scholarly journals The Performance of Physically Based and Conceptual Hydrologic Models: A Case Study for Makkah Watershed, Saudi Arabia

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1098
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Al-Areeq ◽  
Muhammad A. Al-Zahrani ◽  
Hatim O. Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Urbanizing Watershed ◽  
Flooding Events ◽  
Runoff Discharge

Population growth and land use modification in urban areas require the use of accurate tools for rainfall-runoff modeling, especially where the topography is complex. The recent improvement in the quality and resolution of remotely sensed precipitation satisfies a major need for such tools. A physically-based, fully distributed hydrologic model and a conceptual semi-distributed model, forced by satellite rainfall estimates, were used to simulate flooding events in a very arid, rapidly urbanizing watershed in Saudi Arabia. Observed peak discharge for two flood events was used to compare hydrographs simulated by the two models, one for calibration and one for validation. To further explore the effect of watershed heterogeneity, the hydrographs produced by three implementations of the conceptual were compared against each other and against the output of the physically-based model. The results showed the ability of the distributed models to capture the effect of the complex topography and variability of land use and soils of the watershed. In general, the GSSHA model required less calibration and performed better than HEC-HMS. This study confirms that the semi-distributed HEC-HMS model cannot be used without calibration, while the GSSHA model can be the best option in the case of a lack of data. Although the two models showed good agreement at the calibration point, there were significant differences in the runoff, discharge, and infiltration values at interior points of the watershed.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Hydraulic and Hydrologic Parameters in Assessing Storm System Flooding

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basim K. Nile
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water System ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Physically Based Models ◽  
Runoff Discharge ◽  
Sensitive Parameters

Storm sewer systems face many challenges in urban areas, in particular those systems which are old and surpassing their design period. This study has used data from an urbanized, subcatchment covering 360 ha of dead run watershed in the Alkadeer district, Karbala, Iraq. Physically based models, Autodesk Storm and Sanitary Analysis (ASSA) and multiple nonlinear regression (MNLR), were applied. Hydrology data from 1980 to 2013 were inputted and examined over three scenarios. The results indicated that significant increase in peak flooding was produced by an increase in discharge values which may occur through a higher rainfall intensity. The model was examined and new equations were developed that may help us to better understand the hydraulic and hydrologic simulations that are identified as having the potential to better protect the environment against sudden rainfall intensities. The ratio of area of subcatchment to cross-sectional area of a pipe (Ac/Ap), the ratio of slope of subcatchment to slope of a pipe (Sc/Sp), and the ratio of velocity in subcatchment to velocity in a pipe (Vc/Vp) were the most sensitive parameters informing the ratio of runoff discharge of a subcatchment pipe discharge (Qc/Qp). This study suggests that a more effective management of the storm water system under critical circumstances could be achieved by limiting the above parameters and this increases the efficiency of storm water facilities.

STUDI EVALUASI JARINGAN DRAINASE JALAN DANAU MANINJAU RAYA KOTA MALANG

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Joko Setiono
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Discharge Time ◽  
Flow Problems ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Drainage Capacity ◽  
Runoff Discharge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Along with the very rapid growth of urban areas in Indonesia, urban drainage problems is increasing as well. In general, the handling of drainage in many cities in Indonesia still partial, so it does not solve the problem completely flooding and inundation. Changes in land use due to increasing population growth, requires an adequate supply of residential land, the impact of which directly increases the discharge surface runoff will be collected in drainage channels. Sawojajar Housing is one of the biggest housing in the city of Malang, where the housing development, keep a few problems, one of the flood that happened in 2008 and the incidence of every rainy season yaang inundation caused by the drainage capacity is not accommodating discharge runoff, due to changes in land use and waste sludge. From the analysis of the magnitude of the runoff discharge using recent data, the amount of runoff discharge time 2-year anniversary of 1.66 - 2:32 m3/sec and time again for 5 years 2.1 - 4.2 m3/sec. The dimensions of the existing channel is still accommodate runoff discharge is seen from the criteria condition that occurs sub critical flow (flow). Problems that occur in the hydraulic aspects of the meeting Maninjau Jalan channel as a primary channel that is too upright dg channel Maninjau road so no back-flow, water can not get in and not be able to accommodate discharge from the channel Maninjau Road.  Keyword: Flow, Drainage, Flood

scholarly journals Comparing the capability of distributed and lumped hydrologic models for analyzing the effects of land use change

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murari Paudel ◽  
E. James Nelson ◽  
Charles W. Downer ◽  
Rollin Hotchkiss
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Distributed Models

