scholarly journals Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Nutrient Elements and Heavy Metals in the Ganjiang River Basin

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3367
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Chu ◽  
Daishe Wu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Fangwen Zheng ◽  
Cheng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Ganjiang River Basin

The pollution of water bodies by nutrients and heavy metals can lead to a loss of biodiversity, environmental degradation, and harm to human health. During the two-month monitoring period (e.g., December 2019 to January 2020), variables such as trace metals (e.g., Cu, Zn, As, and Cr), nutrients (e.g., NH4+-N, TN, and TP), water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) were measured at 102 monitoring points in the main stream and tributaries of the Ganjiang River in the Poyang Lake Basin. A variety of multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and correlation analysis, were used to conduct risk assessments and source analyses of the nutrient elements and heavy metals in the Ganjiang River system. The results show that although the Ganjiang River Basin is polluted by human activities, its water chemistry characteristics and trace metal and nutrient elements concentrations were better than the national standards. Through principal component analysis, the water pollution sources could be divided into urban sewage, agricultural activities, industrial activities, and the sources of industrial activities and transportation activities. The comprehensive risks of noncarcinogens (Hc) and comprehensive risks of carcinogens (Rc) for adults and children due to drinking water indicated that the risk from drinking water for the children in the basin was greater than that for adults, and that the Hc for adults and children was acceptable. However, the Rc for adults and children was slightly higher than the acceptable values. This study provides a reference for the fine control of the environmental water pollution sources in the Ganjiang river basin and health risk assessments in the basin, which are of great significance for improving the environmental water quality standards in the river basin and for reducing the risk of carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Limnological study of Piraquara river (Upper Iguaçu basin): spatiotemporal variation of physical and chemical variables and watershed zoning

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique C. Marques ◽  
Haydée Torres de Oliveira ◽  
Eunice da Costa Machado
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Serra Do Mar ◽  
Spatial Gradients ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Physical And Chemical Variables ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Iguaçu River

The Piraquara river basin (Upper Iguaçu River basin - Brazil) was studied as an ecological system throughout a complete seasonal cycle, comprising the rainy and dry season. Analyzes of 16 physical and chemical water variables (dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, temperature, pH, conductivity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ortophosphates, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, reagent silicate, total suspended solids, chlorophyll - a, flow velocity and depth) showed correlations between water composition and watershed physiographic features, and the Principal Component Analysis allowed to evidence spatial gradients and seasonal differences. The sampling points were clustered in patches with homogeneous behavior, according to ecologycal concepts: patch 1, with strong influence of Serra do Mar mountains; patch 2, medium course, under Piraquara Dam influence and patch 3, under wetlands influence. Two main factors of serial discontinuity were identified: the Piraquara dam effect and the influence of wetlands. The watershed zoning based on limnological characteristics seeks to subsidize research and biomonitoring for this public springs area.

scholarly journals Characteristics, Sources and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Ganjiang River Basin, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 1849-1868
Author(s):  
Wang Shu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Xiaofang Yu ◽  
Qiyu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Ganjiang River Basin

scholarly journals Environmental Soil, Water, and Sediment Quality of Dong Thang Landfill in Can Tho City, Vietnam

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Huynh T.H. Nhien ◽  
Giao T. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Rice Field Soil ◽  
Sediment Data ◽  
Can Tho City

