The Relationship between Kinesthetic Perceptions of Elite Music Theater Singers and Acoustic Measures of Voice Production Methods: A Pedagogic Analysis

Purpose The zebra finch is used as a model to study the neural circuitry of auditory-guided human vocal production. The terminology of birdsong production and acoustic analysis, however, differs from human voice production, making it difficult for voice researchers of either species to navigate the literature from the other. The purpose of this research note is to identify common terminology and measures to better compare information across species. Method Terminology used in the birdsong literature will be mapped onto terminology used in the human voice production literature. Measures typically used to quantify the percepts of pitch, loudness, and quality will be described. Measures common to the literature in both species will be made from the songs of 3 middle-age birds using Praat and Song Analysis Pro. Two measures, cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and Wiener entropy (WE), will be compared to determine if they provide similar information. Results Similarities and differences in terminology and acoustic analyses are presented. A core set of measures including frequency, frequency variability within a syllable, intensity, CPP, and WE are proposed for future studies. CPP and WE are related yet provide unique information about the syllable structure. Conclusions Using a core set of measures familiar to both human voice and birdsong researchers, along with both CPP and WE, will allow characterization of similarities and differences among birds. Standard terminology and measures will improve accessibility of the birdsong literature to human voice researchers and vice versa. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7438964

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Acoustic Correlates of Vocal Quality

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3302.298 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 298-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 160

Author(s):

L. Eskenazi ◽

D. G. Childers ◽

D. M. Hicks

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Predictive Coding ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Inverse Filtering ◽

Linear Predictive Coding ◽

Listening Test ◽

Acoustic Measures ◽

Acoustic Correlates ◽

Vocal Quality ◽

The Relationship

We have investigated the relationship between various voice qualities and several acoustic measures made from the vowel /i/ phonated by subjects with normal voices and patients with vocal disorders. Among the patients (pathological voices), five qualities were investigated: overall severity, hoarseness, breathiness, roughness, and vocal fry. Six acoustic measures were examined. With one exception, all measures were extracted from the residue signal obtained by inverse filtering the speech signal using the linear predictive coding (LPC) technique. A formal listening test was implemented to rate each pathological voice for each vocal quality. A formal listening test also rated overall excellence of the normal voices. A scale of 1–7 was used. Multiple linear regression analysis between the results of the listening test and the various acoustic measures was used with the prediction sums of squares (PRESS) as the selection criteria. Useful prediction equations of order two or less were obtained relating certain acoustic measures and the ratings of pathological voices for each of the five qualities. The two most useful parameters for predicting vocal quality were the Pitch Amplitude (PA) and the Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio (HNR). No acoustic measure could rank the normal voices.

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Imitation in a Second Language Relies on Phonological Categories but Does Not Reflect the Productive Usage of Difficult Sound Contrasts

Language and Speech ◽

10.1177/0023830918803978 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 594-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Miquel Llompart ◽

Eva Reinisch

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Word Reading ◽

Phonological Representation ◽

Read Aloud ◽

Perceptual Categorization ◽

Reading Task ◽

Lexical Representations ◽

Acoustic Measures ◽

Phonological Categories ◽

The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between imitation and both the perception and production abilities of second language (L2) learners for two non-native contrasts differing in their expected degree of difficulty. German learners of English were tested on perceptual categorization, imitation and a word reading task for the difficult English /ɛ/-/æ/ contrast, which tends not to be well encoded in the learners’ phonological inventories, and the easy, near-native /i/-/ɪ/ contrast. As expected, within-task comparisons between contrasts revealed more robust perception and better differentiation during production for /i/-/ɪ/ than /ɛ/-/æ/. Imitation also followed this pattern, suggesting that imitation is modulated by the phonological encoding of L2 categories. Moreover, learners’ ability to imitate /ɛ/ and /æ/ was related to their perception of that contrast, confirming a tight perception-production link at the phonological level for difficult L2 sound contrasts. However, no relationship was observed between acoustic measures for imitated and read-aloud tokens of /ɛ/ and /æ/. This dissociation is mostly attributed to the influence of inaccurate non-native lexical representations in the word reading task. We conclude that imitation is strongly related to the phonological representation of L2 sound contrasts, but does not need to reflect the learners’ productive usage of such non-native distinctions.

