scholarly journals Suppression of Alkalization in Rainwater Regulating Reservoir by Shading on a Pilot Scale

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2557
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Asakura ◽  
Umio Matsuse ◽  
Kei Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Ph Reduction ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Algal Photosynthesis

As water in a rainwater regulating reservoir at the Sankyo landfill site in Nagasaki City tends to be alkalized and to exceed the pH upper limit of 7.5, measures to suppress the alkalization should be implemented. Inhibiting photosynthesis in algae is required to suppress the alkalization. Shading is one of the methods for inhibiting algal photosynthesis. In this study, we evaluated the pH reduction effect of shading on a pilot scale. pH decreased from 7.28 to 7.15 when 3% of the total area of the rainwater regulating reservoir was shaded. In addition, a clear decrease in pH was observed with more than 60% shading.

Bioflocculent algal–bacterial biomass improves low-cost wastewater treatment

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gutzeit ◽  
D. Lorch ◽  
A. Weber ◽  
M. Engels ◽  
U. Neis
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Floc Size ◽  
Algal Photosynthesis ◽  
Wastewater Bacteria

An innovative technology for the biological treatment of wastewater in regions with sufficient solar radiation based on the simultaneous growth and degradation processes of algal and bacterial biomass is presented. The aim of the work is the improvement of pond technology through the formation of stable algae–bacteria aggregates, which a) permit a simple separation of the algal biomass by gravity sedimentation, b) enable a high removal efficiency for organic carbon and nutrients, and c) are independent in terms of oxygen provision through algal photosynthesis. Algae–bacteria aggregates could be developed with a suitable algal species (Chlorella vulgaris, Strain Hamburg) as a ‘model organism’ in a wastewater environment. The morphology of algal–bacterial flocs is similar to activated sludge flocs. They are stable and settle quickly. Floc size ranged between 400 and 800μm. Results of our experiments with an artificially irradiated lab-scale system, operated in continuous flow mode, revealed that even at a relatively short hydraulic detention time of two days, a high elimination capacity of 9.96g Nm−2d−1 and 0.87g Pm−2d−1 can be achieved. Recent investigations confirmed that floc formation of unicellular algae and wastewater bacteria also could be developed and maintained in a pilot-scale system with a water depth of 0.5m.

Study of the VOC emissions from a municipal solid waste storage pilot-scale cell: Comparison with biogases from municipal waste landfill site

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 2294-2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chiriac ◽  
J. De Araujos Morais ◽  
J. Carre ◽  
R. Bayard ◽  
J.M. Chovelon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Waste Landfill ◽  
Waste Storage

scholarly journals The Influence of Waste Composition on Landfill Gas Generation in a Pilot-Scale Lysimeter

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woojin Chung ◽  
Sukyoung Jung ◽  
Soonwoong Chang
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Concentration Increase ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Waste Composition ◽  
The World ◽  
Landfill Sites

The Sudokwon landfill site in Korea, is one of the largest landfill sites in the world, and consists of a first landfill site and second landfill site. The second landfill site generates 3–30 times more H2S than that of the first landfill site. However, the cause of the increase in H2S has not been identified. In this study, the main causes of H2S concentration increase were investigated in the second landfill site in the Sudokwon landfill site. We classified wastes at the Sudokwon landfill site into seven types including Construction and demolition (C&D) debris waste. A lysimeter reactor was designed as a similar environment to the Sudokwon landfill site for simulation. In addition, the experiment was conducted under the same conditions. Three components and elements were analyzed to identify the composition of waste in the landfill site. Leachate was analyzed through a chemical oxygen demand and SO42− standard method. For landfill gas, a gas analyzer was used. The trend in the generation of leachate and landfill gas depending on waste composition at the landfill site was observed and the cause of the increase in H2S was examined. As a result, landfilling of C&D debris waste is recommended as a single landfill.