This study is a preliminary assessment of water, soil, and bottom sediment quality at and around Dong Thang landfill in Co Do district, Can Tho city, Vietnam. Four canal water samples, one leachate sample, and three soil samples from the surrounding rice fields, two bottom sediment samples from the canals, and one bottom sediment sample from the leachate pond were examined for this purpose. The results revealed that the leachate sample contained six heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni) with high electrical conductivity (EC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia (NH4+-N), nitrate (NO3--N), and phosphate (PO43--P) (9922.7 μS cm-1, 832.00 mg L-1, 3,729.08 mg L-1, 743.75 mg L-1, 366.27 mg L-1, 6.03 mg L-1, and 0.22 mg L-1, respectively). Further, seven heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Fe) were detected in the sediment of the leachate collection pond. COD, TSS, NH4+-N, Mn, and Fe concentrationsfor surface water exceeded the permissible level prescribed by the Vietnam national standard for surface water (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT). All heavy metals found in the leachate sediments were also detected in canal sediments and rice-field soil, thereby leading to the conclusion that pollutants disperse into the surrounding environment. Further, principal component analysis revealed that 91.3% of the variations in soil and sediment data could be explained by two primary components, PC1 and PC2. These components represent two sources of pollution, agricultural production and landfill activities, besides other pollution sources. The findings of this preliminary study show that water, soil, and bottom sediment in the area surrounding the landfill are contaminated with organic matter, nutrients, and heavy metals. Therefore, monitoring of the environment in the study area should be conducted to detect any pollutants, and alert local authorities and environmental managers.

scholarly journals Spatial/Temporal Characterization and Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Mangla Reservoir, Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
Gulraiz Akhter ◽  
Munir H. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
Trace Heavy Metals ◽  
Exposure Pathway ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Composite water samples were collected from different sites of Mangla reservoir, Pakistan, in premonsoon, monsoon, and postmonsoon seasons. The physicochemical parameters and trace/heavy metals were determined in all water samples. The results manifested significant seasonal variations among Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb and the metals exhibited highest contribution in premonsoon season except Mn. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) revealed considerable anthropogenic intrusions in the reservoir. Probable risk associated with the metals levels on human health was also evaluated using hazard quotients (HQ) by ingestion and dermal routes for adults and children. It was noted that Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb (HQing>1) were the most important pollutants leading to noncarcinogenic concerns. TheHQdermlevels of all metals were below unity, suggesting that these metals posed no hazards via dermal absorption, while the oral intake was the major exposure pathway. The largest contributors to chronic risks were Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb in all the seasons. Therefore, immediate measures should be taken for sustaining the healthy aquatic ecosystem.

scholarly journals Contamination Evaluation and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the Sediments from the Lishui River Watershed, Southern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Shen ◽  
Longjiang Mao ◽  
Runxia Sun ◽  
Jijing Du ◽  
Zhihai Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
River Watershed

Seven heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb) were measured in surface sediments from the Lishui River watershed, an area with increased soil erosion in China. The mean concentrations of heavy metals were 61.20 mg/kg (Cr), 757.15 mg/kg (Mn), 9.39 mg/kg (Co), 25.31 mg/kg (Ni), 22.84 mg/kg (Cu), 91.66 mg/kg (Zn), and 40.19 mg/kg (Pb), respectively. The spatial distribution of heavy metals was site-specific, exhibiting a remarkably high level in the sampling stations with intense agricultural activities (Lixian) and industrial activities (Jinshi). Contamination indexes including contamination factor, pollution load index, nemerow multi-factor index, potential ecological risk index, and human health risk were used to assess the pollution degree of the river sediments. The results indicated the pollution degree of heavy metals decreased in the order of Mn>Pb>Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Co. Heavy metals resulted in non-pollution to moderate pollution, with low ecological risk and an acceptable carcinogenic risk caused by Cr and Ni for children and adults. Person’s correlation analysis and principal component analysis, coupled with cluster analysis, revealed that the sediments from the Lishui River were mainly influenced by two sources. Cr, Co, Ni, and Cu were mainly derived from natural sources, while Mn, Zn, and Pb originated from agricultural and industrial activities, mining, and vehicular traffic.

scholarly journals Valuation of levels of some carcinogenic metals in the water and incidences of cancer along Hadejia-Jama'are River Basin Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
A.N. Shaibu ◽  
A.A. Audu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Carcinogenic Metals ◽  
Health Institutions

