate relatively intense periods of precipitation and important sediment transport periods during the early to mid-Holocene pluvial period in the Sahara compared with previous pluvial periods. Our results show that during these warmer and wetter periods the precipitation occurred in intense periods, which we suggest created hazardous environments close to the rivers and thus causing forcing human migration away from the rivers into the West and North. This, therefore, gives a plausible mechanism for the dispersal of human settlements from the South of Egyptian Sahara to the North-West 8,500 to 5,300 years ago.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Feasibility of the Sar Technique on Quartz Sand of Terraces of NW Himalaya: A Case Study from Devprayag

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (-1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Jaiswal ◽  
Pradeep Srivastava ◽  
Jayant Tripathi ◽  
Rafique Islam
Keyword(s):  
Luminescence Intensity ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Active Tectonics ◽  
Nw Himalaya ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Quartz Grains

Feasibility of the Sar Technique on Quartz Sand of Terraces of NW Himalaya: A Case Study from DevprayagOptically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating technique based on the Single Aliquot Regenerative dose (SAR) protocol is being used increasingly as a means of establishing sediment burial age in the late Quaternary studies. Thermal transfer, low and changing luminescence sensitivity of quartz grains of young sedimentary belts of the New Zealand Alps and the north-east Himalaya poses problems in using SAR protocol. Records of active tectonics and signatures of palaeo-climate are preserved in the Quaternary - Holocene terrace sediments. Therefore, to unfold the history of successive tectonic and palaeo-climate events, robust chronological technique is needed. Palaeoflood deposits in NW Lesser Himalayan region receive quartz from the weathering of various rock types such as quartzite and phyllite in the Alaknanda Basin. A series of tests e.g. dose recovery, preheat plateau, thermal recuperation and change in sensitivity, were performed to check the suitability of quartz grains collected from the terrace sediment of Devprayag of the NW Himalaya, for OSL studies. Inferences were drawn regarding the source of the quartz grains on the basis of the geochemistry and luminescence intensity of the terrace sediment. The study shows that though quartz from the North West Himalaya are low in luminescence intensity but the reproducibility of De value makes the quartz sand suitable for SAR dating technique. Relation between luminescence intensity with CIA values help to predict the provenance of quartz sand. Tests show that the quartz from NW Himalaya is suitable for SAR protocol in OSL.

scholarly journals VÝZKUM POZDNĚ KVARTÉRNÍ AKTIVITY ZLOMU KOSÍŘE V HORNOMORAVSKÉM ÚVALU ANEB PROČ JE DOBRÉ STUDOVAT SVAHOVINY A SEISMOGRAMY

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Špaček ◽  
Vít Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Fault Scarp ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Normal Faulting ◽  
Major Fault ◽  
Complex Sequences

Preliminary results of a research into the late Quaternary slip of a major fault in the seismically active Upper Morava Basin are given. Three trenches, up to 6 m deep, were excavated at the foot of the Kosíř Fault scarp near Stařechovice and Čelechovice. The exposed complex sequences of colluvium and loess, now only partly dated by OSL and 14C, is heavily faulted. The faulting is explained by a tectonic slip at the Kosíř Fault and, in the Stařechovice trench, also by simultaneous slope deformations. None of the faults do off set the Holocene topsoil but the youngest of them were clearly active aft er the deposition of the youngest loess and indicate the slip of up to 1.4 m in Late Pleistocene. In Čelechovice trenches the minimum vertical throw of 4 m is indicated for the lower part of the sequence with assumed Late Pleistocene age. The geometry of the deformed zone suggests an oblique normal faulting with significant strike-slip component. The sense of shearing in the horizontal plane was not resolved. Minimum tectonic slip rate of 0.1‒0.3 mm/year in Late Pleistocene is suggested but this must be confi rmed by new dating. Our observations reveal surprisingly young and large deformation which may suggest a temporary increase of tectonic activity during Late Pleistocene.

scholarly journals Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo: A review of recent records from Western Australia and Australian external territories

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Marcus Singor
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Swan Coastal Plain

All Australian records of the Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo are summarised. Before 2016, the only Australian records of the Eurasian Hobby were on external territories to the north-west of the mainland. Each year between 2016 and 2021 a single Eurasian Hobby was observed as an austral summer visitor to the Swan Coastal Plain in south-western Western Australia. These sightings involved an adult in 2016, 2019 and 2020, and single immature birds in 2017–2018. The age of the Hobby seen in 2020–2021 was undetermined. As it appears that multiple individuals have been recorded across years, it is likely that the species is now more than just an accidental vagrant to Australia.

