Factors Affecting Shellfish Quality in Terms of Faecal Contamination at Blakeney Point, East Anglia, UK

Relatively high E. coli and Faecal Streptococci (FS) numbers have been reported in the waters surrounding Blakeney Point, East Anglia, UK, an area containing significant shellfishery industries including mussels and cockles, despite the implementation of development works aimed at reducing residual contamination problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of using bacterial analyses and sterol profiling to assess the current levels and source of faecal pollution at Blakeney Point. No evidence of significant human faecal contamination of water in and around Blakeney Point could be found using either traditional microbiological analyses or sterol profile analysis. The presence of significant quantities of sitosterol, however, suggests that faecal contamination of water from birds does occur but at the concentration detected would not affect water quality. Analysis of cockles and mussels taken from the area show that negligible levels of coprostanol were present, confirming that faecal pollution was not causing any contamination issues. Apart from cholesterol, brassicasterol, an algal biomarker, as expected was dominant in shellfish flesh. The results confirm that current water treatment processes are successful in ensuring water quality at Blakeney Point and that a combination of microbial testing with sterol profile analysis confirmed that low microbial concentrations of faecal contaminants present in and around Blakeney Point most probably originate from migratory and/or resident bird species.

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Identifying Sources of Faecal Contamination in a Small Urban Stream Catchment: A Multiparametric Approach

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.661954 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Liam J. Reynolds ◽

Niamh A. Martin ◽

Laura Sala-Comorera ◽

Kevin Callanan ◽

Padraig Doyle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

High Flow ◽

Indicator Bacteria ◽

Urban Stream ◽

Sufficient Information ◽

Flow Conditions ◽

Faecal Indicator Bacteria ◽

Faecal Contamination ◽

Faecal Pollution ◽

Bathing Waters

Small urban streams discharging in the proximity of bathing waters may significantly contribute to the deterioration of water quality, yet their impact may be overlooked. This study focuses on the Elm Park stream in the city of Dublin that is subject to faecal contamination by unidentified sources. The aim of the study was to identify a minimum number of “sentinel” sampling stations in an urban catchment that would provide the maximum amount of information regarding faecal pollution in the catchment. Thus, high-resolution sampling within the catchment was carried out over the course of 1 year at 11 stations. Faecal indicator bacteria were enumerated and microbial source tracking (MST) was employed to evaluate human pollution. In addition, ammonium, total oxidised nitrogen, and phosphorus levels were monitored to determine if these correlated with faecal indicator and the HF183 MST marker. In addition, the effect of severe weather events on water quality was assessed using automated sampling at one of the identified “sentinel” stations during baseflow and high flow conditions over a 24-h period. Our results show that this urban stream is at times highly contaminated by point source faecal pollution and that human faecal pollution is pervasive in the catchment. Correlations between ammonium concentrations and faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) as well as the human MST marker were observed during the study. Cluster analysis identified four “sentinel” stations that provide sufficient information on faecal pollution in the stream, thus reducing the geographical complexity of the catchment. Furthermore, ammonium levels strongly correlated with FIB and the human HF183 MST marker under high flow conditions at key “sentinel” stations. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of pairing MST, faecal indicators, and ammonium monitoring to identify “sentinel” stations that could be more rapidly assessed using real-time ammonium readouts to assess remediation efforts.

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Are Sterols Useful for the Identification of Sources of Faecal Contamination in Shellfish? A Case Study

Water ◽

10.3390/w12113076 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3076

Author(s):

Styliano Florini ◽

Esmaeil Shahsavari ◽

Arturo Aburto-Medina ◽

Leadin S. Khudur ◽

Stephen M. Mudge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

High Population ◽

Faecal Material ◽

Faecal Contamination ◽

Faecal Pollution ◽

Sterol Profile ◽

The Uk ◽

A Site

This work aimed to identify the major source(s) of faecal pollution impacting Salcott Creek oyster fisheries in the UK through the examination of the sterol profiles. The concentration of the major sewage biomarker, coprostanol, in water overlying the oysters varied between 0.01 µg L−1 and 1.20 µg L−1. The coprostanol/epicoprostanol ratio ranged from 1.32 (September) to 33.25 (February), suggesting that human sewage represents the key input of faecal material into the estuary. However, a correlation between the sterol profile of water above the oysters with that of water that enters from Tiptree Sewage Treatment Works (r = 0.82), and a sample from a site (Quinces Corner) observed to have a high population of Brent geese (r = 0.82), suggests that both sources contribute to the faecal pollution affecting the oysters. In identifying these key faecal inputs, sterol profiling has allowed targeted management practices to be employed to ensure that oyster quality is optimised.

