scholarly journals Inventory of the Voronezh Reservoir Anthropogenic Pollution Sources

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
The City

In the water body monitoring and quality management system the identification of negative impact sources is of high importance. The most striking example of anthropogenic changes of nature is pollution, that is introduction into the environment of substances and energy, alien for it, or peculiar to it, but in the concentration exceeding background indicators. Inventory of anthropogenic polluters of water ecosystems was carried out on the example of the Voronezh reservoir which is influenced potent impact of the city agglomeration surrounding it. The article presents the results of the carried out inventory. As the main sources of anthropogenic pollution of the water area of a reservoir leading to transformation of quality of waters were allocated: activity of the production enterprises, farming, transport and activity of the population of the city and suburbs. The pollutants allocated in a surrounding medium from these sources get to a reservoir with household drains; production sewage; atmospheric precipitation; a thawed and rain drain from the territory (including from the production platforms, farmlands, personal subsidiary farms); livestock production drains; underground waters; washing waters of water lifting stations; the water mass of the Voronezh River and the small city water currents coming negative impact of all listed above sources. The researches of chemical composition of snow cover of various functional zones of the city of Voronezh which are earlier conducted by the author showed that thawed snow contain the significant amount of the pollutants leading to adverse changes in a surrounding medium. Paths of migration of pollutants demonstrate ekologo-geochemical coherence of the water area of a reservoir and the adjacent territory. Following the results of a research the chip of sources of anthropogenic pollution, as well as the routes of pollutant movement in various environments and input to a reservoir has been developed. The practical significance of the developed scheme input to the possibility of its use for adoption of efficient administrative decisions by authorities in the field of regional water management policy.

scholarly journals Possibilities for improvement of environmental monitoring of precipitation in the city (a case of Lutsk)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
State Monitoring ◽  
The City

Formulation of the problem. The environmental parameters of precipitation in the city often differ from the background values and require the special observations program. The existing state monitoring system does not reflect the spatial differentiation of such parameters in urban areas, so it needs to be improved. The purpose of the article: to find out the features of organization and implementation of rainfall environmental monitoring in urban areas, with the justification of the main parameters of observation and spatial placement of network points. Methods. The main results are based on the authors' experience in own observations on the amount, acidity and mineralization of precipitation in several quarters of Lutsk during 2015-2018. Results. Own observations and mapping of individual parameters of atmospheric precipitation in the city allowed to reveal the dependence of the indexes of acidity and mineralization on the amount of precipitation, air pollution, directions of air inflow, temperature, etc. The spatial differentiation of these indicators in the city is significant (the amplitude can reach up to 0.9 units of pH and 15-17 ppm of tds) and is related to the distribution of anthropogenic emissions and some microclimatic differences. Therefore, by organization the system of ecological monitoring of precipitation in the city it is necessary to focus on the definition of such basic parameters: pH, total mineralization, amount of precipitation, and also concomitant: water and air temperature, direction of airflows, carbon dioxide concentration, duration of the previous rainless period, etc. To select the representative locations for the control of precipitation in the city, it is necessary to analyze the following indicators: direction of prevailing winds, landscape and geomorphological features, the proximity of the most sources of anthropogenic contamination, building types etc. In this case, the minimum monitoring scheme should include such control points: the near and far outskirts (in relation to the arrival of prevailing air masses), the leeward sides of large industrial zones or transport interchanges, the largest green zone, area near the city water body, and several points (1-3) in residential areas. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The main parameters and principles of the spatial organization of environmental monitoring of rainwater in the city are identified. The algorithm for creation such network has been tested in Lutsk and can be used for realization in other cities. Automation of similar measurements based on microcontrollers will to create quality non-state monitoring networks with the display of data in real time.