The determination of levels of some carcinogenic metals in the water and incidences of cancer was carried out in ten different local governments along Hadejia-Jama'are River Basin Areas, using standard procedures. Arsenic content was determined using UV Spectrophotometer after diazotization and heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after acid digestion. The numbers of cancer patients were obtained from the Cancer Register of the health institutions along the basin after obtaining ethical approvals from the health institutions. The mean arsenic (As), of the water ranged from 3.35 – 10.60 µg/L, cadmium (Cd): 1.57 – 10.10 µg/L, chromium (Cr): 40.30 – 250.00 µg/L, nickel (Ni): 48.80 – 235.00 µg/L and lead (Pb): 19.50 – 38.20 µg/L. The metal concentrations in the water samples were higher in the dry season than the wet season. ANOVA showed significant differences at p<0.05 for Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb. The cancer levels were determined by matching the concentration of the heavy metals from each local government with number of cancer patients in the local government along the river basin route. The cancer cases along the basin were Bunkure- 13, Wudil- 16, Ajingi11, Ringim- 9, Taura- 8, K/Hausa- 10, Hadejia- 12, Jama'are- 3, Gashua- 14 and Nguru- 10. Using the principal component analysis (PCA) there was an excellent relationship between cancer burden and metal loads in the potable water of the basin while the hierarchical cluster dendrogram (HCD) analysis reveals that arsenic, chromium and cadmium may be the major contributors to cancer incidences along the basin.

scholarly journals Heavy metals in water and surface sediments of the Fenghe River Basin, China: assessment and source analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingping Luo ◽  
Chengyi Xu ◽  
Shuxin Kang ◽  
Aidi Huo ◽  
Jiqiang Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Source Analysis

Abstract This paper combines environmental science, inorganic chemistry, water quality monitoring and other disciplines to analyze and assess the heavy metals in the water bodies and sediments of the Fenghe River Basin (FRB) in Shaanxi Province, and reveal their sources. Water Quality Index (WQI), Nemero Index (Pn), Geological Accumulation Index (I-geo) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI) are used to assess heavy metals in water and sediments. Pearson correlation analysis (CA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) models are used to study the relationship and source of heavy metals. The results show that most of the residual heavy metals in the water are below the corresponding environmental quality standards for surface water. Most of the heavy metals in the sediment exceed the background value of the soil.The factors or sources of heavy metals in water and sediment are revealed in detail through PMF models. The main sources of pollution in the region are urban construction and transportation, electronics industry, machinery manufacturing and tourism. In water, the average contribution rates of these four sources to heavy metals were 36.8%, 11.7%, 9.4% and 42.0%, and in sediments were 8.0%, 29.2%, 23.9% and 38.9%. Therefore, these sectors should be given sufficient attention.

The main principles and results of pollution monitoring of sediments in the river basin

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
B. Korzhenevsky ◽  
Gleb Tolkachev ◽  
Nikolay Kolomiycev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Volga River Basin ◽  
Ivankovo Reservoir ◽  
Selection Of

The problems of modern geological ecology associated with the study of pollution of sediments of water bodies by heavy metals are considered. The Volga River basin is quite heterogeneous, both in geomorphological and hydrological terms, and in thechnogenical development and usage. A fourrank taxonomy is presented for the selection of sites for monitoring, based on a combination of natural, landscape, climatic and thechnogenical factors. To the largest – the highest taxon – sites of the Ist category – bowls of reservoirs with the slopes and the urban zones, industrial and agricultural structures located within them are carried. Within these areas are allocated to smaller taxa, areas category IInd are the industrial and urban zones, areas category IIIrd are the small rivers without significant contamination and areas category IVth to conduct special observations. The examples of special observations in the study of the annual migration of heavy metals in the system «bottom sediments – water column» on the Ivankovo reservoir are highlighted. The investigations were carried out under the conditions of the standard flow rate for this reservoir and in the conditions of slow water exchange.

COPPER AND ZINC INDUCED CHANGES IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

1970 ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
K. SANKAR GANESH ◽  
P. SUNDARAMOORTHY
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Induced Changes

Heavy metals are one of the most important pollutants released to the aquatic environment by the various industrial activities. The use of these wastewater for irrigation results accumulation of heavy metals in soil and plants. So, the present investigation deals with the various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/l) of copper and zinc on germination studies of soybean. The different concentrations of copper and zinc were used for germination studies. The seedlings were allowed to grow upto seven days. The studied morphological traits increased at 5 mg/l concentration and these parameters are gradually decreased with the increase of copper and zinc concentrations.

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