Impacts of Agricultural Areas on Spatio-Temporal Variability of Daily Minimum Extreme Flows during the Transitional Seasons (Spring and Fall) in Southern Quebec

Several statistical methods were used to analyze the spatio-temporal variability of daily minimum extreme flows (DMEF) in 17 watersheds—divided into three homogenous hydroclimatic regions of southern Quebec—during the transitional seasons (spring and fall), during the 1930–2019 period. Regarding spatial variability, there was a clear difference between the south and north shores of the St. Lawrence River, south of 47° N. DMEF were lower in the more agricultural watersheds on the south shore during transitional seasons compared to those on the north shore. A correlation analysis showed that this difference in flows was mainly due to more agricultural areas ((larger area (>20%) on the south than on the north shore (<5%)). An analysis of the long-term trend of these flows showed that the DMEF of south-shore rivers have increased significantly since the 1960s, during the fall (October to December), due to an increase in rainfall and a reduction in cultivated land, which increased the infiltration in the region. Although there was little difference between the two shores in the spring (April to June), we observed a decrease in minimum extreme flows in half (50%) of the south-shore rivers located north of 47° N.

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Relationship between the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index and variability of mean annual flows for catchments in the St. Lawrence watershed (Quebec, Canada) during the past century

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2010.055 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 115-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ali A. Assani ◽

David Landais ◽

Mhamed Mesfioui ◽

Martin Matteau

Keyword(s):

Temporal Variability ◽

Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ◽

Past Century ◽

Left Bank ◽

The South ◽

North Shore ◽

The North ◽

South Shore ◽

Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation Index ◽

Continental Climate

This paper, based on an analysis of the mean annual flow (MAF) of 16 natural rivers over the period 1934–2000, has the following goals: (1) to determine the different temporal variability modes of the MAF in the St. Lawrence watershed, (2) to describe the temporal variability of the streamflow in each mode and (3) to analyze the influence of the AMO (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation) on the interannual and interdecadal variability of mean annual flows in this Quebec watershed. This paper shows that the interannual variability of mean annual flow was not synchronous on both sides of the river. During the period analyzed, MAF variability was characterized by a tendency to decrease on the south shore (right bank) but to increase on the north shore (left bank). A correlation analysis reveals that the influence of the AMO was limited exclusively to the north shore of the river, which is characterized by a continental climate. This correlation is negative. On the south shore, streamflow is correlated negatively to the AO (Arctic Oscillation).

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Preliminary interpretation of the first refraction arrivals in Gaspé from shots in Labrador and Quebec

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e69-071 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 771-774 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Douglas S. Rankin ◽

Ravi Ravindra ◽

David Zwicker

Keyword(s):

Upper Mantle ◽

Arrival Time ◽

The South ◽

North Shore ◽

The North ◽

A Value ◽

South Shore ◽

Compressional Velocity ◽

St Lawrence River

Previous work in the Gulf of St. Lawrence has yielded an unusually high upper-mantle compressional velocity. In the Gaspé area a more recent determination has yielded a value of 8.75 ± 0.20 km/s for an unreversed profile. The arrival time at a station on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River suggests that there is no major difference in velocity and depth relative to the south shore.

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La mer de Goldthwait au Québec

Géographie physique et Quaternaire ◽

10.7202/1000055ar ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (1-2) ◽

pp. 61-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Jean-Claude Dionne

Keyword(s):

Quebec City ◽

The South ◽

Lawrence Estuary ◽

Marine Invasion ◽

North Shore ◽

The North ◽

Upper Limit ◽

South Shore ◽

Anticosti Island ◽

St Lawrence Estuary

The Goldthwait Sea is defined as the late- and post-Glacial marine invasion in the St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf east of Québec City. In Québec, this sea has submerged an area of about 25 000 km2. The largest areas submerged are the north shore of the St. Lawrence between Les Escoumins and Blanc-Sablon, the south shore between Levis and Tourelles, and the Anticosti Island. The upper limit of the Goldthwait Sea varies from place to place. The Goldthwait Sea began 14 000 years ago and land emergence is still in progress, since the pre-Wisconsin marine level has not been recovered yet. For a better chronology, this long interval needs to be subdivided. Three main periods have been recognized: Goldthwaitian I, II and III. However, a geographical subdivision is also needed. Numerous shorelines were observed at various elevations throughout the area formely submerged by the Goldthwait Sea. However, only a few shorelines are well developed and extensive, and correlations between former shorelines are difficult to establish. Only three levels are widespead and common to the Estuary and parts of the Gulf. The isostatic recovery has been rapid during the first three thousand years after déglaciation of the area: about 75%.