Comparison of a Traditional Landfill and a Mechanically-Biologically Treated waste Landfill (Case study; Kirkuk landfill)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Aeesha Al-jaf ◽  
Jathwa Al-ameen
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Average Composition ◽  
Landfill Emissions ◽  
Domestic Solid Waste ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

Owing to the increasing population in Kirkuk, Iraq and the consequent rise in the production of waste, alongside with global warming caused by an increase in the greenhouse gases concentrations, a high level of emissions was observed at the landfill site near Kirkuk. These emissions can be transmitted by the wind over considerable distances and adversely affect the environment and individual health. In this study, two pilot scale columns were built to investigate different options for achieving sustainability by reducing long-term landfill emissions. Each reactor was packed with (8.5) kg of shredded synthetic solid waste (less than 5 cm) that was prepared according to an average composition of domestic solid waste in the city of Kirkuk. The main result of this study was that the pretreatment of the waste may shorten the transition time for active methane development and increase the methanogenesis of the landfill site and also affects COD removals efficiencies which were 19.11% and 66.53% for columns A and B respectively.

Rationalization and internalization

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Léon Beauvois
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Dissonance Reduction

After having been told they were free to accept or refuse, pupils aged 6–7 and 10–11 (tested individually) were led to agree to taste a soup that looked disgusting (phase 1: initial counter-motivational obligation). Before tasting the soup, they had to state what they thought about it. A week later, they were asked whether they wanted to try out some new needles that had supposedly been invented to make vaccinations less painful. Agreement or refusal to try was noted, along with the size of the needle chosen in case of agreement (phase 2: act generalization). The main findings included (1) a strong dissonance reduction effect in phase 1, especially for the younger children (rationalization), (2) a generalization effect in phase 2 (foot-in-the-door effect), and (3) a facilitatory effect on generalization of internal causal explanations about the initial agreement. The results are discussed in relation to the distinction between rationalization and internalization.

Graves'-Basedow disease in pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Andersen ◽  
P. Laurberg
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
National Study ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Special Concern ◽  
Maternal Thyroid ◽  
Toxic Reactions ◽  
Serum Tsh

SummaryThyroid hormones are essential development factors and maternal thyroid dysfunction may cause pregnancy complications and diseases in the fetus/child. In the present review we discuss new data on the incidence of Graves'-Basedow disease (GBD) in and around pregnancy, and how hyperthyroidism may affect the risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth.A special concern in pregnant women is the potential side effects from the use of antithyroid drugs (ATDs). One type of side effects is the allergic/toxic reactions to the drugs, which seem to be similar in and outside pregnancy, and another is that ATDs tend to over treat the fetus when the mother with GBD is made euthyroid. To avoid fetal hypothyroidism, the lowest possible ATD dose should be used to keep maternal thyroid function at the upper limit of normality with low serum TSH. Birth defects after the use of methimazole (MMI) (or its prodrug carbimazole) have been considered to be very rare, and no risk has previously been associated with the use of propylthiouracil (PTU). However, a recent Danish national study found that 1/30 of children exposed to MMI in early pregnancy had birth defects associated with this, and many defects were severe. PTU exposure was associated with defects in 1/40, and these defects were less severe. Proposals are given on how to reduce the risk of ATD associated birth defects.

Quantitative Radioisotope Measurement of Duodenogastric Reflux in Patients with Ulcer or Gastrectomized for Ulcer

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
M. Pääkkönen ◽  
S. Aukee ◽  
K. Korhonen ◽  
A. Pääkkönen ◽  
E. Länsimies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Background Activity ◽  
Bile Reflux ◽  
Duodenogastric Reflux ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
Biochemical Measurement

SummaryIn this work the duodenogastric reflux was quantified as the amount of radioactivity entering the stomach after an i.v. administration of 99mmTc-HIDA in ulcer patients and in patients who had undergone BI gastrectomy. The results were compared with visual evidence of gastric activity in the gamma camera images and biochemical determination of gastric bile reflux. The method is useful in quantifying the reflux if the activity is above the background activity. It allows the determination of an upper limit for the reflux when the reflux is evident visually. Only two or three images are needed for the quantitation. No correlation was found between biochemical measurement of fasting bile reflux in the stomach and radioisotopic quantification.

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