Valuation of levels of some carcinogenic metals in the water and incidences of cancer along Hadejia-Jama'are River Basin Areas

The determination of levels of some carcinogenic metals in the water and incidences of cancer was carried out in ten different local governments along Hadejia-Jama'are River Basin Areas, using standard procedures. Arsenic content was determined using UV Spectrophotometer after diazotization and heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after acid digestion. The numbers of cancer patients were obtained from the Cancer Register of the health institutions along the basin after obtaining ethical approvals from the health institutions. The mean arsenic (As), of the water ranged from 3.35 – 10.60 µg/L, cadmium (Cd): 1.57 – 10.10 µg/L, chromium (Cr): 40.30 – 250.00 µg/L, nickel (Ni): 48.80 – 235.00 µg/L and lead (Pb): 19.50 – 38.20 µg/L. The metal concentrations in the water samples were higher in the dry season than the wet season. ANOVA showed significant differences at p<0.05 for Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb. The cancer levels were determined by matching the concentration of the heavy metals from each local government with number of cancer patients in the local government along the river basin route. The cancer cases along the basin were Bunkure- 13, Wudil- 16, Ajingi11, Ringim- 9, Taura- 8, K/Hausa- 10, Hadejia- 12, Jama'are- 3, Gashua- 14 and Nguru- 10. Using the principal component analysis (PCA) there was an excellent relationship between cancer burden and metal loads in the potable water of the basin while the hierarchical cluster dendrogram (HCD) analysis reveals that arsenic, chromium and cadmium may be the major contributors to cancer incidences along the basin.

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Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Nutrient Elements and Heavy Metals in the Ganjiang River Basin

Water ◽

10.3390/w13233367 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 3367

Author(s):

Xiaodong Chu ◽

Daishe Wu ◽

Hao Wang ◽

Fangwen Zheng ◽

Cheng Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

River Basin ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Principal Component ◽

Environmental Water ◽

Risk Assessments ◽

Nutrient Elements ◽

Industrial Activities ◽

Adults And Children ◽

Ganjiang River Basin

The pollution of water bodies by nutrients and heavy metals can lead to a loss of biodiversity, environmental degradation, and harm to human health. During the two-month monitoring period (e.g., December 2019 to January 2020), variables such as trace metals (e.g., Cu, Zn, As, and Cr), nutrients (e.g., NH4+-N, TN, and TP), water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) were measured at 102 monitoring points in the main stream and tributaries of the Ganjiang River in the Poyang Lake Basin. A variety of multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and correlation analysis, were used to conduct risk assessments and source analyses of the nutrient elements and heavy metals in the Ganjiang River system. The results show that although the Ganjiang River Basin is polluted by human activities, its water chemistry characteristics and trace metal and nutrient elements concentrations were better than the national standards. Through principal component analysis, the water pollution sources could be divided into urban sewage, agricultural activities, industrial activities, and the sources of industrial activities and transportation activities. The comprehensive risks of noncarcinogens (Hc) and comprehensive risks of carcinogens (Rc) for adults and children due to drinking water indicated that the risk from drinking water for the children in the basin was greater than that for adults, and that the Hc for adults and children was acceptable. However, the Rc for adults and children was slightly higher than the acceptable values. This study provides a reference for the fine control of the environmental water pollution sources in the Ganjiang river basin and health risk assessments in the basin, which are of great significance for improving the environmental water quality standards in the river basin and for reducing the risk of carcinogenesis.

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Spatial and Temporal Water Quality Evaluation of Heavy Metals of Habbaniyah Lake, Iraq

International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics ◽

10.18280/ijdne.160414 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 467-475

Author(s):

Huda Sulaiman Ghalib ◽

Majeed Mattar Ramal

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Water Quality ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Principal Component ◽