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The General Oceanography of the Strait of Belle Isle

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f54-015 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 198-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. G. Huntsman ◽

W. B. Bailey ◽

H. B. Hachey

Keyword(s):

Shallow Water ◽

The South ◽

Hydrographic Data ◽

Arctic Water ◽

Tidal Period ◽

North Shore ◽

The North ◽

Labrador Current ◽

South Shore ◽

North And South

Hydrographic data for late August, 1923, show for the Strait (a) progressive inward movement on the north side of Arctic or sub-Arctic water, (b) progressive outward movement on the south side of Gulf water and (c) a dominant outward flow with evidence of a previous dominant inward flow. Time differences suggest tidal causes for the marked temperature and salinity changes. Current measurements for a double tidal period indicate residual trends of nine and eight miles per day in opposite directions on the north and south sides of the Strait. Inside, the Esquiman Channel shows two contra-clockwise eddies north and south of the Mekattina Bank. In addition, hydrographic data show a strong northeasterly movement along the Newfoundland shore and a weaker southwesterly one along the opposite Quebec shore.Planktonic animals indicate the water movements, Mertensia, Acartia spiniremis, Themisto, Pseudalibrotus and Oikopleura vanhöffeni surviving to various degrees in the water from the Labrador Current that reaches the centre of the Gulf along the north shore of the Strait and Channel. Other forms characterize the warm shallow water along the Newfoundland shore inside the Strait and show its movement outward to the east coast of Newfoundland. The Greenland seal fishery of winter reflects the inward movement from the Labrador Current. Cod and herring fisheries invade this cool water of the north shore only locally in summer with access of warmer water from the south shore. Lobsters and cunners are very abundant in, but particularly confined to, the warm shallow water mentioned above.

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Lateral variations in upper crustal structure below the La Malbaie area from slowness, azimuth, and traveltime measurements of telleseisms

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e77-196 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2284-2293 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. J. Hearty ◽

R. F. Mereu ◽

C. Wright

Keyword(s):

Precambrian Basement ◽

Precambrian Rock ◽

The South ◽

Local Seismicity ◽

North Shore ◽

The North ◽

South Shore ◽

Lateral Variations ◽

Teleseismic Events ◽

St Lawrence River

A temporary seismic network located in the La Malbaie region of eastern Quebec during the summer of 1974 for studying the local seismicity of the area was used as a seismic array to measure directly the slowness and azimuth of the P arrivals from 18 teleseismic events. A consistent bias in the arrival vectors was observed for rays approaching the array from the south (i.e. azimuths 181°–227°). This bias can be explained by a thickening of sedimentary strata beneath the south shore of the St. Lawrence River as opposed to the outcropping Precambrian basement rock on the north shore. The sedimentary accumulation can be interpreted in terms of a sloping interface located under the network between sediments and Precambrian rock or a thick horizontal sedimentary layer underlying the south shore of the St. Lawrence River.

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DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE INDICES OF EXTREME IN THE TERRITORY OF THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA IN THE PERIOD 1980-2019

Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences ◽

10.35634/2412-9518-2021-31-4-437-443 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 437-442

Author(s):

V.V. Guryanov ◽

A.K. Sungatullin

Keyword(s):

Temporal Variability ◽

Statistical Processing ◽

European Part ◽

The North ◽

Hourly Data ◽

European Part Of Russia ◽

Spatial Grid ◽

Temperature Indices ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Maximum Temperatures

The spatio-temporal variability of the average values of temperature indices of climate extremity in the territory of the European part of Russia (ER) in 1980-2019 is presented. To calculate the extremeness indices, we used hourly data on the maximum and minimum temperatures obtained using the ERA5 reanalysis on a 1°´1° spatial grid. Statistical processing of the index values revealed an increase in the temperature indices TNX, TNN, TXN, TXX, associated with the minimum and maximum temperatures, with the exception of the north and southeast of the region. An increase in the number of sunny days and a decrease in the number of frosty days were also revealed.

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Global horizontal irradiation: spatio-temporal variability on a regional scale in the south of the Pampeana region (Argentina)

AUC GEOGRAPHICA ◽

10.14712/23361980.2021.14 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 220-233

Author(s):

María Eugenia Fernández ◽

Jorge Osvaldo Gentili ◽

Ana Casado ◽

Alicia María Campo

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Seasonal Dynamics ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

Cloud Cover ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

The South ◽

Monsoon System ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Dynamics Of Action

The objective of this work is to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI) on a regional scale and its relationship with frequent synoptic situations in the south of the Pampeana region (Argentina). It was verified that the latitudinal pattern of distribution of the GHI is modified in the region by cloud cover, which is in turn determined by the seasonal dynamics of action centers and the passage of fronts in summer and winter. The South America Monsoon System (SAMS) defines differential situations of cloudiness and rainfall in the region, which affect GHI. GHI increased successively between the decades 1981–2010, a factor associated with the variability of rainfall that characterizes the region.