Empirically based lumped hydrologic models have an extensive track record of use for various engineering applications. Physically based, multi-dimensional distributed models have also been in development and use for many years. Despite the availability of high resolution data, better computational resources and robust, numerical methods implemented in such models, their usage is still limited, especially in the realm of surface water runoff simulation. Lumped models are often extended to solve complex hydrologic problems that may be beyond their capabilities. Here we attempt to differentiate the ability of lumped and distributed models to analyze a common watershed development issue such as land use change. For this, we employ two common US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) models, well established in the literature and application, using the Hydrologic Engineering Center – Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model in a fully lumped mode and the fully distributed model Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA). A synthetic watershed is used to establish that a distributed model like GSSHA more intuitively simulates land use change scenarios by distinguishing the spatial location of the change and its effects on the watershed response. An actual watershed at Tifton, Georgia is used to validate the observations made from the synthetic watershed.

The limitations of assessing impacts of land use changes on runoff with a distributed hydrological model: case study of the Hron River

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Hlavčová ◽  
Ján Szolgay ◽  
Silvia Kohnová ◽  
Oliver Horvát
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Model Case ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Runoff Regime

AbstractA distributed hydrological model was applied for estimating changes in a runoff regime due to land use changes. The upper Hron river basin, which has an area of 1766 km2 and is located in central Slovakia, was selected as the pilot basin. A physically-based rainfall-runoff model with distributed parameters was used for modelling runoff from rainfall and melting snow. The parameters of the model were estimated using climate data from 1981–2000 and from three digital map layers: a land-use map, soil map and digital elevation model. Several scenarios of changes in land use were prepared, and the runoff under the new land use conditions was simulated. Long-term mean annual runoff components and the design maximal mean daily discharges with a return period from 5 to 100 years under the previous and changed land uses were estimated and compared. The simulated runoff changes were confronted with expert judgments and estimates from the literature. Limitations of the use of distributed models for estimating land use changes are discussed.

scholarly journals Additional Value of Using Satellite-Based Soil Moisture and Two Sources of Groundwater Data for Hydrological Model Calibration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Cüneyd Demirel ◽  
Alparslan Özen ◽  
Selen Orta ◽  
Emir Toker ◽  
Hatice Kübra Demir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Model Calibration ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Lumped Model ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Spatial Calibration

Although the complexity of physically based models continues to increase, they still need to be calibrated. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using new satellite technologies and products with high resolution in model evaluations and decision-making. The aim of this study is to investigate the value of different remote sensing products and groundwater level measurements in the temporal calibration of a well-known hydrologic model i.e. HBV. This has been rarely done for conceptual models as satellite data are often used in spatial calibration of the distributed models. Three different soil moisture products from ESA CCI SM v04.4, AMSR-E and SMAP, and total water storage anomalies from GRACE are collected and spatially averaged over the Moselle River Basin in Germany and France. Different combinations of objective functions and search algorithms all targeting a good fit between observed and simulated streamflow, groundwater and soil moisture are used to analyse the contribution of each individual source of information. Firstly, the most important parameters are selected using sensitivity analysis and then, these parameters are included in a subsequent model calibration. The results of our multi-objective calibration reveal substantial contribution of remote sensing products to the lumped model calibration even if their spatially distributed information is lost during the spatial aggregation. Inclusion of new observations such as groundwater levels from wells and remotely sensed soil moisture to the calibration improves the model’s physical behaviour while it keeps a reasonable water balance that is the key objective of every hydrologic model.

scholarly journals Isolating the impacts of land use and climate change on streamflow

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 3633-3651 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Chawla ◽  
P. P. Mujumdar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Infiltration Capacity

Abstract. Quantifying the isolated and integrated impacts of land use (LU) and climate change on streamflow is challenging as well as crucial to optimally manage water resources in river basins. This paper presents a simple hydrologic modeling-based approach to segregate the impacts of land use and climate change on the streamflow of a river basin. The upper Ganga basin (UGB) in India is selected as the case study to carry out the analysis. Streamflow in the river basin is modeled using a calibrated variable infiltration capacity (VIC) hydrologic model. The approach involves development of three scenarios to understand the influence of land use and climate on streamflow. The first scenario assesses the sensitivity of streamflow to land use changes under invariant climate. The second scenario determines the change in streamflow due to change in climate assuming constant land use. The third scenario estimates the combined effect of changing land use and climate over the streamflow of the basin. Based on the results obtained from the three scenarios, quantification of isolated impacts of land use and climate change on streamflow is addressed. Future projections of climate are obtained from dynamically downscaled simulations of six general circulation models (GCMs) available from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) project. Uncertainties associated with the GCMs and emission scenarios are quantified in the analysis. Results for the case study indicate that streamflow is highly sensitive to change in urban areas and moderately sensitive to change in cropland areas. However, variations in streamflow generally reproduce the variations in precipitation. The combined effect of land use and climate on streamflow is observed to be more pronounced compared to their individual impacts in the basin. It is observed from the isolated effects of land use and climate change that climate has a more dominant impact on streamflow in the region. The approach proposed in this paper is applicable to any river basin to isolate the impacts of land use change and climate change on the streamflow.