Dry Season ◽

Point Sources ◽

Pollution Sources ◽

Water Levels ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Wet Season

Heavy metal concentrations in a water sample from Habbaniyah Lake (HL), Iraq (Cr, Cd, Ni, Fe, Co, Zn, Pb, and Cu). Thirty-three sites were chosen in the research area from October 2020 to April 2021 to evaluate emissions of heavy metals during two seasons (dry and wet). Spectrophotometer for atomic absorption was used to test heavy metal concentration (USA Phoenix-986). The findings of the study indicate that water levels were concentrated Cr>Ni >Fe>Co>Pb>Zn=Cd=Cu during the dry season and the wet season Cr>Fe>Pb>Co>Ni=Zn=Cd=Cu. HMPI and HMEI were both used to assess the level of water supply toxicity of heavy metals in the area of research. In Habbaniyah Lake water, several concentrations of heavy metals exceed the criteria for drinking and water life such as Co and Pb were exceed the allowed limits of WHO, CCME in the dry and wet seasons. The study area's human, agricultural and industrial activities and human population resulted in a rise in heavy element concentrations including Cr that surpassed the WHO, CCME, FAO, EPA, and IQS. The mean values of (Cd, Zn, and Cu) during dry and wet seasons were non-consistent in all stations. The average value of Ni was above water life limit during the dry season. The average values of CD, HMPI, and HMEI during the wet season were 20.8984, 57.8248 and 24.8977 and in the dry season were 17.3745, 61.8769, and 22.3747 respectively. Results indicate that HL is highly contaminated with HMs according to national and international guidelines, (CD), (HMPI) and (HMEI) indices pointed that HL water quality was bad. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were applied to estimate the pollution sources, results show that, pollution are originated from multiple sources, anthropogenic sources are major pollution sources while lithogenic is minor pollution sources, anthropogenic origin, which is mostly due to the wastewater point sources on Warrar stream.

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Spatial and Temporal Variation of Dissolved Heavy Metals in the Mun River, Northeast Thailand

Water ◽

10.3390/w11020380 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 380 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bin Liang ◽

Guilin Han ◽

Man Liu ◽

Xiaoqiang Li ◽

Chao Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

River Water ◽

Principal Component ◽

Agricultural Runoff ◽

Dry Season ◽

Mekong River ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽

Northeast Thailand ◽

Wet Season ◽

Dissolved Heavy Metals

River water samples between August 2017 (wet season) and March 2018 (dry season) from the Mun River Basin in northeast Thailand were collected and their dissolved heavy metals concentrations (Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Ba) were measured. Compared with international drinking water guidelines, Mn was the dominant pollutant in the dry season. The correlation analysis (CA) suggested that similar sources were shown in each element pair of Al-Fe, Mn-Zn, and Fe-Ba in both seasons. The principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that the dominant source of dissolved heavy metals was sedimentary inputs or colloid destabilization in the wet season, while anthropogenic inputs were the main sources in the dry season, such as agricultural runoff, industrial effluents, and domestic discharge. On the basis of water quality index (WQI), water at most sites in the wet and dry seasons can be categorized as excellent water, except for a few sites with substandard values. The river water posed no significant health risks according to the health risk assessment, but Mn, Fe, and Ba needed to be paid more attention due to the relatively high values. Al, Fe, and Ba were the main dissolved heavy metals flowing into the Mekong River, and Cu contributed to the background value in the Mekong river.

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Heavy metals in water and surface sediments of the Fenghe River Basin, China: assessment and source analysis

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2021.335 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pingping Luo ◽

Chengyi Xu ◽

Shuxin Kang ◽

Aidi Huo ◽

Jiqiang Lyu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Water Quality ◽

River Basin ◽

Environmental Science ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Risk Index ◽

Principal Component ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Shaanxi Province ◽

Source Analysis

Abstract This paper combines environmental science, inorganic chemistry, water quality monitoring and other disciplines to analyze and assess the heavy metals in the water bodies and sediments of the Fenghe River Basin (FRB) in Shaanxi Province, and reveal their sources. Water Quality Index (WQI), Nemero Index (Pn), Geological Accumulation Index (I-geo) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI) are used to assess heavy metals in water and sediments. Pearson correlation analysis (CA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) models are used to study the relationship and source of heavy metals. The results show that most of the residual heavy metals in the water are below the corresponding environmental quality standards for surface water. Most of the heavy metals in the sediment exceed the background value of the soil.The factors or sources of heavy metals in water and sediment are revealed in detail through PMF models. The main sources of pollution in the region are urban construction and transportation, electronics industry, machinery manufacturing and tourism. In water, the average contribution rates of these four sources to heavy metals were 36.8%, 11.7%, 9.4% and 42.0%, and in sediments were 8.0%, 29.2%, 23.9% and 38.9%. Therefore, these sectors should be given sufficient attention.

