scholarly journals Arctic Freshwater Environment Altered by the Accumulation of Commonly Determined and Potentially New POPs

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1739
Author(s):  
Klaudia Kosek ◽  
Marek Ruman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Accumulation Of Pollutants ◽  
Surrounding Landscape

Chemical composition of Arctic freshwater ecosystems depends on several factors. They include characteristics of the surrounding landscape, its lithology, geomorphology, vegetation, and hydrological features, as well as accumulation of anthropogenic pollution. In the Arctic, the problem of environmental contamination is widespread. That is why research on lakes and river catchments in terms of their chemical composition has enjoyed increasing interest among scientists worldwide. The freshwater reservoirs of the Arctic are fragile and particularly vulnerable to the uptake of pollutants that become trapped in the water and sediments for an extended period. This review summarises selected studies of freshwater bodies in the Arctic to highlight the problem of the accumulation of pollutants in these reservoirs. Moreover, it emphasises the possible negative impact of chemical pollutants on both animal and human health.

scholarly journals Current issues of environmental mercury pollution (review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-467
Author(s):  
V. N. Rakitskii ◽  
T. A. Synitskaya ◽  
Sergeii V. Skupnevskii
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Mercury Pollution ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Mercury Compounds ◽  
Mercury Intoxication

The review summarizes the results of studying the problem of environmental mercury pollution and associated risks to public health. Toxicological and hygienic studies include an analysis of the main sources of heavy metal emissions, ways of their distribution in the environment and biological effects on humans. The basis of anthropogenic pollution was shown to include the following: artisanal mining, coal burning and non-ferrous metal production. Out of the places of emissions metal is distributed with atmospheric air over long distances, as evidenced by the results of monitoring studies conducted in the Arctic and Antarctica. Pollution of water is extremely dangerous for human health, since it is proven that the main source of mercury intake is associated with the consumption of fish and seafood. In the soil horizon the toxicant is localized mainly in arable layers but in places where mercury-containing waste is stored, the metal can migrate to a depth of 18 m or more. Analysis of the mechanisms of adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion allows concluding: the greatest threat to health are metal-organic forms (methyl-and dimethyl-mercury), which is associated with the high lipophilicity of these compounds. On the example of Minamata disease there is given a description of the characteristic signs of mercury intoxication among which the Central nervous system is the leading one. There are presented the results of the research of biological effects of low metal concentrations and modern means of preventing negative impact on human health. Contact of the General population in production and everyday life determines the necessity for a comprehensive study and coverage of the effects associated with exposure of toxic mercury compounds.

Current issues of environmental mercury pollution (review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-467
Author(s):  
V. N. Rakitskii ◽  
T. A. Synitskaya ◽  
Sergeii V. Skupnevskii
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Mercury Pollution ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Mercury Compounds ◽  
Mercury Intoxication

The review summarizes the results of studying the problem of environmental mercury pollution and associated risks to public health. Toxicological and hygienic studies include an analysis of the main sources of heavy metal emissions, ways of their distribution in the environment and biological effects on humans. The basis of anthropogenic pollution was shown to include the following: artisanal mining, coal burning and non-ferrous metal production. Out of the places of emissions metal is distributed with atmospheric air over long distances, as evidenced by the results of monitoring studies conducted in the Arctic and Antarctica. Pollution of water is extremely dangerous for human health, since it is proven that the main source of mercury intake is associated with the consumption of fish and seafood. In the soil horizon the toxicant is localized mainly in arable layers but in places where mercury-containing waste is stored, the metal can migrate to a depth of 18 m or more. Analysis of the mechanisms of adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion allows concluding: the greatest threat to health are metal-organic forms (methyl-and dimethyl-mercury), which is associated with the high lipophilicity of these compounds. On the example of Minamata disease there is given a description of the characteristic signs of mercury intoxication among which the Central nervous system is the leading one. There are presented the results of the research of biological effects of low metal concentrations and modern means of preventing negative impact on human health. Contact of the General population in production and everyday life determines the necessity for a comprehensive study and coverage of the effects associated with exposure of toxic mercury compounds.