scholarly journals Additional Value of Using Satellite-Based Soil Moisture and Two Sources of Groundwater Data for Hydrological Model Calibration

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demirel ◽  
Özen ◽  
Orta ◽  
Toker ◽  
Demir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Earth Observing System ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Individual Source ◽  
Spatial Calibration ◽  
Additional Value

Although the complexity of physically-based models continues to increase, they still need to be calibrated. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using new satellite technologies and products with high resolution in model evaluations and decision-making. The aim of this study is to investigate the value of different remote sensing products and groundwater level measurements in the temporal calibration of a well-known hydrologic model i.e., Hydrologiska Bryåns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV). This has rarely been done for conceptual models, as satellite data are often used in the spatial calibration of the distributed models. Three different soil moisture products from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Soil Measure (ESA CCI SM v04.4), The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer on the Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua satellite (AMSR-E), soil moisture active passive (SMAP), and total water storage anomalies from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) are collected and spatially averaged over the Moselle River Basin in Germany and France. Different combinations of objective functions and search algorithms, all targeting a good fit between observed and simulated streamflow, groundwater and soil moisture, are used to analyze the contribution of each individual source of information.

Assessing Floods and Droughts direct impacts in sub-Saharan Africa by using a regional hydrologic model: a fully probabilistic approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabellani Simone ◽  
Roberto Rudari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Floods And Droughts ◽  
Sub Saharan

<p>Over the last few decades, disasters resulting from natural hazards have often derailed hard-earned development progress. This is especially true in developing countries such as in sub-Saharan Africa which was the object of this study. The majority of disasters in Africa are hydro-meteorological in origin, with droughts affecting the largest number of people and floods occurring frequently along major river systems and in many urban areas. Disasters, however, can be significantly minimised with rigorous understanding of the risk, obtained using scientific risk modelling and through effective institutional and community prevention, mitigation and preparedness. Specifically, this study focuses on the risk assessment due to both Floods and Droughts in 16 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study describes the crucial role of a physically based regional hydrologic model as a common engine to assess drought and flood hazard and their subsequent risk implications on people and economy. The hydrologic simulations are at the basis of the fully probabilistic approach adopted in the study. The study develops risk estimates in both current and future climate conditions, using RCP8.5 projections, paired with socio economic development (i.e., considering population and GDP growth). Results are discussed in terms of impacts on population and different key sectors of the African economy, such as agriculture and infrastructure, while especially focusing on the direct economic losses caused by flood and drought disasters and on the  food security implications of drought disasters.</p>

scholarly journals Modelling in support of an interdisciplinary approach to ecosystem restitution

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Mark Rubarenzya ◽  
Jan Staes ◽  
Patrick Willems ◽  
Jean Berlamont ◽  
Patrick Meire
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Land Use Model ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Extreme Hydrological Events ◽  
Ecohydrological Model

Modelling in support of an interdisciplinary approach to ecosystem restitution This paper reports on a study being undertaken to analyze the potential effects of rewetting when undertaken for the restitution of the catchment ecosystem of the Grote Nete catchment. In bringing together the expertise of both ecological and hydrological modelers, this study aims at ensuring that the science being performed is immediately relevant from both the environmental management and the socio-political perspectives. Like many European catchments, Grote Nete has been experiencing an increase in extreme hydrological events. In addition, there has been a decline in the ecological value of the catchment ecosystem. The problem is considered to be a conflict of interests arising between urban/agricultural and nature conservation needs. Rewetting has been considered as a possible intervention to reverse these trends. However, a shortcoming with rewetting is that the hydrological consequences remain largely unknown. A numerical model has been developed to study these potential effects. A land use model, SPAN was developed and coupled to a physically-based, fully distributed model (MIKE SHE) to complete an ecohydrological model. The paper describes the development of the model.

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