Urbanization of fauna on the example of marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
A. P. Korzh ◽  
T. V. Zahovalko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Corrective Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Recently, the number of published works devoted to the processes of synanthropization of fauna, is growing like an avalanche, which indicates the extreme urgency of this theme. In our view, the process of forming devices to coexist with human and the results of his life reflects the general tandency of the modern nature evolution. Urbanization is characteristic for such a specific group of animals like amphibians, the evidence of which are numerous literature data. Many researchers use this group to assess the bioindicative quality of the environment. For this aim a variety of indicators are used: from the cellular level of life of organization up to the species composition of the group in different territories. At the same time, the interpretation of the results is not always comparable for different areas and often have significantly different interpretations by experts. Urban environment, primarily due to the contamination is extremely aggressive to amphibians. As a consequence, the urban populations of amphibians may be a change in the demographic structure, affecting the reproductive ability of the population, the disappearance of the most sensitive species or individuals, resizing animals, the appearance of abnormalities in the development, etc. At the same time play an important amphibians in the ecosystems of cities, and some species in these conditions even feel relatively comfortable. Therefore, it is interesting to understand the mechanisms of self-sustaining populations of amphibians in urban environments. To assess the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the development of amphibian populations were used cognitive modeling using the program Vensim PLE. Cognitive map of the model for urban and suburban habitat conditions were the same. The differences concerned the strength of connections between individual factors (migration, fertility, pollution) and their orientation. In general, factors like pollution, parasites, predators had negative impact on the population, reducing its number. The birth rate, food and migration contributed to raising number of individuals. Some of the factors affected on the strength to of each other as well: the majority of the factors affected the structure of the population, had an influence on the fertility. Thanks to it the model reflects the additive effect of complex of factors on the subsequent status of the population. Proposed and analyzed four scenarios differing strength and duration of exposure. In the first scenario, a one-time contamination occurs and not subsequently repeated. The second and third scenario assumes half board contamination, 1 year (2 scenario) and two years (scenario 3). In the fourth scenario, the pollution affected the population of amphibians constantly. In accordance with the results of simulation, much weaker than the natural populations respond to pollution - have them as an intensive population growth and its disappearance at constant pollution is slow. Changes to other parameters of the model showed that this pollution is the decisive factor -only the constant action leads to a lethal outcome for the populations. All other components of the model have a corrective effect on the population dynamics, without changing its underlying trand. In urban areas due to the heavy impact of pollution maintaining the population is only possible thanks to the migration process – the constant replenishment of diminishing micropopulations of natural reserves. This confirms the assumption that the form of existence metapopulations lake frog in the city. In order to maintain the number of amphibians in urban areas at a high level it is necessary to maintain existing migration routes and the creation of new ones. Insular nature of the placement of suitable habitats in urban areas causes the metapopulation structure of the types of urbanists. Therefore, the process of urbanization is much easier for those species whicht are capable of migration in conditions of city. In the initial stages of settling the city micropopulationis formed by selective mortality of the most susceptible individuals to adverse effects. In future, maintaining the categories of individuals is provided mainly due to migration processes metapopulisation form of the species of existence is supported). It should be noted that the changes in the previous levels are always saved in future. In the case of reorganizations of individuals we of morphology can assume the existence of extremely adverse environmental conditions that threaten the extinction of the micropopulations. 

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

scholarly journals Modeling the City Distribution System Reliability with Bayesian Networks to Identify Influence Factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Liyu Zhu ◽  
Shensi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Correlation Degree ◽  
Urban Distribution ◽  
Distribution System Reliability ◽  
The City

Under the increasingly uncertain economic environment, the research on the reliability of urban distribution system has great practical significance for the integration of logistics and supply chain resources. This paper summarizes the factors that affect the city logistics distribution system. Starting from the research of factors that influence the reliability of city distribution system, further construction of city distribution system reliability influence model is built based on Bayesian networks. The complex problem is simplified by using the sub-Bayesian network, and an example is analyzed. In the calculation process, we combined the traditional Bayesian algorithm and the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm, which made the Bayesian model able to lay a more accurate foundation. The results show that the Bayesian network can accurately reflect the dynamic relationship among the factors affecting the reliability of urban distribution system. Moreover, by changing the prior probability of the node of the cause, the correlation degree between the variables that affect the successful distribution can be calculated. The results have significant practical significance on improving the quality of distribution, the level of distribution, and the efficiency of enterprises.

