scholarly journals Experimental Validation of a Solar Powered Multistage Flash Desalination Unit with Alternate Storage Tanks

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2143
Author(s):  
Mishal Alsehli
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Tank Design ◽  
Solar Powered

The fossil fuels that power conventional desalination systems cause substantial environmental impact. Solar desalination can satisfy critical water needs with only a minimal contribution to global warming. The current work presents an attractive new design suitable for regions with limited water resources and high solar radiation rates. This work is an experimental study of a newly designed, solar-powered, multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination plant. The design could address the need to increase the limited water resources in solar energy-rich areas. The prototype consists of a solar collector, an MSF unit, and a novel dual thermal storage tank design. In this prototype, preheated brine is directly heated by circulation through the solar collector. Two tanks serve the MSF unit; one tank feeds the MSF unit while the other receives the preheated feed water. The two tanks alternate roles every 24 h. The study was conducted in Taif, Saudi Arabia, throughout the month of September 2020. The results of the experiment showed that 1.92 square meters of solar collector area is needed for an average daily production of 19.7 kg of fresh water, at a cost of approximately $0.015 per liter.

scholarly journals A New Approach to Solar Desalination Using a Humidification–Dehumidification Process for Remote Areas

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1120
Author(s):  
Mishal Alsehli
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Solar Powered

Freshwater supply in remote areas has become a critical issue. This paper aims to introduce a new approach to a solar-powered humidification–dehumidification (HDH) desalination system. The design uses a solar collector, a thermal storage tank, and an HDH unit. The HDH works continuously by feeding water to absorb solar energy during the day and then relaying the desalination units with feed water at a top brine temperature (TBT) at night. The model predicts the amount of solar energy stored for the next day, and based on this, the amount of feed water that should be raised to the TBT is calculated. The system operation is carried out in two phases. During the day, the feed water absorbs the heat of solar energy, thereby increasing its temperature to TBT. This hot feed water is then kept in storage tanks. At night, the tank switches to discharging mode and starts feeding the HDH with the hot feed water. The system is designed so that the roles of the tank are rotated at sunset. To achieve the same TBT every day in response to changes in the available solar energy, the mass of the feed water is adjusted daily. The design is simulated using a dynamic model of the energy and mass balance resulting in an average daily production of 7.6 kg of fresh water per unit area of the solar collector. The daily average of the gain output and the recovery ratios are 0.3 and 0.09 respectively.

scholarly journals Production rate and cost comparison of ceramic block solar desalination unit (CBSDU) with basin type solar still (BSS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Md Hamidul Islam ◽  
Quazi Hamidul Bari ◽  
Md Shafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Ceramic Block ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
Concrete Base ◽  
Coastal Belt ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Installation Cost

Distilled water for drinking purposes is vital especially in semi or arid countries where surface water is limited and groundwater is saline. The ceramic block solar desalination unit (CBSDU) is significant for single household in developing countries like Bangladesh. The aims of this study are to monitor daily production and cost compared with basin type solar still (BSS). The materials and installation cost of the ceramic block solar unit was estimated Tk.40 per solar desalination unit. The field experiment was carried out on the roof top of the civil engineering building, KUET from 24th February to 11th June, 2012. The CBSDU was installed perpendicular to the surface, from 2 feet above the surface, on a concrete base. The collection bottle was put under the concrete base. The distilled water was collected every day at least two hours after sunset. The average production was found 4.26 lit/m2/day. The CBSDU offers 12% less cost than BSS. Single household can easily use CBSDU for their drinking water in coastal belt of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Single Slope Solar Still by Integrating with Solar Thermal Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
R. Sivakumaran ◽  
P. Jdihesh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic System

The world is facing the state of being scarce of fresh or drinking water and it is the major problem and global challenge. Along with air and food, water is a basic necessity for human. Solar energy is the biggest source of energy available on earth. A solar distillation is one of the methods for purifying salt water to drinking water. In this method fresh water is obtained by exposing a small layer of salt water to solar radiation and the water vaporized from the basin is condensed on the bottom side of a taper transparent cover. It can be collected in receiving troughs at the end of the still. For this research, a solar still has been designed, fabricated and tested under the climate condition of Coimbatore (11.01680 N, 76.9550 E), India from December 2016 to March 2017. The still basin area was 1m2 and the glass cover of still is inclined at 13 degree based on the city latitude. Solar still is integrated with thermal system such as solar photovoltaic system and then with solar pond in order to preheat the feed water thereby increasing the productivity considerably. Experiments were carried out on the still using different parameters and tested for performance. The results showed that the daily production of the conventional solar still was 2 Lit/m2/day and integrated with photovoltaic system and solar pond was 3.1 Lit/m2/day and 2.54 Lit/m2/day respectively.