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Hydrological Studies and Water Quality Analysis Around The Limestone Mining in the Hial Area of Bolangir District ,Odisha for The Optimal Use And Sustainable Management of Available Water Resources

International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review ◽

10.15520/ijcrr/2017/8/07/271 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 08 (07) ◽

Author(s):

S.R. Barick ◽

◽

B.K. Ratha

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Resources ◽

Sustainable Management ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Water Quality Analysis ◽

Available Water

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STUDI PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS AIR BERSIH DALAM KAITANYA DENGAN AKTIVITAS MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR SUMBER AIR PADA DESA WAINITU, BATUMERAH, AMAHUSU, DAN HALONG

JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN ◽

10.30598/jbdp.2017.13.2.111 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 111-119

Author(s):

Lela Uyara ◽

Pieter Kunu ◽

Silwanus M Talakua

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Clean Water ◽

Water Quality Analysis ◽

E Coli ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

Standard Quality

The study aims to determine the quality of clean water in the villages of Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu and Halong by comparing the result of water quality analysis with water quality standard. Water quality analysis includes Physiscal, Chemical, and Microbiological parameters. This research uses descriptive method, this method describes systematics, accurate about facts and characteristic of the quality of clean water of each research location. The results showed that the source of clean water in the village of Batumerah did not meet the standard of clean water quality standards indicated by the number of E. coli and the high total coliform. Keywords: standard quality of clean water, water quality, Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu and Halong villages ABSTRAK Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menetapkan kualitas air bersih di Desa Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu dan Halong, dengan membandingkan hasil analisis kualitas air dengan standar baku mutu air bersih. Analisis kualitas air meliputi parameter fisika, kimia dan mikrobiologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif; metode ini menggambarkan sicara sistematis, akurat, fakta dan karakteristik mengenai kualitas air bersih di masing-masing lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber air bersih di Desa Batumerah tidak memenuhi standar baku mutu air bersih yang ditunjukkan oleh jumlah E. coli dan total Koliform yang tinggi. Kata Kunci: baku mutu air bersih, Desa Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu dan Halong, kualitas air

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Factors affecting water quality in selected carbonate aquifers in the United States,1993-2005

Scientific Investigations Report ◽

10.3133/sir20085240 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bruce D. Lindsey ◽

Marian P. Berndt ◽

Brian G. Katz ◽

Ann F. Ardis ◽

Kenneth A. Skach

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Water Quality ◽

The United States ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Carbonate Aquifers

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A Survey of Nursery Water Quality Best Management Practices

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.501e ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 501e-502

Author(s):

Cody J. White ◽

Michael A. Schnelle ◽

Gerrit W. Cuperus

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Best Management Practices ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Best Management ◽

Employee Safety ◽

Current Water ◽

Management Approaches ◽

Environmentally Sound

A survey was designed to assess high-risk areas with respect to environmental contamination, specifically how it relates to water quality. Oklahoma growers of all economic levels, retail and/or wholesale, were queried at their place of business for their current state of implementing best management practices (BMPs) and other strategic actions that could potentially affect current and future water quality standards. Specific areas such as the physical environment of the nursery, primary pesticides and fertilizers used, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices, and employee safety training were covered as well as other aspects germane to preserving and protecting current water quality and related environmental issues. More than 75 nurseries were surveyed and given the opportunity to participate in future training at Oklahoma State Univ. Results indicated that nurseries have not fully implemented many BMPs, but have adopted fundamental IPM approaches. The stage is set for the implementation of the next phase of expansion and refinement into ecologically based programs such as propagation and sale of low pesticide input plant materials, improved cultural practices, and the integration of environmentally sound management approaches. As an example, many growers are in the process of phasing out calendar-based pesticide application programs in favor of aesthetic and/or economic threshold-driven pesticide spray programs.

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