Incidence of Watershed Land Use on the Consumption of Meso and Microplastics by Fish Communities in Uruguayan Lowland Streams

Physical-chemical and biologicaldiversity of streams are influenced by the land use in their watersheds. Plastics currently make up the most important waste asset, representing an important part of the transported and accumulated material in water courses. This work analyzes the consumption of plastics debris by the fish communities in streams with two contrasting types of land use. We worked with threestreams impacted by urbanization and threeby extensive ranching. The stomach and intestinal contents of 309 individuals of 29 species were analyzed, by a modified alkaline digestion, and observed under a stereo microscope with polarized light. A total of 373 plastic itemswere found, of which the majority corresponded to fibers (318). A significant difference was found between the percentage of individuals that consumed plastic debrisbetween both systems (51.6% in ranchers and 76.6% in urban, p = 0.014 Mood’s Median), but no difference was found in the average ingested per individual. This study establishes the first baseline on plastic debris consumption by fish in Uruguayan streams, showing the extent of the plastic and microplastic pollution problem. Although there are differences between the analyzed sites, we also observed significant contamination in streams far from urbanization.

Download Full-text

Avaliação da Qualidade da Água em Microbacias Hidrográficas do Extremo Sul da Bahia, Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v13.5.p2447-2461 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2447

Author(s):

Reinaldo Brandi Abreu Bifano ◽

Catarina Da Rocha Marcolin ◽

Maria Otávia Silva Crepaldi ◽

Raquel Viana Quinelato ◽

Adriana Tiemi Ramos Okumura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Land Use ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Principal Component ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Rainy Period ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Significant Difference

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da água das microbacias dos rios Jardim e Mutari, situadas no Extremo Sul da Bahia, através da avaliação de parâmetros físicos, químicos, microbiológicos e do uso e ocupação da terra. Para isso foram realizadas quatro coletas, em abril, maio, julho e outubro de 2019, em 8 pontos amostrais, selecionados de acordo com possíveis fontes pontuais e difusas de poluição. Foram analisados os parâmetros temperatura, potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), salinidade, oxigênio dissolvido (OD), demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), nitrito, nitrato, amônia, nitrogênio total (NT), fósforo total (PT), sólidos dissolvidos totais, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, que foram comparados com o estabelecido pela CONAMA n° 357/2005. Já as análises de uso e ocupação da terra, foram realizadas utilizando o software QGIS. Com os resultados obtidos observou-se que os parâmetros pH, OD, DBO, PT e NT apresentaram valores em desacordo com o permitido pela legislação, principalmente nos pontos próximos às áreas urbanizadas. A análise estatística multivariada PCA, permitiu identificar diferenças na qualidade da água das microbacias no período seco e chuvoso.Já o teste Kruskal-Wallis indicou diferença significativa entre os ambientes analisados. Nossos resultados indicam que é de suma importância a tomada de ações por parte do poder público que visem minimizar os impactos causados pelo uso e ocupação desordenada da terra e atividades agrícolas na qualidade da água dessas bacias hidrográficas. Cabe destacar também a importância de ações voltadas a educação ambiental principalmente da população ribeirinha. Water Quality Assessment in Hydrographic Watersheds in the Extreme South of Bahia, BrazilA B S T R A C TThis study aimed to evaluate the water quality of the Jardim and Mutari rivers, located in southern Bahia, by means of evaluating physical, chemical and microbiological parameters and land use and occupation. Four campaigns were carried out in April, May, July, and October, 2019, at 8 stations, selected according to possible punctual and diffusive sources of pollution. The water quality results were compared with that established by CONAMA n.º 357/2005and the Water Quality Index (IQA) was calculated from these. For data analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also performed and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied, using the PAST software.The land use and occupation analyses were performed using the QGIS software. We observed that the pH, OD, DBO, PT and NT were in disagreement with those allowed by the legislation, mainly near urban areas. The multivariate statistical analysis PCA, allowed to identify differences in the water quality of the watersheds in the dry and rainy period. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated a significant difference between the environments analyzed.The supervised classification confirmed the need to recover areas along the riverbed within the analyzed micro-basins.Our results indicate it is crucial that public authorities act to minimize the impacts caused by the disorderly urban occupation and agricultural activities. It is also worth mentioning the importance of actions aimed at environmental education, mainly of the riverside population.Keywords: water quality, physical, chemical and biological parameters, hydrographic basins, rivers.