Chemical Composition of Atmospheric Aerosol in the Arctic Region and Adjoining Seas along the Routes of Marine Expeditions in 2018–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-489
Author(s):  
L. P. Golobokova ◽  
T. V. Khodzher ◽  
O. N. Izosimova ◽  
P. N. Zenkova ◽  
A. O. Pochyufarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Region

scholarly journals General Features of the Arctic Relevant to Climate Change in Freshwater Ecosystems

AMBIO ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 330-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Prowse ◽  
Frederick J. Wrona ◽  
James D. Reist ◽  
John E. Hobbie ◽  
Lucie M. J. Lévesque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
The Arctic

scholarly journals Effects of SO<sub>2</sub> oxidation on ambient aerosol growth in water and ethanol vapours

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Petäjä ◽  
V.-M. Kerminen ◽  
K. Hämeri ◽  
P. Vaattovaara ◽  
J. Joutsensaari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Ethanol Vapours ◽  
Hygroscopic Particles ◽  
Ultrafine Aerosol

Abstract. Hygroscopicity (i.e. water vapour affinity) of atmospheric aerosol particles is one of the key factors in defining their impacts on climate. Condensation of sulphuric acid onto less hygroscopic particles is expected to increase their hygrocopicity and hence their cloud condensation nuclei formation potential. In this study, differences in the hygroscopic and ethanol uptake properties of ultrafine aerosol particles in the Arctic air masses with a different exposure to anthropogenic sulfur pollution were examined. The main discovery was that Aitken mode particles having been exposed to polluted air were more hygroscopic and less soluble to ethanol than after transport in clean air. This aging process was attributed to sulphur dioxide oxidation and subsequent condensation during the transport of these particle to our measurement site. The hygroscopicity of nucleation mode aerosol particles, on the other hand, was approximately the same in all the cases, being indicative of a relatively similar chemical composition despite the differences in air mass transport routes. These particles had also been produced closer to the observation site typically 3–8 h prior to sampling. Apparently, these particles did not have an opportunity to accumulate sulphuric acid on their way to the site, but instead their chemical composition (hygroscopicity and ethanol solubility) resembled that of particles produced in the local or semi-regional ambient conditions.

scholarly journals Mineral Phase-Element Associations Based on Sequential Leaching of Ferromanganese Crusts, Amerasia Basin Arctic Ocean

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Konstantinova ◽  
James Hein ◽  
Amy Gartman ◽  
Kira Mizell ◽  
Pedro Barrulas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Ferromanganese Crusts ◽  
Sequential Leaching ◽  
Bottom Waters ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Chukchi Borderland

Ferromanganese (FeMn) crusts from Mendeleev Ridge, Chukchi Borderland, and Alpha Ridge, in the Amerasia Basin, Arctic Ocean, are similar based on morphology and chemical composition. The crusts are characterized by a two- to four-layered stratigraphy. The chemical composition of the Arctic crusts differs significantly from hydrogenetic crusts from elsewhere of global ocean by high mean Fe/Mn ratios, high As, Li, V, Sc, and Th concentrations, and high detrital contents. Here, we present element distributions through crust stratigraphic sections and element phase association using several complementary techniques such as SEM-EDS, LA-ICP-MS, and sequential leaching, a widely employed method of element phase association that dissolves mineral phases of different stability step-by-step: Exchangeable cations and Ca carbonates, Mn-oxides, Fe-hydroxides, and residual fraction. Sequential leaching shows that the Arctic crusts have higher contents of most elements characteristic of the aluminosilicate phase than do Pacific crusts. Elements have similar distributions between the hydrogenetic Mn and Fe phases in all the Arctic and Pacific crusts. The main host phases for the elements enriched in the Arctic crusts over Pacific crusts (Li, As, Th, and V) are the Mn-phase for Li and Fe-phase for As, Th, and V; those elements also have higher contents in the residual aluminosilicate phase. Thus, higher concentrations of Li, As, Th, and V likely occur in the dissolved and particulate phases in bottom waters where the Arctic crusts grow, which has been shown to be true for Sc, also highly enriched in the crusts. The phase distributions of elements within the crust layers is mostly consistent among the Arctic crusts, being somewhat different in element concentrations in the residual phase.

scholarly journals Inventory of the Voronezh Reservoir Anthropogenic Pollution Sources