Design and Performance of Small Scale Solar Powered Water Desalination Systems, Utilizing Reverse Osmosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Franc¸a ◽  
H. M. Laborde ◽  
H. Neff
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
High Pressure Pump ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Power Needs

A small scale solar powered desalination system has been designed, analyzed, and optimized with regard to power needs and energy consumption. Both quantities scale linearly with the concentration of the total dissolved salt concentration (TDS) in the feed solution. The desalination of brackish water at a TDS value of 3,000 ppm requires an energy of approximately 1.5 kWh/m3. For seawater at a TDS value of 34,000 ppm, this value increases to 9.5 kWh/m3. The selected type of membrane, the system design, and, in particular, the efficiency of the high pressure pump crucially affect energy consumption. The desalination cost also has been estimated for a small scale system that linearly scale with the TDS value of the feed water. [S0199-6231(00)00104-0]

scholarly journals Field tests of a natural vacuum solar desalination system using hybrid solar collector

2017 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 012012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Y. Setyawan ◽  
Richard A.M. Napitupulu ◽  
Parulian Siagian ◽  
Himsar Ambarita
Keyword(s):  
Solar Collector ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Solar Desalination

Investigating the Effect of Al2O3/Water Nanofluid on the Efficiency of a Thermosyphon Flat-Plate Solar Collector

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nabeel A. Negm ◽  
Ahmed A. Abdel-Rehim ◽  
Ahmed A. A. Attia
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector

The world is still dependent on fossil fuels as a continuous and stable energy source, but rising concerns for depletion of these fuels and the steady increase in demand for clean “green” energy have led to the rapid growth of the renewable energy field. As one of the most available energy sources with high energy conversion efficiency, solar energy is the most prominent of these energies as it also has the least effect on the environment. Flat plate collectors are the most common solar collectors, while their efficiency is limited by their absorber’s effectiveness in energy absorption and the transfer of this energy to the working fluid. The efficiency of flat plate solar collectors can be increased by using nanofluids as the working fluid. Nanofluids are a relatively recent development which can greatly enhance the thermophysical properties of working fluids. In the present study, the effect of using Al2O3/Water nanofluid as the working fluid on the efficiency of a thermosyphon flat-plate solar collector was experimentally investigated. The results of this experiment show an increase in efficiency when using nanofluids as the working fluid compared to distilled water. It was found that Al2O3/water nanofluids are a viable enhancement for the efficiency of flat-plate solar collectors.

Development of Nano-Carbon Bucky-Paper Membranes for Membrane Distillation

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Wuk Koo ◽  
Ji Hee Han ◽  
Sang Ho Lee ◽  
Jin Sik Sohn ◽  
June Seok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Hydrophobic Membrane ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Bucky Paper

Membrane distillation (MD) is a special evaporation process to produce fresh water from seawater or contaminated water using membranes. MD has advantages over other evaporation technologies such as multi-stage flash vaporization (MSF) and multi-effect distillation (MED) due to its relatively low energy requirements, allowing the use of solar energy as its heat source. Nevertheless, lack of membrane materials for MD process hinders its practical implementation for desalination and water treatment. In this study, membranes made of carbon nanotube (CNT) are presented for MD. Flat sheet hydrophobic membranes made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were selected as supports for bucky-paper membranes, allowing formation of CNT bucky-paper without chemical reactions. Laboratory-scale systems were used to evaluate their potential and performance in direct contact MD. Water permeability and salt rejection were analyzed for each case. D.I water and synthetic feed water were used for the lab-scale tests. It was demonstrated that the physical immobilization of CNT on a hydrophobic membrane changed led to an increase in vapor permeability while improving salt rejection.

A Software Optimization of the Solar Energy System Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Lukáš Skalík ◽  
Otília Lulkovičová
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Hot Water

The energy demand of buildings represents in the balance of heat use and heat consumption of energy complex in the Slovak national economy second largest savings potential. Their complex energy demands is the sum of total investment input to ensure thermal protection and annual operational demands of particular energy systems during their lifetime in building. The application of energy systems based on thermal solar systems reduces energy consumption and operating costs of building for support heating and domestic hot water as well as savings of non-renewable fossil fuels. Correctly designed solar energy system depends on many characteristics, i. e. appropriate solar collector area and tank volume, collector tilt and orientation as well as quality of used components. The evaluation of thermal solar system components by calculation software shows how can be the original thermal solar system improved by means of performance. The system performance can be improved of more than 31 % than in given system by changing four thermal solar system parameters such as heat loss coefficient and aperture area of used solar collector, storage tank volume and its height and diameter ratio.

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