Download Full-text

Physical, Chemical, and Biological Methods and Data from the Urban Land-Use-Gradient Study, Des Plaines and Fox River Basins, Illinois, 1999-2001

Open-File Report ◽

10.3133/ofr2001459 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Debbie L. Adolphson ◽

Terri L. Arnold ◽

Faith A. Fitzpatrick ◽

Mitchell A. Harris ◽

Kevin D. Richards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

River Basins ◽

Urban Land ◽

Urban Land Use ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Biological Methods ◽

Fox River

Download Full-text

Relations of stream fish communities to physical and chemical parameters and land use in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain Ecoregion

Open-File Report ◽

10.3133/ofr0331 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Brian J. Caskey

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Fish Communities ◽

Alluvial Plain ◽

Stream Fish ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical

Download Full-text

The impact of watershed land use on maintaining acceptable quality influents for water treatment plants

Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology—AQUA ◽

10.2166/aqua.2003.0052 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 52 (8) ◽

pp. 587-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bilsen Beler Baykal ◽

Aysegul Tanik ◽

I. Ethem Gonenc

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Watershed Land Use ◽

Water Treatment Plants ◽

Acceptable Quality ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

Land-Use Impact on Stand Structure and Fruit Yield of Tamarindus indica L. in the Drylands of Southeastern Ethiopia

Life ◽

10.3390/life11050408 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 408

Author(s):

Gizachew Zeleke ◽

Tatek Dejene ◽

Wubalem Tadesse ◽

Pablo Martín-Pinto

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Tree Density ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Tamarindus Indica ◽

Land Use Types ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Management Plans ◽

Baseline Information

In this study, we evaluated stand status, dendrometric variables, and fruit production of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) trees growing in bushland and farmland-use types in dryland areas of Ethiopia. The vegetation survey was conducted using the point-centered quarter method. The fruit yield of 54 trees was also evaluated. Tree density and fruit production in ha were estimated. There was a significant difference in Tamarind tree density between the two land-use types (p = 0.01). The mean fruit yield of farmland trees was significantly higher than that of bushland trees. However, Tamarind has unsustainable structure on farmlands. Differences in the dendrometric characteristics of trees were also observed between the two land-use types. Predictive models were selected for Tamarind fruit yield estimations in both land-use types. Although the majority of farmland trees produced <5000 fruit year−1, the selection of Tamarind germplasm in its natural ranges could improve production. Thus, the development of management plans to establish stands that have a more balanced diameter structure and thereby ensure continuity of the population and fruit yields is required in this area, particularly in the farmlands. This baseline information could assist elsewhere in areas that are facing similar challenges for the species due to land-use change.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Seasonal Variability in Soil Nutrients and Its Impact on Soil Quality under Different Land Use Systems of Lower Shiwalik Foothills of Himalaya, India

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031398 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1398

Author(s):

