scholarly journals Explaining Variation in Abundance and Species Diversity of Avian Cestodes in Brine Shrimps in the Salar de Atacama and Other Chilean Wetlands

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1742
Author(s):  
Stella Redón ◽  
Gonzalo Gajardo ◽  
Gergana P. Vasileva ◽  
Marta I. Sánchez ◽  
Andy J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Temporary Wetlands ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Temporal Study ◽  
Brine Shrimps ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Further biogeographical studies of parasites are vital to improve our understanding of biodiversity distribution and predict the impacts of global change. Hypersaline lakes are good laboratories to investigate the avian cestode abundance and species diversity given the abundance of hosts (waterbirds and Artemia) and their broad latitudinal distribution. We analysed cestode infection in brine shrimp Artemia franciscana in northern (Atacama) and central Chile and compared them to results from A. persimilis in southern Chile (Patagonia). Thus, we covered a broad latitudinal gradient from 23° to 53° S. Five cestode taxa including two species of the genus Flamingolepis, Gynandrotaenia stammeri, Eurycestus avoceti, and Fuhrmannolepis averini were recorded from A. franciscana in Atacama lagoons (prevalence = 4.1%). In contrast, no cestode infection was detected in central Chile, likely because they are temporary wetlands. Parasites of flamingos and shorebirds were associated with Atacama lagoons (arid and higher salinity), while Confluaria podicipina and Fimbriarioides sp. (parasites of grebes and ducks, respectively) were dominant in Patagonian lagoons (sub-antarctic and of lower salinity). These differences mirror changes in the relative abundance of the respective final hosts. The flamingo parasite Flamingolepis sp. 1 was the most prevalent and abundant cestode in Atacama, where it was recorded only in autumn. Seasonality and habitat effects (especially abundance and phenology of different bird species) appear to override any latitudinal trends in the prevalence, diversity, and distribution of cestodes. Cestode prevalence was higher in larger wetlands but was not related to the sex of either intermediate host. We recorded a greater taxonomic richness at the cestode family level in Atacama, but a greater dominance of a single family of avian hosts (the flamingos). Ours is the first spatio–temporal study of Artemia cestodes at local and regional scales in the southern hemisphere.

scholarly journals Short-Time Recurrences of Plasmodium vivax Malaria as a Public Health Proxy for Chloroquine-Resistance Surveillance: A Spatio-Temporal Study in the Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5061
Author(s):  
Antonio A. S. Balieiro ◽  
Andre M. Siqueira ◽  
Gisely C. Melo ◽  
Wuelton M. Monteiro ◽  
Vanderson S. Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Chloroquine Resistance ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Temporal Study ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Spatially Varying ◽  
Short Time

In Brazil, malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax presents control challenges due to several reasons, among them the increasing possibility of failure of P. vivax treatment due to chloroquine-resistance (CQR). Despite limited reports of CQR, more extensive studies on the actual magnitude of resistance are still needed. Short-time recurrences of malaria cases were analyzed in different transmission scenarios over three years (2005, 2010, and 2015), selected according to malaria incidence. Multilevel models (binomial) were used to evaluate association of short-time recurrences with variables such as age. The zero-inflated Poisson scan model (scanZIP) was used to detect spatial clusters of recurrences up to 28 days. Recurrences compose less than 5% of overall infection, being more frequent in the age group under four years. Recurrences slightly increased incidence. No fixed clusters were detected throughout the period, although there are clustering sites, spatially varying over the years. This is the most extensive analysis of short-time recurrences worldwide which addresses the occurrence of P. vivax CQR. As an important step forward in malaria elimination, policymakers should focus their efforts on young children, with an eventual shift in the first line of malaria treatment to P. vivax.

scholarly journals Coastal Upwelling Front Detection off Central Chile (36.5–37°S) and Spatio-Temporal Variability of Frontal Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Oerder ◽  
Joaquim Bento ◽  
Carmen Morales ◽  
Samuel Hormazabal ◽  
Oscar Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Front Detection

scholarly journals Bird species diversity in Altai riparian landscapes: Wood cover plays a key role for avian abundance

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 9634-9643
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Yuehua Sun ◽  
Hongjun Chu ◽  
Yingjie Qi ◽  
Lan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Avian Abundance ◽  
Riparian Landscapes ◽  
Bird Species Diversity

scholarly journals Effect of Farming and Rainfall on the Species Diversity, Population Density and Community Structure of Birds Breeding in the Kalahari Woodland, NE Namibia

Zoodiversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-458
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Turtle Dove

The line transect method has been employed to assess species diversity, population densities and community structure of birds breeding in a mosaic of Kalahari Woodland and farmland, NE Namibia. The transect, 4.5 km long, was surveyed in 2014 and 2015. The total annual rainfall in 2014 was much higher than in 2015 (427 mm vs. 262 mm). In total, 40 breeding species in 2014, and 46 in 2015 were recorded. Six species were dominant in 2014 (Cape Turtle Dove, Laughing Dove, Emerald-spotted Dove, Blue Waxbill, and White-browed Scrub Robin) and only three species in 2015 (Cape Turtle Dove and Blue Waxbill and Yellow-fronted Canary). Although the cumulative dominance in 2014 almost doubled that in 2015, the Community Index in both years was almost identical. Also diversity indices and evenness index were very similar in both years compared. Granivorous birds were the most numerous feeding guild. Their contribution was similar in 2014 and 2015 (46.7 % vs. 43.4 %). Two other feeding guilds, insectivores and frugivores, comprised together more than 50 % in both years. The number of bird species and species diversity were not influenced by the differential rainfall. However, contrary to expectations, population densities of most bird species (at least the more numerous ones) were higher in the year with lower than in the year with higher rainfall. The number of species and species diversity was similar in the farmland and in neighbouring Kalahari Woodland in a pristine stage. However, population densities of most species were lower in the farmland than in the pristine woodland.

Bird species diversity in forest understory: Analysis of mist-net samples

Oecologia ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary F. Willson ◽  
David J. Moriarty
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Bird Species Diversity ◽  
Mist Net

scholarly journals SMC-Flood database: a high-resolution press database on flood cases for the Spanish Mediterranean coast (1960–2015)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1955-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Gil-Guirado ◽  
Alfredo Pérez-Morales ◽  
Francisco Lopez-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Digital Archives ◽  
Positive Aspect ◽  
Flood Database ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Very High

Abstract. Flood databases of high spatio-temporal resolution are a necessary tool for proper spatial planning, especially in areas with high levels of exposure and danger to floods. This study presents the preliminary results of the Spanish Mediterranean Coastal Flood (SMC-Flood) database covering the municipalities in this region. This database collects information on flood cases that occurred between 1960 and 2015 by systematically consulting the digital archives of the main newspapers in the study area. The search for flood information was conducted by means of using links between municipality names and seven keywords that correspond to the most common ways of referring to a situation that is likely to describe a flood in Spain. This methodology has enabled the reconstruction of 3008 flood cases at a municipal scale with daily resolution while gathering information on the types of damage, intensity, severity and area affected. The spatio-temporal analysis of the data reveals hotspots where flood cases are especially intense and damaging when compared to highly developed areas where the frequency of flood cases is very high. This situation is especially worrying insofar as we have detected a growing trend in the frequency and area affected by flood cases. However, one positive aspect is that the intensity and severity of flood cases follows a falling trend. The main novelty lies in the fact that the high-resolution spatial analysis has made it possible to detect a clear latitudinal gradient of growing intensity and severity in a north–south direction. This pattern calls for new actions by the coastal municipal authorities of southern Spain for adaptation to a more complex flood scenario.

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