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Moving Bodily Fantasies: Medical Performances and Modes of Communication

Dance Research Journal ◽

10.1017/s0149767700008573 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 73-88

Author(s):

Petra Kuppers

Keyword(s):

Cultural Context ◽

Collaborative Work ◽

Contemporary Dance ◽

Visual Artists ◽

Music Theater ◽

Phenomenological Experience ◽

Call And Response ◽

The World ◽

The Relationship ◽

Emergence Of Life

This article investigates the relationship between movement, communication, and medical presentation in three contemporary dance performances. In particular, I wish to present three instances of collaborative work: of work where boundaries between specialists and “lay people,” between different kinds of expertise, and different kinds of knowledges become questioned, dismantled, and (re)erected through performance. My argument hinges on the ongoing creative work involved in the translations between embodiment, phenomenological experience, narratives of self, medical stories, and cultural context. Living as a body in the world means a constant readjustment of these frames, a productive and often painful emergence of life through tensions. What it means to be a (gendered) specialist or a lay person, a patient, or a spectator, emerges in the call-and-response of everyday life, as roles are taken on, re-created, changed, and discarded.A celebrated U.K. dance performance (winner of the Critic's Circle National Dance Award 2004), a U.K. exploratory sci-art experiment by medical experts, writers, and performers, and an Australian music theater piece are at the heart of this analysis: the article explores alignments between semiotic and phenomenological knowledges in these performances. In all of these performances, women are center stage, sometimes as informers, sometimes as playwrights and visual artists, sometimes as main performers.

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Assessing the structural, mechanical and dispersible characteristics of flushable nonwovens

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517519873055 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 90 (5-6) ◽

pp. 581-592

Author(s):

Hande G Atasağun ◽

Gajanan S Bhat

Keyword(s):

Production Technology ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Wet Strength ◽

Government Regulations ◽

Production Methods ◽

Legal Obligations ◽

The World ◽

And Performance ◽

The Relationship ◽

Positive Effect

Flushable wipes have become popular among consumers who worry about environmental problems the world confronts today. However, whether these wipes have a positive effect on environmental protection is contradictory because of the lack of government regulations and legal obligations. Starting from this point, in this study, we characterized commercially available flushable products, which were manufactured from various raw materials by different production methods, in order to understand the relationship between their structure and performance properties. The results showed that production technology had a significant effect on the structural, mechanical, and dispersible properties of nonwovens. The disintegration percentage of nonwovens was inversely related to their wet strength. The findings of this study will be helpful in the design of new flushable nonwovens for improved wet strength and dispersibility performance.

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High-Speed Videoendoscopic Analysis of Relationships between Cepstral-Based Acoustic Measures and Voice Production Mechanisms in Patients Undergoing Phonomicrosurgery

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348941212100510 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 121 (5) ◽

pp. 341-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Daryush D. Mehta ◽

Steven M. Zeitels ◽

James A. Burns ◽

Aaron D. Friedman ◽

Dimitar D. Deliyski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Voice Production ◽

Acoustic Measures ◽

Production Mechanisms

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The La Tène Art Style in British Early Iron Age Pottery

Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society ◽

10.1017/s0079497x00018302 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 160-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. F. Grimes

Keyword(s):

Iron Age ◽

Mass Production ◽

Roman Period ◽

Early Iron Age ◽

Production Methods ◽

Community Or ◽

Limited Scale ◽

Place Of Origin ◽

The Subject ◽

The Relationship

It is a commonplace that of all the mobile art-forms of prehistoric times pottery is the least mobile and the most domestic. It would be wrong to assert categorically that never before the Roman period or the years immediately preceding it was pottery the subject of trade and transport; but the traffic was at least on a limited scale. Unlike objects of metal, therefore, which may wander far from their place of origin in the course of trade or other movement, pottery closely reflects in its distribution the relationship between culture and geography.Pot-making, too, is a comparatively lowly, if an expressive, craft. In a wealthy community, or in a community with varying levels of wealth, pottery takes second place to metal or (where it exists) glass: usually, therefore, pottery is the borrower both of form and of ornament. And while with an inventive people the result may in due course be something new and significant in itself, in less fortunate circumstances—as for instance under the mass-production methods of Roman times—the potter's debt becomes a lifeless imitation of, or a negative development from, the forms and motifs of the superior materials.