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Mapping Spatio-Temporal Variability in NAO Rainfall Signatures

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10982 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Harry West ◽

Nevil Quinn ◽

Michael Horswell

Keyword(s):

Spatial Pattern ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

Reliable Estimate ◽

Jet Stream ◽

Temporal Consistency ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Cold Spots ◽

Spatio Temporal

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is often cited as the primary atmospheric-oceanic circulation or teleconnection influencing regional climate in Great Britain. As our ability to predict the NAO several months in advance improves, it is important that we also continue to develop our spatial and temporal understanding of the rainfall signatures which the circulation produces.We present a novel application of spatial statistics to explore variability in monthly NAO rainfall signatures using a 5km gridded monthly Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) dataset. We first use the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic to map spatially significant hot and cold spots (clusters of high/wet and low/dry SPI values) in average monthly rainfall signatures under NAO Positive and Negative conditions over the period 1900-2015. We then look across the record and explore the temporal variability in these signatures, in other words how often a location is in a significant spatial hot/cold spot (high/low SPI) at a monthly scale under NAO Positive/Negative conditions.The two phases of the NAO are typically more distinctive in the winter months, with stronger and more variable NAO Index values. The average monthly SPI analysis reveals a north-west/south-east &#8216;spatial divide&#8217; in rainfall response. NAO Positive phases result in a southerly North Atlantic Jet Stream bringing warm and wet conditions from the tropics, increasing rainfall particularly in the north-western regions. However, under NAO Negative phases which result in a northerly Jet Stream, much drier conditions in the north-west prevail. Meanwhile in the south-eastern regions under both NAO phases a weaker and opposite wet/dry signal is observed. This north-west/south-east &#8216;spatial divide&#8217; is marked by the location of spatially extensive hot/cold spots. The Getis-Ord Gi* result identifies that the spatial pattern we detect in average winter rainfall is statistically significant. Looking across the record, this NW/SE opposing response appears to have a relatively high degree of spatio-temporal consistency. This suggests that there is a high probability that NAO Positive and Negative phases will result in this NW/SE statistically significant spatial pattern.Even though the phases of the NAO in the summer months are less distinctive they still produce rainfall responses which are evident in the monthly average SPI. However, the spatiality in wet/dry conditions is more homogenous across the country. In other words the &#8216;spatial divide&#8217; observed in winter is diluted in summer. As a result, the occurrence of significant hot/cold spots is more variable in space and time.Our analysis demonstrates a novel application of the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic which allows for spatially significant patterns in the monthly SPI data to be mapped for each NAO phase. In winter months particularly, this analysis reveals statistically significant opposing rainfall responses, which appear to have long-term spatio-temporal consistency. This is important because as winter NAO forecasting skill improves, the findings of our research enable a more spatially reliable estimate of the likely impacts of NAO-influenced rainfall distribution.

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The Second Crusade as Seen by Contemporaries

Traditio ◽

10.1017/s0362152900003743 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 213-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Giles Constable

Keyword(s):

North Coast ◽

Holy Land ◽

The South ◽

The West ◽

The Balkans ◽

The North ◽

River Elbe ◽

Medieval Europe ◽

South Shore ◽

Naval Force

The years between 1146 and 1148 were signalized in the annals and chronicles of Medieval Europe by Christian campaigns on all fronts against the surrounding pagans and Moslems. The most important of these was directed towards the Holy Land, against the Moslems, who had recently seized Edessa. It consisted of no less than five expeditions. The two largest armies, commanded by the Emperor Conrad III and King Louis VII of France, followed the same route overland across the Balkans to Constantinople; both met with crushing defeats in Asia Minor and finally reached the Holy Land, as best they could, by land and sea. A third force, under Amadeus III of Savoy, moved down Italy, crossed from Brindisi to Durazzo, and joined the army of Louis at Constantinople late in 1147. In August of the same year a naval expedition led by Alfonso of Toulouse left the South of France and arrived in Palestine probably in the spring of 1148. At the same time, a joint Anglo-Flemish naval force sailed along the north coast of Europe, assisted the King of Portugal in the capture of Lisbon, proceeded around the peninsula early in 1148, attacked Faro, and presumably reached the Holy Land later that year. Meanwhile, in the northeast, four armies co-operated in a campaign against the pagan Wends across the river Elbe: a Danish army joined the Saxons under Henry the Lion and Archbishop Adalbero of Bremen in an attack on Dubin; another, larger, army led by Albert the Bear of Brandenburg and many other temporal and spiritual lords advanced against Demmin and Stettin; a fourth expedition, finally, under a brother of the Duke of Poland attacked from the southeast. In 1148, on the south shore of the Mediterranean, a powerful fleet under George of Antioch extended the control of Roger II of Sicily over the entire littoral from Tripoli to Tunis. In the West, four campaigns were directed against the crumbling power of the Almoravides. The Genoese in 1146 sacked Minorca and besieged Almeria. During the following year, the Emperor Alfonso VII of Castile advanced south through Andalusia and captured Almeria with the aid of a strong Genoese fleet, which in 1148 sailed north and joined the Count of Barcelona in his campaign against Tortosa. In the previous year, Alfonso Henriques of Portugal had captured Santarem and secured the assistance of the Anglo-Flemish fleet for an attack on Lisbon, which fell late in 1147.

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