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
The City

In the water body monitoring and quality management system the identification of negative impact sources is of high importance. The most striking example of anthropogenic changes of nature is pollution, that is introduction into the environment of substances and energy, alien for it, or peculiar to it, but in the concentration exceeding background indicators. Inventory of anthropogenic polluters of water ecosystems was carried out on the example of the Voronezh reservoir which is influenced potent impact of the city agglomeration surrounding it. The article presents the results of the carried out inventory. As the main sources of anthropogenic pollution of the water area of a reservoir leading to transformation of quality of waters were allocated: activity of the production enterprises, farming, transport and activity of the population of the city and suburbs. The pollutants allocated in a surrounding medium from these sources get to a reservoir with household drains; production sewage; atmospheric precipitation; a thawed and rain drain from the territory (including from the production platforms, farmlands, personal subsidiary farms); livestock production drains; underground waters; washing waters of water lifting stations; the water mass of the Voronezh River and the small city water currents coming negative impact of all listed above sources. The researches of chemical composition of snow cover of various functional zones of the city of Voronezh which are earlier conducted by the author showed that thawed snow contain the significant amount of the pollutants leading to adverse changes in a surrounding medium. Paths of migration of pollutants demonstrate ekologo-geochemical coherence of the water area of a reservoir and the adjacent territory. Following the results of a research the chip of sources of anthropogenic pollution, as well as the routes of pollutant movement in various environments and input to a reservoir has been developed. The practical significance of the developed scheme input to the possibility of its use for adoption of efficient administrative decisions by authorities in the field of regional water management policy.

scholarly journals Hygroscopicity and composition of Alaskan Arctic CCN during April 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 21789-21834
Author(s):  
R. H. Moore ◽  
R. Bahreini ◽  
C. A. Brock ◽  
K. D. Froyd ◽  
J. Cozic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
International Polar Year ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Alaskan Arctic ◽  
Air Mass Types ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. We present a comprehensive characterization of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) sampled in the Alaskan Arctic during the 2008 Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) project, a component of the POLARCAT and International Polar Year (IPY) initiatives. Four distinct air mass types were sampled including relatively pristine Arctic background conditions as well as biomass burning and anthropogenic pollution plumes. Despite differences in chemical composition, inferred aerosol hygroscopicities were fairly invariant and ranged from κ = 0.1–0.3 over the atmospherically-relevant range of water vapor supersaturations studied. Analysis of the individual mass spectral m/z 43 and 44 peaks from an aerosol mass spectrometer show the organic aerosols sampled to be well-oxygenated, consistent with with long-range transport and aerosol aging processes. However, inferred hygroscopicities are less than would be predicted based on previous parameterizations of biogenic oxygenated organic aerosol, suggesting an upper limit on organic aerosol hygroscopicity above which κ is less sensitive to the O:C ratio. Most Arctic aerosol act as CCN above 0.1 % supersaturation, although the data suggest the presence of an externally-mixed, non-CCN-active mode comprising approximately 0–20 % of the aerosol number. CCN closure was assessed using measured size distributions, bulk chemical composition measurements, and assumed aerosol mixing states; CCN predictions tended toward overprediction, with the best agreement (± 0–20 %) obtained by assuming the aerosol to be externally-mixed with soluble organics. Closure also varied with CCN concentration, and the best agreement was found for CCN concentrations above 100 cm−3 with a 1.5- to 3-fold overprediction at lower concentrations.

scholarly journals Measurement report: The chemical composition of and temporal variability in aerosol particles at Tuktoyaktuk, Canada, during the Year of Polar Prediction Second Special Observing Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 14199-14213
Author(s):  
John MacInnis ◽  
Jai Prakash Chaubey ◽  
Crystal Weagle ◽  
David Atkinson ◽  
Rachel Ying-Wen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Of Canada ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Abstract. The chemical composition, sources, and concentrations of aerosol particles vary on a seasonal basis in the Arctic. While existing research has focused on understanding the occurrence of aerosol particles during the Arctic winter and spring, less is known of their occurrence during the Arctic summer. In this study, atmospheric aerosol particle chemical composition and concentration were determined during July–September 2018 at Tuktoyaktuk, NT, Canada (69.4∘ N, 133.0∘ W), to coincide with the Year of Polar Prediction's Second Special Observing Period in the Arctic. The chemical composition of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10–2.5) aerosol filter samples suggests the ocean, mineral and/or road dust, and combustion were sources of the sampled aerosol particles. Mass concentrations of PM2 and PM10, estimated from optical particle counter measurements, remained within a similar range during the study. However, elevated mass concentrations coincided with a festival in the community of Tuktoyaktuk, suggesting local human activity was an important source of aerosol particles. Mass concentrations of PM2, which promote negative health effects in humans, were significantly lower at Tuktoyaktuk than the national air quality standard recommended by the government of Canada. These measurements provide an important baseline to compare with future measurements associated with the assessment of aerosol chemistry and air quality in the Arctic.

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