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Relationships Between Intra-Speaker Variation in Aerodynamic Measures of Voice Production and Variation in SPL Across Repeated Recordings

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3703.484 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 484-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Eva B. Holmberg ◽

Robert E. Hillman ◽

Joseph S. Perkell ◽

Carla Gress

Keyword(s):

Maximum Flow ◽

Air Pressure ◽

Normal Male ◽

Normal Female ◽

Mean Values ◽

Voice Production ◽

Acoustic Measures ◽

Group Data ◽

Orderly Fashion ◽

Group Variation

Intra-speaker variation in aerodynamic and acoustic measures of voice production across repeated recordings was studied in relation to cross-recording variation in SPL for three normal female and three normal male speakers. Group data for 15 females and 15 males served as the statistical reference. The speech material consisted of syllable strings in soft, normal, and loud voice. Measures were made of (a) parameters characterizing the inverse filtered oral airflow waveform, (b) the inferred average transglottal air pressure and glottal airflow, and (c) SPL. The results showed that intra-speaker parameter variation across recordings was generally less than 2 standard deviations relative to group mean values. In terms of relation to variation in SPL, the measures could be divided into two main groups: (a) For air pressure, AC flow, and maximum flow declination rate, both intra-speaker variation across recordings and inter-speaker (group) variation was related systematically to variation of SPL. For these measures, it is suggested that variation across recordings was due in part to SPL differences, which can be adjusted for statistically, thus facilitating comparisons between absolute values. (b) For other measures, neither intra-speaker variation across recordings nor inter-speaker group variation was systematically related to SPL. However, some of these latter measures changed with SPL in an orderly fashion across soft, normal, and loud voice for individual speakers. The results are discussed in terms of the clinical use of these measures in studies of voice disorders.

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SUSTAINABILITY OF MECHANISATION IN THE NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY / MECHANIZACIJOS TVARUMAS NIGERIJOS STATYBŲ SEKTORIUJE

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management ◽

10.3846/13923730.2011.604541 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 91-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Godwin Iroroakpo Idoro

Keyword(s):

Construction Industry ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Field Survey ◽

Delivery Time ◽

Spearman Correlation ◽

Production Methods ◽

Project Outcome ◽

Construction Plant ◽

Spearman Correlation Test ◽

The Relationship

The study evaluates the level of mechanisation and its sustainability, the relationship between mechanisation and its sustainability and between mechanisation and project outcome. To achieve these, a field survey involving a sample of eighty projects was conducted with the aid of questionnaires. Data were collected on the production methods adopted in excavation and concreting, whether or not the use of plant for the operations were sustainable and the initial and actual delivery time and cost of the projects sampled. The data were analysed using ranking, mean, t-test and Spearman correlation test. The study reveals that the levels of mechanisation and sustainability of mechanisation in the two operations are slightly above average. It also reveals that the level of sustainability of mechanisation has significant influence the level of mechanisation while of mechanisation has significant influence on quality standards and productivity. The study concludes that there is a strong need for measures that will improve the level of mechanisation and its sustainability in the industry and recommend the introduction of plant mobilisation fund by clients, incentives on importation of construction plant and an effective and functional lease market for construction plant as some of the measures that will improve mechanised construction. Santrauka Tyrime vertinamas mechanizacijos lygis ir tvarumas, taip pat ryšys tarp mechanizacijos ir jos tvarumo bei tarp mechanizacijos ir projekto rezultatų. Įvertinti pasirinkta 80 projektų imtis ir atlikta anketinė apklausa. Buvo renkami duomenys apie kasimo ir betono liejimo darbų metodus, apie tai, ar įrangos naudojimas darbams buvo tvarus, taip pat apie pradinį ir realų darbų atlikimo laiką bei imčiai atrinktų projektų kainą. Duomenys analizuoti naudojant rangavimo, vidurkių, t testo metodus ir Spearmano koreliacijos testą. Tyrimas rodo, kad dviejų minėtų darbų atveju mechanizacijos ir mechanizacijos tvarumo lygiai šiek tiek viršija vidurkį. Jis taip pat rodo, kad mechanizacijos tvarumo lygis daro nemažą įtaką mechanizacijos lygiui, o mechanizacija daro reikšmingą įtaką kokybės standartams ir našumui. Tyrime daroma išvada, kad labai reikia priemonių, kurios pagerins sektoriaus mechanizacijos lygį ir tvarumą, bei rekomenduojamos kelios mechanizuotą statybą pagerinsiančios priemonės: klientams įsteigti įrangos mobilizacijos fondą, skatinti statybų įrangos importą ir sukurti efektyvią bei funkcionuojančią statybos įrangos nuomos rinką.

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