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OPTIMALISASI PERAN PEMDA DALAM MENGATASI KENDALA PELAKSANAAN KONSERVASI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DI DAERAH (STUDI KASUS PROVINSI BENGKULU)

Jurnal Good Governance ◽

10.32834/gg.v15i2.121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Antung Deddy Radiansyah

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Biodiversity Conservation ◽

Local Governments ◽

Central Government ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Regional Government ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Conservation Policies

Gaps in biodiversity conservation management within the Conservation Area that are the responsibility of the central government and outside the Conservation Areas or as the Essential Ecosystems Area (EEA) which are the authority of the Regional Government, have caused various spatial conflicts between wildlife /wild plants and land management activities. Several obstacles faced by the Local Government to conduct its authority to manage (EEA), caused the number and area of EEA determined by the Local Government to be still low. At present only 703,000 ha are determined from the 67 million ha indicated by EEA. This study aims to overview biodiversity conservation policies by local governments and company perceptions in implementing conservation policies and formulate strategies for optimizing the role of Local Governments. From the results of this study, there has not been found any legal umbrella for the implementation of Law number 23/ 2014 related to the conservation of important ecosystems in the regions. This regulatory vacuum leaves the local government in a dilemma for continuing various conservation programs. By using a SWOT to the internal strategic environment and external stratetegic environment of the Environment and Forestry Service, Bengkulu Province , as well as using an analysis of company perceptions of the conservation policies regulatary , this study has been formulated a “survival strategy” through collaboration between the Central Government, Local Governments and the Private Sector to optimize the role of Local Government’s to establish EEA in the regions.Keywords: Management gaps, Essential Ecosystems Area (EEA), Conservation Areas, SWOT analysis and perception analysis

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The main principles and results of pollution monitoring of sediments in the river basin

Melioration and Water Management ◽

10.32962/0235-2524-2019-4-14-20 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 14-20

Author(s):

B. Korzhenevsky ◽

Gleb Tolkachev ◽

Nikolay Kolomiycev

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

River Basin ◽

Water Exchange ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Small Rivers ◽

Volga River ◽

Natural Landscape ◽

Volga River Basin ◽

Ivankovo Reservoir ◽

Selection Of

The problems of modern geological ecology associated with the study of pollution of sediments of water bodies by heavy metals are considered. The Volga River basin is quite heterogeneous, both in geomorphological and hydrological terms, and in thechnogenical development and usage. A fourrank taxonomy is presented for the selection of sites for monitoring, based on a combination of natural, landscape, climatic and thechnogenical factors. To the largest – the highest taxon – sites of the Ist category – bowls of reservoirs with the slopes and the urban zones, industrial and agricultural structures located within them are carried. Within these areas are allocated to smaller taxa, areas category IInd are the industrial and urban zones, areas category IIIrd are the small rivers without significant contamination and areas category IVth to conduct special observations. The examples of special observations in the study of the annual migration of heavy metals in the system «bottom sediments – water column» on the Ivankovo reservoir are highlighted. The investigations were carried out under the conditions of the standard flow rate for this reservoir and in the conditions of slow water exchange.

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Entrepreneurship Management at the Local Government Level: The Experience of the Cities for Entrepreneurs Program

Journal of Business and Economics ◽

10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/05.09.2018/002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 388-407

Author(s):

Patricio Gigli ◽

◽

Donatela Orsi ◽

Marisel Martín Aramburú ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Local Government ◽

Local Governments ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

National Level ◽

Development Issue ◽

Starting Point ◽

Local Government Level ◽

Micro Level ◽

Government Level

This paper aims at describing the experience of the Cities for Entrepreneurs Program (Ciudades para Emprender or CPE) of the National Directorate of Community and Human Capital (which belongs to the SEPYME), National Ministry of Production. This paper starts from the premise that entrepreneurship takes place at the most micro level of the offer and, therefore, is a concept associated with the characteristics of the environment closest to that offer: the local territory. However, there is little history in the country of public policies relating the issue of entrepreneurship with the local management. That is why we take as a starting point the conceptualization of the chosen framework: local governments and the development issue, seen from the perspective of entrepreneurships. Moreover, an overview is given on the structural characteristics of municipalities in Argentina. In addition, some international experiences and attempts to promote entrepreneurship at a national level are analyzed. Finally, the Cities for Entrepreneurs Program (CPE) is outlined, based on a summary of the diagnoses of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystems of the selected cities and the tools used and their execution status at the time of publication of this paper.