Effect of international labor mobility on social-economic development of countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
E.I. Huseinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Social Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

The goal of the research is the specification of the effect of international mobility of labor resources on the social-economic development of a country, as well as the impact on the GDP volume. The main purpose set in the investigation is the study of international experience of the problem solution. Another goal of the research work is the international mobility of labor resources in conditions of national economy. The methods of analysis, grouping and analogy were used in the investigation. In the research work carried out by the author, the properties of international mobility of labor resources were commented, the factors and reasons of their occurrence specified as well. The analysis has been conducted and the system of effect mobility of labor resources on GDP growth in some countries and their impact on the state of labor market developed. Due to the research surveys, the reasons for development of international mobility of labor resources and direction of labor migration streams in Azerbaijan have been identified. The impact of international mobility of labor resources on social-economic development has been evaluated. Positive and negative impact of international mobility of labor resources on social-economic development of Azerbaijan, as well as setting measures on migrant admission as contributing country in case of negative effect have been specified in the innovation of research. Practical significance of the investigation lies in the regulation of international mobility of labor resources, introduction with experience of difference countries by the system of statistical figures and formation of their resources, grouping and using the data for problem solution in our country.

ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES MODELING IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY BASED ON THE USE OF LAND CADASTRAL VALUATION INDICATORS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raisa Kozhukhіvska ◽  
◽  
Оlena Sakovska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The City ◽  
Cluster Level

The article examines the organizational basis of modeling entrepreneurial activities in the hospitality industry based on the use of indicators of cadastral assessment of land. The analysis of practical aspects of updating the results of cadastral assessment of lands of settlements of Cherkassy region has been carried out. It is stated that the cadastral assessment should take into account market situations and trends as much as possible. For the territories of localities the term of actualization in the context of revaluation should be minimum and economically justified. It is designated that the updating of the results of the state cadastral assessment of land requires significant modernization aimed at improving the quality of land assessment work and adequate replenishment of budgets at all levels. The mechanism and features of performance of works on actualization of the state cadastral estimation of the lands of settlements in the territory of Cherkassy region have been analyzed. As a result of the study, it has been found that the main disadvantage of modeling the cadastral assessment of land settlements is: the duration of time intervals between rounds of revaluation, which causes rapid aging of information. The reason for this case is related with the financial support of the works and their scale. Mechanisms for prompt updating of information on the value of land for entrepreneurial activities in the hospitality industry in Cherkassy region have been proposed. The considered method of determining the normative monetary valuation of land takes into account the most important indicators of this industry and is practically significant in collecting information and calculating all indicators in conducting cadastral valuation of land for entrepreneurial activities in the hospitality industry of Cherkassy region. The practical significance of the study is to assess the cadastral condition of land and calculate the specific cadastral value of the city of Uman, as the territory where the hospitality industry is the most developed in Cherkassy region. Due to the clarification of the specific indicator of cadastral value, the price of one square meter of such objects will increase which will allow to proportionally increase the tax component and increase the profitability of budgets at the cluster level

CITY PARK AS A NATURAL-ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PARK OF THE 50th ANNIVERSARY OF VLKSM IN THE CITY OF YEKATERINBURG)

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
L. I. ATKINA ◽  
◽  
L. V. BULATOVA ◽  
L. P. ABRAMOVA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
City Park