Development of a Late Quaternary Marine Terraced Landscape during On-Going Tectonic Contraction, Crescent City Coastal Plain, California

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Polenz ◽  
Harvey M. Kelsey
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Thrust Fault ◽  
Cascadia Subduction Zone ◽  
Marine Terrace ◽  
Crescent City ◽  
The North ◽  
Marine Terraces ◽  
Tectonically Active

The Crescent City coastal plain is a low-lying surface of negligible relief that lies on the upper plate of the Cascadia subduction zone in northernmost California. Whereas coastal reaches to the north in southern Oregon and to the south near Cape Mendocino contain flights of deformed marine terraces from which a neotectonic history can be deduced, equivalent terraces on the Crescent City coastal plain are not as pronounced. Reexamination of the coastal plain revealed three late Pleistocene marine terraces, identified on the basis of subtle geomorphic boundaries and further delineated by differentiable degrees of soil development. The youngest marine terrace is preserved in the axial valley of a broad syncline, and the two older marine terraces face each other across the axial region. An active thrust fault, previously recognized offshore, underlies the coastal plain, and folding in the hanging wall of this thrust fault has dictated, through differential uplift, the depositional limits of each successive marine terrace unit. This study demonstrates the importance of local structures in coastal landscape evolution along tectonically active coastlines and exemplifies the utility of soil relative-age determinations to identify actively growing folds in landscapes of low relief.

XVIII.—Recent Oceanographical Investigations in the Faroe-Shetland Channel

1957 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Volume Transport ◽  
Oceanic Water ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

SynopsisThe Faroe-Shetland Channel is the threshold from the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean to north-west European seas. Through it passes the main bulk of the oceanic water-mass which is the predominant influx, among several other water-masses, to these seas.The following research into the dynamics and general hydrography of the region is based on numerous observations of temperature and salinity, from surface to bottom, taken mainly on two vertical cross-sections of the Channel between the years 1927 and 1952 inclusive, excepting the war years 1940 to 1945.The research reveals very large scale seasonal and long-term variations in the northeastward volume-transport of oceanic water, suggests the existence on occasions of what appear to be horizontal tortional currents within the oceanic water-mass, and demonstrates (a) the intrusion of Gulf of Gibraltar (extra-Mediterranean) water into this mass over a period of years, (b) the formation of heavy oceanic water and (c) of a sub-oceanic watermass. The last-mentioned may sometimes almost entirely displace the bottom Norwegian Sea water-mass which normally underlies the oceanic mass.One or other, or both, of two types of Arctic water may also sometimes displace bottom Norwegian Sea water as the bottom water-mass of the region, the process, like that of the above-mentioned Gulf of Gibraltar water influx, waxing and waning over a term of years and thus exemplifying the phenomenon of marine climatic change.

Spatio-temporal behaviour of continental transform faults: implications from the late Quaternary slip history of the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1218-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cengiz Zabcı
Keyword(s):  
Shear Zone ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Secondary Structures ◽  
North Anatolian Fault ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Temporal Behaviour ◽  
The North ◽  
Slip History ◽  
History Of

The slip history of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) is constrained by displacement and age data for the last 550 ka. First, I classified all available geological estimates as members of three groups: Model I for the eastern, Model II for the central, and Model III for the western segments where the North Anatolian Shear Zone gradually widens from east to west. The short-term uniform slip solutions yield similar results, 17.5 +4/–3.5 mm/a, 18.9 +3.7/–3.3 mm/a, and 16.9 +1.2/–1.1 mm/a from east to the west. Although these model rates do not show any significant spatial variations among themselves, the correlation with geodetic estimates, ranging between 15 mm/a and 28 mm/a for different sections of the NAF, displays significant discrepancies especially for the central and western segments of the fault. Discrepancies suggest that most strain is accumulated along the NAF, but some portion of it is distributed along secondary structures of the North Anatolian Shear Zone. The deformation rate is constant at least for the last 195 ka, whereas the limited number of data show strain transfer from northern to the southern strand between 195 and 320 ka BP in the Marmara Region when the incremental slip rate decreases to 13.2 +3.1/–2.9 mm/a for the northern strand of the NAF. Considering the possible uncertainties of incremental displacements and their timings, more studies on slip rate are needed at different sites, including major structural elements of the North Anatolian Shear Zone. Although most of the strain is localized along the main displacement zone, the NAF, secondary structures are still capable of generating earthquakes that can hardly reach Mw 7.

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