scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE E ANTIGLICANTE DO EXTRATO DE Tamarindus indica L. E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE FORMULAÇÃO COSMÉTICA PARA O COMBATE À ACELERAÇÃO DO ENVELHECIMENTO CUTÂNEO

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIA RICCI ◽  
JULIA MARIA CARDOSO BATISTA ◽  
FERNANDA BORGES DE ALMEIDA ◽  
VERA ISAAC
Keyword(s):  
Tamarindus Indica

O processo de envelhecimento da pele tem, como causa, além dos danos causados pelos raios UV, a mudança quantitativa de proteínas da matriz extracelular, que são causadas pela formação de Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada (AGEs), acumulados ao longo da vida, podendo afetar especialmente proteínas de longa duração, como o colágeno. Como a formação de AGEs e radicais livres estão dependentes das reações de oxidação, a aplicação de antioxidantes e antiglicantes nos produtos cosméticos é uma das estratégias utilizadas para prevenir o envelhecimento, sendo os extratos vegetais, já descritos em literatura, potenciais agentes antioxidantes e antiglicantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o extrato de Tamarindus indica L. obtido por diferentes líquidos extratores quanto a sua atividade antiglicante e possível ação contra o envelhecimento cutâneo. Os extratos vegetais foram preparados com a polpa do fruto na concentração de 30%, nos quais foi testada a capacidade extratora de 3 tipos de solventes, sendo eles etanol 70%, água destilada em temperatura ambiente e água destilada a 70°C, sendo macerados por 24 horas e filtrados. O hidroalcoólico foi rotaevaporado e após, todos liofilizados. Com os extratos liofilizados, foram realizados os ensaios de doseamento de fenólicos totais, utilizando o reagente Folin-Ciocalteau (1:10) e carbonato de sódio (4%); doseamento de flavonoides, utilizando solução de cloreto de alumínio (2%) e determinação da atividade antioxidante, com o radical DPPH• (0,004% m/v). Após, com o melhor solvente extrator para a atividade antioxidante, foi realizado o teste de fotoproteção, a qual foi avaliada in vitro para o extrato já incorporado em formulação cosmética, através de medida do Fator de Proteção Solar (FPS) da formulação utilizando o equipamento Optometrics SPF-290S e a atividade antiglicante, pela determinação de fluorescência de meios de incubação preparados com Albumina de soro Bovino (BSA), tampão fosfato de sódio, azida de sódio, frutose e glicose. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o extrato hidroalcoólico de T. indica devido ao seu conteúdo de biomoléculas, demonstrou atividade antioxidante mesmo que não tão acentuada. Porém, não sendo o bastante para causar efeito fotoprotetor e antiglicação em fitocosméticos.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Balanites aegyptiaca and Tamarindus indica Fruit Extracts on Growth and Aflatoxigenicity of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saifeldin Ahmed El-nagerabi ◽  
Abdulkadir E. Elshafie ◽  
Mohamed R. Elamin
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Total Aflatoxin ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Aflatoxin B

<p>Aflatoxin and especially aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>) is a carcinogenic secondary metabolite synthesized by certain <em>Aspergillus </em>species. They contaminate natural and processed agricultural and animal products which render them unfit for consumption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the <em>in vitro</em> effects of <em>Balanites aegyptiaca</em> and <em>Tamarindus indica</em> fruit extracts on the growth and aflatoxin secretion of <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> (SQU21) and <em>A. parasiticus </em>(CBS921.7) strains. The two fruit extracts significantly (<em>P </em>&lt; 0.05) reduced aflatoxin and did not inhibit mycelial dry weights of the two <em>Aspergillus </em>strains. At different concentrations of balanites (2.5-10%), the inhibition of total aflatoxin was 49.9-84.8% for <em>A. flavus</em> (SQU21) and 32.1-84.4% for <em>A. parasiticus</em> (CBS921.7), whereas the inhibition of aflatoxin Bwas 38.2-81.4% and 32.8-80.6% for the two strains. Tamarind fruit extract (2.5-7.5%) caused 28.8-84.2% and 40.7-85.5% reductions in total aflatoxin and 37.1-83.5% and 33.9-85.9% in aflatoxin B for the two strains, respectively. None of these extracts inhibited the fungal growth or detoxified synthetic aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>. We have concluded that these fruits contain various inhibitors to aflatoxin biosynthesis and secretion. Therefore, they can be used in combination as safe green biopreservatives to combat aflatoxin contamination of food.</p>

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SNAKE ANTIVENOM ACTIVITY OF TAMARINDUS INDICA SEED COAT EXTRACT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 489-497
Author(s):  
Priyanka D. Mundhe ◽  
◽  
Balasaheb S. Pawade ◽  
Indrasen G. Waykar ◽  
Innus K. Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tamarindus Indica