Based on a comprehensive assessment of the state of the park landscape, the level of its anthropogenic transformation is determined, which is necessary to identify the potential for restoring the natural biodiversity of the object. It is reported that the plantations and soil cover of the park of the 50th anniversary of VLKSM are very heterogeneous; they reflect the history of park establishment. The soil cover consists of three main types: sod, bog and urbanozem. It should be stressed that the best preserved part of the park is the plot with boggy soils around the pond. Herbaceous plants growing on the plot are very similar to the species composition of the ground cover of overgrown peat bogs. Over the 40 years since the foundation of the park, a high level of pollutants has been accumulated in the soil, which allows us to state that the negative impact occurs constantly. Consequently, the existing plantings are insufficient to protect visitors from vehicle emissions from the roads along Yasnaya and Shaumyana streets. There are enough natural elements in the park of the 50th anniversary of VLKSM; this should be taken into account in its redevelopment. There is an opportunity to restore the reservoir and return the plantings to their natural appearance. It is proposed to add elements of landscape decoration in the park.

A PROMISING ASSORTMENT OF TREES AND SHRUBS FOR LANDSCAPING IN VOLGOGRAD CITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
E.N. Tyukhtina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The article deals with one of the most relevant topics of the modern city and ecology - the problem of landscaping in Volgograd. The city is characterized by an industrial urbanism, with a high concentration of population, saturation of production facilities and vehicles, which contributes to a high level of negative impact on the environment. The pace of greening of the city lags behind the pace of construction of the residential sector, and the existing green spaces do not meet the sanitary and hygienic, aesthetic requirements. The prospects of this problem are determined, the existing green spaces are considered, data on the climatic conditions of the city and the ecological situation are given. Improvement in the field of landscaping is associated with the scientifically sound placement of green spaces, taking into account all the factors that affect the growth and development of plants in the urban environment. Unfortunately, due to the uneven distribution of the assortment of trees and shrubs, the species composition of the central streets and squares of the city is extremely poor. The study focuses on the role of the botanical garden in urban landscaping and aims to create recommendations for the sorting of tree and shrub plants for urban landscaping. As a result of the analysis of the assortment of ornamental plants of the open ground of the botanical garden, the article proposed species and varieties of woody and shrubby plants that have passed the introduction tests for more than 5-10 years. Recommendations for sorting are aimed at improving the ecological situation of the city and greening the recreation areas of citizens. The proposed list of tree and shrub species cannot fully solve the problem of greening the city, but it will help to significantly enrich the composition of tree and shrub plants.

POSSIBLE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES FOR NEWBORNS FROM MOTHERS WHO SUFFERED COVID-19 DURING PREGNANCY

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Tamara G. Denisova ◽  
Adelina I. Sergeeva ◽  
Alexandra S. Grigorieva ◽  
Enje E. Rechapova ◽  
Ivan I. Sergeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

According to the WHO statement dated March 11, 2020, the coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 has reached the scale of a pandemic and is currently a world health problem. A special group of the population that requires increased attention is pregnant women due to the fact that pneumonia occupies the third place in the structure of indirect causes of maternal mortality. Pregnant women whose immune system has changed appeared to be at an increased risk of infection. Pregnancy is a risk factor for the development of a more severe course of acute respiratory viral diseases and influenza. To date, the issue of intrauterine transmission of coronavirus disease remains completely unexplored, which causes fear among pregnant women for the future generation. Addition of a new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 has a negative impact on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, the health of newborns, especially in patients with a burdened obstetric history. Pregnancy itself and childbirth do not affect the course of COVID-19, but the infection addition can complicate the course of gestation, causing respiratory distress syndrome, premature birth and spontaneous miscarriages, congenital pneumonia and antenatal death of newborns born from covid-positive mothers. The literature published from December 1, 2019 to July 30, 2021 was searched in several databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and the WHO COVID-19 database, of which 52 articles were selected for detailed consideration. The relevant literature was searched to understand the issues of infection transmission to newborns from infected mothers and the clinical manifestations of the disease in the former. As a result, it was found that newborns can become infected with SARS-Cov-2 in close contact with infected patients or asymptomatic virus carriers. However, based on the data of modern literature, it is impossible to unequivocally answer the questions posed, more facts are needed to solve the problem. The practical significance of the work is that the results of the study should be used for further studying the consequences of COVID-19 for the health of newborn children.

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