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A Real Or a Marginal Trend in Participatory Budgets in Local Governments

e-Finanse ◽

10.2478/fiqf-2018-0024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 12-21

Author(s):

Beata Zofia Filipiak ◽

Marek Dylewski

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Social Participation ◽

Local Governments ◽

Current Practice ◽

Public Policies ◽

Local Communities ◽

Public Expenditures ◽

Public Funds ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Participatory Budget

AbstractThe purpose of the article is analysis of participatory budgets as a tool for shaping decisions of local communities on the use of public funds. The authors ask the question of whether the current practice of using the participatory budget is actually a growing trend in local government finances or, after the initial euphoria resulting from participation, society ceased to notice the real possibilities of influencing the directions of public expenditures as an opportunity to legislate public policies implemented. It is expected that the conducted research will allow us to evaluate the participatory budget and indicate whether this tool practically acts as a stimulus for changes in the scope of tasks under public policies. The authors analyzed and evaluated the announced competitions for projects as part of the procedure for elaborating participatory budgeting for selected LGUs. Then, they carried out an in-depth analysis of the data used to assess real social participation in the process of establishing social policies.

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Spatial and Institutional Analysis of the Voivodships Expenditure on Culture in the Years 2003 – 2015

e-Finanse ◽

10.2478/fiqf-2019-0021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 67-75

Author(s):

Adam Mateusz Suchecki

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Public Administration ◽

Local Governments ◽

Local Level ◽

Institutional Analysis ◽

The State ◽

Cultural Institutions ◽

Location Quotient ◽

Local Authorities ◽

National Heritage

AbstractFollowing the completion of the process of decentralisation of public administration in Poland in 2003, a number of tasks implemented previously by the state authorities were transferred to the local level. One of the most significant changes to the financing and management methods of the local authorities was the transfer of tasks related to culture and national heritage to the set of tasks implemented by local governments. As a result of the decentralisation process, the local government units in Poland were given significant autonomy in determining the purposes of their budgetary expenditures on culture. At the same time, they were obliged to cover these expenses from their own revenues.This paper focuses on the analysis of expenditures on culture covered by the voivodship budgets, taking into consideration the structure of cultural institutions by their types, between 2003-2015. The location quotient (LQ) was applied to two selected years (2006 and 2015) to illustrate the diversity of expenditures on culture in individual voivodships.

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Analysis of changes in the organizational structure of municipal offices

Management ◽

10.2478/v10286-012-0071-z ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 373-387

Author(s):

Joanna Snopko

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Customer Service ◽

Local Governments ◽

Organizational Structures ◽

Organisational Structure ◽

Office Management ◽

Organisational Structures ◽

Partner Relations ◽

Structural Solutions ◽

Proper Performance

Abstract Organisational Structure of Municipal Offices - Key Determinats The multitude of tasks and problem issued faced by local governments necessitates their evolution towards improvement of the existing organisational structures. Comparison of the existing organisational structures of various municipal offices could create a misleading that their organizational structures do not undergo any transformations. In reality, the type of an organisational structure remains unchanged while its elements change very frequently. These changes are activated when, according to the office management, they do not ensure proper performance of tasks faced by local government administration and appropriate customer service. Also note that, in the applied solutions, there is a strive for perfection which can be noticed, in a sense. It expresses the concept that this is not a structure which can effectively play its role today and is prepared for challenges of tomorrow. However, the process of transformations has not developed any new solutions. To this end, the local government must develop organisational structures appropriate for identifying and reaching its objectives. For this reason, it’s worthwhile to consider solutions which combine elements of the existing and modern solutions or address new opportunities created by process-oriented structures. However, these transformations must, first and foremost, cause a transformation of bureaucratic-style municipal offices into modern organisations which apply modern methods of management. These are organisations which introduce deep-reaching organisational changes, i.e. transform their hierarchic interorganisational relations into more partner relations and transform their structural solutions into more flexible solutions as well as change their employees’ way of thinking. Without such transformations in local government, municipal offices will be still referred to as bureaucracy and civil servants as bureaucrats.

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