Snakebite is a life-threatening medical emergency, and globally responsible for millions of deaths. In snakebites accidents only deaths are not a concern, it leads to more morbidities. Due to scanty healthcare facilities in rural areas of India, many people seek alternative treatment available in ethnic practices. Tamarindus Indica (TI) plant is rich in medicinal value and used to treat many diseases including snakebite treatment traditionally. In view of this TI seed coat extract (TISCE) was evaluated for antivenom activity. The phytochemical screening of TISCE was performed to understand its chemical composition. TISCE was evaluated for antivenom activity against Indian cobra venom (ICV), common krait venom (CKV), Russells viper venom (RVV), and saw-scaled viper venom (SCV) for phospholipase A2 (PLA-2), haemorrhagic in vitro and in vivo, procoagulant, proteolytic activity, and lethality studies. TISCE majorly contains saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. Minimum indirect haemorrhagic dose (MIHD) observed for ICV (12.5 µg), CKV (5.0 µg),RVV (10.0 µg), and SVV (12.5 µg). TISCE inhibits the procoagulant activity of all venoms at a concentration of 18.0 µg. It also shows the neutralization of proteolytic enzymes of venom in a dose-dependent manner. A pre-incubated mixture containing five lethal dose 50 (LD50) of venom and TISCE was injected intravenously, all mice survived as venom neutralized by TISCE. The present study demonstrates the ability of TISCE to neutralize snake venom using suitable in vivo and in vitro methods. Further studies required to unravelling the specific active chemical constituent of TISCE that may used as novel alternative snakebite treatment. TISCE was able to prolong the deaths during the simulation study and may be used in the topical pharmaceutical formulation that will reduce local venom reactions causing much morbidity, which will collectively with Anti-snake venom (ASV), used to treat envenomed patients more effectively.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Effects of Ethanolic Tamarindus Indica Seed Extract on Snake Venom

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Ismail ◽  
Nur Farhana Azmi ◽  
Khin Maung Maung ◽  
Pakeer Oothuman
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Snake Species ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannins ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Snakebite has been categorised as a ‘neglected tropical disease’ by WHO in 2009 and it affects mainly the poorer countries like Africa and Asia. The standard treatment for snake envenomation is the anti-snake venom medication which can be very expensive, not readily available and specific against a snake species. This study was conducted to screen the phytochemical compounds of Tamarindus indica seed extract (TSE) and its in-vitro effects on snake venom of three snake species; namely Daboia russelli, Naja kaouthia and Ophiophagus hannah. Materials and method: Ethanolic Soxhlet extract of TSE was used. Phytochemical screening analysing for saponins, alkaloids, flavanoids, anthraquinone derivatives, arthraquinone glycosides, phenolic compounds, tannins, terpenoids, sterol and volatile oils were carried out. In-vitro enzymatic inhibition study on venom enzymes namely phospholipase A2 (PLA2), proteinase and phosphomonoesterase (PME) were studied by measuring the absorbance using the spectrophotometer. There were two main groups; Group 1: venom only; and Group 2: venom with TSE. The mean triplicate determination of venom enzyme activity post-exposure to TSE from Group 2 was taken and analysed against 100% venom enzyme activity from Group 1. Results: Phytochemical screening showed that the TSE has (+++) phenolics and (+++) hydrolysable tannins. TSE significantly reduced all venom enzymatic activities i.e. PLA2, proteinase and PME from the three snake species at 925 nm, 280 nm and 400 nm, respectively. SDS-PAGE experiment showed the disruption of venom protein bands from all three snake species when venom was exposed to 4.76 µg TSE. Conclusion: Ethanolic TSE contains mainly phenolics and hydrolysable tannins which can reduce the snake venom enzymatic activities. This is possibly due to the formation of tannin-protein complex rendering the venom less potent.

scholarly journals The potential of Tamarindus indica seed extract as anti-snake venom against Ophiophagus hannah, Naja kaouthia and Daboia russelli in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Ismail ◽  
Pakeer Oothuman Syed Ahamed ◽  
Khin Maung Maung
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Enzymatic Inhibition ◽  
Superficial Skin ◽  
Naja Kaouthia ◽  
Ophiophagus Hannah

Introduction: Globally, snakebite cases are estimated to be around 5 million annually affecting mainly the poorer countries like Africa and Asia, and in 2009 WHO has categorized it as a ‘neglected tropical disease’. Currently the standard treatment for snake envenomation  is the anti-snake venom therapy, which is expensive, poor supply and species specific. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of using Tamarindus indica seed extract (TSE) to inhibit the in-vitro and in-vivo effects of snake venom of three snakes; namely Ophiophagus hannah, Naja kaouthia and Daboia russelli. Methods: Methanolic extract of TSE was used.  In-vitro enzymatic inhibition study i.e phospholipase A2, proteolytic and phosphomonoesterase were studied.  In-vivo acute subcutaneous (SC) toxicity of TSE in ICR mice was conducted. Study on the SC TSE inhibition of lethality was also conducted. Results: Findings from enzymatic inhibition studies showed that, TSE was able to significantly reduce (p<0.05) all three enzymatic activities. SDS-PAGE experiment showed disruption of protein bands when venom reacted with TSE. No signs of toxicity were observed over 4 weeks when mice were exposed to SC TSE 60mg/20g except for superficial skin ulcers.  Histological examination of the liver, both kidneys and skin showed no changes when compared to the control group.  TSE was able to increase the mice survival rate. Conclusions: The study shows that SC TSE was safe to be injected up to 60mg/20g and has the potential to delay the effects of venoms from O. hannah, N. kaouthia and D. russelli.

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