Tavjot Kaur ◽

Simerpreet Kaur Sehgal ◽

Satnam Singh ◽

Sandeep Sharma ◽

Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Seasonal Effects ◽

Land Use Systems ◽

Post Monsoon ◽

Significant Difference

The present study was conducted to investigate the seasonal effects of five land use systems (LUSs), i.e., wheat–rice (Triticum aestivum—Oryza sativa) system, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), orange (Citrus sinensis) orchard, safeda (Eucalyptus globules) forest, and grassland, on soil quality and nutrient status in the lower Satluj basin of the Shiwalik foothills Himalaya, India. Samples were analyzed for assessment of physico-chemical properties at four soil depths, viz., 0–15, 15–30, 30–45, and 45–60 cm. A total of 120 soil samples were collected in both the seasons. Soil texture was found to be sandy loam and slightly alkaline in nature. The relative trend of soil organic carbon (SOC), macro- and micro-nutrient content for the five LUSs was forest > orchard > grassland > wheat–rice > sugarcane, in the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. SOC was highly correlated with macronutrients and micronutrients, whereas SOC was negatively correlated with soil pH (r = −0.818). The surface soil layer (0–15 cm) had a significantly higher content of SOC, and macro- and micro-nutrients compared to the sub-surface soil layers, due to the presence of more organic content in the soil surface layer. Tukey’s multiple comparison test was applied to assess significant difference (p < 0.05) among the five LUSs at four soil depths in both the seasons. Principle component analysis (PCA) identified that SOC and electrical conductivity (EC) were the most contributing soil indicators among the different land use systems, and that the post-monsoon season had better soil quality compared to the pre-monsoon season. These indicators helped in the assessment of soil health and fertility, and to monitor degraded agroecosystems for future soil conservation.

Download Full-text

Shellfish Chitosan Potential in Wine Clarification

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11104417 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 4417

Author(s):

Veronica Vendramin ◽

Gaia Spinato ◽

Simone Vincenzi

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structure ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Allergic Reactions ◽

Chitin Content ◽

Deacetylation Degree ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Similar Chemical ◽

Fungal Chitosan ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fish Industry

Chitosan is a chitin-derived fiber, extracted from the shellfish shells, a by-product of the fish industry, or from fungi grown in bioreactors. In oenology, it is used for the control of Brettanomyces spp., for the prevention of ferric, copper, and protein casse and for clarification. The International Organisation of Vine and Wine established the exclusive utilization of fungal chitosan to avoid the eventuality of allergic reactions. This work focuses on the differences between two chitosan categories, fungal and animal chitosan, characterizing several samples in terms of chitin content and degree of deacetylation. In addition, different acids were used to dissolve chitosans, and their effect on viscosity and on the efficacy in wine clarification were observed. The results demonstrated that even if fungal and animal chitosans shared similar chemical properties (deacetylation degree and chitin content), they showed different viscosity depending on their molecular weight but also on the acid used to dissolve them. A significant difference was discovered on their fining properties, as animal chitosans showed a faster and greater sedimentation compared to the fungal ones, independently from the acid used for their dissolution. This suggests that physical–chemical differences in the molecular structure occur between the two chitosan categories and that this significantly affects their technologic (oenological) properties.

Download Full-text

Impact of Land Use Change on Water Conservation: A Case Study of Zhangjiakou in Yongding River

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13010022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Tianshi Pan ◽

Lijun Zuo ◽

Zengxiang Zhang ◽

Xiaoli Zhao ◽

Feifei Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Water Yield ◽

Special Focus ◽

Hydrological Process ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Yongding River

The implementation of ecological projects can largely change regional land use patterns, in turn altering the local hydrological process. Articulating these changes and their effects on ecosystem services, such as water conservation, is critical to understanding the impacts of land use activities and in directing future land planning toward regional sustainable development. Taking Zhangjiakou City of the Yongding River as the study area—a region with implementation of various ecological projects—the impact of land use changes on various hydrological components and water conservation capacity from 2000 to 2015 was simulated based on a soil and water assessment tool model (SWAT). An empirical regression model based on partial least squares was established to explore the contribution of different land use changes on water conservation. With special focus on the forest having the most complex effects on the hydrological process, the impacts of forest type and age on the water conservation capacity are discussed on different scales. Results show that between 2000 and 2015, the area of forest, grassland and cultivated land decreased by 0.05%, 0.98% and 1.64%, respectively, which reduces the regional evapotranspiration (0.48%) and soil water content (0.72%). The increase in settlement area (42.23%) is the main reason for the increase in water yield (14.52%). Most land use covered by vegetation has strong water conservation capacity, and the water conservation capacity of the forest is particularly outstanding. Farmland and settlements tend to have a negative effect on water conservation. The water conservation capacity of forest at all scales decreased significantly with the growth of forest (p < 0.05), while the water conservation capacity of different tree species had no significant difference. For the study area, increasing the forest area will be an effective way to improve the water conservation function, planting evergreen conifers can rapidly improve the regional water conservation capacity, while planting deciduous conifers is of great benefit to long-term sustainable development.

Download Full-text