Cellular Paradigm of Network Organization: Implications for Present-Day Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Oleskin ◽  
◽  
Vladimir S. Kurdyumov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
Host Organism ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Decentralized Networks ◽  
Central Pacemaker

Microorganisms and cultivated cells from human or animal tissues form complex network structures (colonies, biofilms, flocs, granules, etc.) that are characterized by efficient communication and behavior coordination in the absence of a central pacemaker. The decentralized (flat) network organization of such structures is due to the functioning of (a) information-transmitting intercellular contacts, (b) a signal field created by distant communication systems, including the quorum-sensing system; and (c) a biopolymer matrix that cements the cells of the whole network structure. Microbial network structures exist in the human organism, especially in the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract. The cellular networks engage in complex interaction with the host organism. The organism represents a complex combination of hierarchical structures and decentralized networks and includes the brain, the peripheral nervous system, the immune system, and the endocrine system. The interaction between the microbiota and the host may produce both positive and negative effects on the host’s physical and mental health, because decentralized networks are known to possess not only useful but also potentially harmful properties. Communication between microbial cells and the host organism involves neurochemicals, i.e., chemical compounds, whose functions include impulse transmission between nervous cells. In the final section, the cellular paradigm of network organization is envisaged as the conceptual basis of organizational technology aimed at creating efficient non-hierarchical creative teams that are cemented by common values and goals (the network matrix).

Networks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Jagoda
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Postcolonial Literature ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Sociology ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Victorian Novels ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Early American

Networks influence practically every subfield of literary studies. Unlike hierarchies and centralized structures, networks connote decentralization and distribution. The abstraction of this form makes it applicable to a wide variety of phenomena. For example, the metaphor and form of the network informs the way we think about communication systems in early American writing, social networks in Victorian novels, transnational circulation in postcolonial literature, and computer networks in late 20th-century cyberpunk fiction. Beyond traditional literary genres, network form is also accessible through comparative media analysis. Films, television serials, video games, and transmedia narratives may represent or evoke network structures through medium-specific techniques. The juxtaposition of different literary and artistic forms, across media, helps to defamiliarize network forms and make these complex structures available to thought. Across subfields of literary studies, critics may be drawn to networks because of their resonance with histories of the present and contemporary technoscience. Scholars may also recognize the sense of complexity and interconnection inherent in networks, which resonates with experiences of intertextuality and close reading itself. In addition to studying representations of networks, literary critics employ a variety of network-related methods. These approaches include historicist scholarship that uses network structures to think about social organization and communication in different eras, quantitative digital humanities tools that map networks of literary circulation, qualitative sociology of literature and reader-response theory that analyze networks of readers and publishers, and formalist work that compares network and aesthetic forms.

scholarly journals INTERACTION OF THE SYMBIOTIC MICROBIOTA OF THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT WITH THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE HOST ORGANISM

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
A V Oleskin
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Symbiotic Microbiota

Symbiotic microorganisms inhabit a wide variety of niches in the human organism. Of paramount importance is the microbiota of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract, especially of its distal part (the colon). Bidirectional signal exchange proceeds within the microbiota-host system, and diverse microbial metabolites modify the functions of the nervous system via metabolic, genetic, and neuroendocrine pathways. Increasing attention is currently given to the role of the GI microbiota in terms of the host's physical and mental health; therefore, it has been suggested to replace the widely used term gut-brain axis with the new term microbiota-gut-brain axis. The GI microbiota directly interacts with the enteric nervous system (ENS) that represents a partly autonomous subdivision of the nervous system. An important role is also played by the GI tract-innervating vagus nerve. In addition, the influence of the microbiota on the nervous system can be mediated by the immune system. The microbiota impact on the nervous system of the host results in significant alterations in the host's behavior, mood, and even taste. In the literature, there is evidence that neurological and psychological diseases are linked to microecological disorders (dysbioses) in the GI tract. In particular, dysbioses with manifest GI symptoms are often accompanied by serious brain problems.

scholarly journals Neural network for noise modeling of SiGe HBT's

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Stosic ◽  
Vera Markovic ◽  
Zlatica Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Noise Performance ◽  
Noise Modeling ◽  
Rf Communication ◽  
Modeling Accuracy ◽  
S Parameters

The advantages of SiGe HBTs make them very promising for modern RF communication systems and therefore their noise performance becomes an important issue as well. This paper presents the noise modeling of SiGe HBTs for broad operating ranges. Two neural network structures are presented and discussed from the aspect of modeling accuracy: a basic one and an extended one obtained by adding the S-parameters to the input.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Videography dengan Menggunakan Powtoon untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Mengenai Bullying

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominikus David Biondi Situmorang ◽  
Kusumasari Kartika Hima Damayanti ◽  
Kusumasari Haleda Riezka Hairunnisa Ns
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Learning Spaces ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reflection In Action ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims ◽  
Victims Of Bullying

Abstract. Background: Data from KPAI indicates that there is a high number of perpetrators and victims of bullying. On the other hand, bullying impacts on physical and mental health risks. Especially in line with the development of communication systems, interaction and communication on digital platforms increasingly out of control. The research aims to examine the effectiveness of videography related to bullying material to increase the understanding of bullying. Methods: Data from participants (N = 4) involved in the study were processed qualitatively, including differences in the understanding of participants when before and after the provision of material through videography. Results: Qualitatively, there was an increase in understanding of bullying by using videography. Discussion: Videography based learning always connects to learning spaces and zones, reflection for action (before action), reflection in action (during an action), and reflection of action (after action) consist of the role of reflection and action in learning. Conclusion: The use of videography with Powtoon is effective in increasing understanding of bullying. Implication: For Educators, trainers, and presenters, the use of videography with Powtoon can be applied as a medium in learning and teaching.   Abstrak. Latar belakang: Data dari KPAI mengindikasikan bahwa terdapat jumlah pelaku dan korban bullying yang cukup tinggi. Di sisi lain, bullying berdampak pada resiko kesehatan fisik dan kesehatan mental. Terlebih sejalan dengan berkembangnya sistem komunikasi, interaksi dan komunikasi pada platform digital semakin tidak terkendali. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas videography terkait materi bullying terhadap peningkatan pemahaman bullying. Metode: Data dari partisipan (N = 4) yang terlibat pada penelitian diolah secara kualitatif, meliputi perbedaan pemahaman partisipan ketika sebelum dan sesudah pemberian materi melalui videography. Hasil: Secara kualitatif, terdapat peningkatan pemahaman bullying dengan menggunakan videography. Diskusi: Pembelajaran berbasis videography selalu menghubungkan ke ruang dan zona belajar, refleksi untuk tindakan (sebelum tindakan), refleksi dalam tindakan (selama aksi), dan refleksi tindakan (setelah tindakan) terdiri dari peran refleksi dan tindakan dalam pembelajaran. Kesimpulan: Penggunaan videography dengan Powtoon efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman bullying. Implikasi: Bagi Pendidik, pelatih, dan pemateri, penggunaan videography dengan Powtoon bisa diterapkan sebagai media dalam belajar dan mengajar.

scholarly journals Kaleidoscopic tilings, networks and hierarchical structures in blends of 3-miktoarm star terpolymers

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Judas Kain Kirkensgaard
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Dissipative Particle Dynamics ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Particle Dynamics ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Lamellar Interface ◽  
Miktoarm Star ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Hierarchical Features

Dissipative particle dynamics simulations are used to explore blends of 3-miktoarm star terpolymers. The investigated system is a 50/50 blend of ABC and ABD stars, which is investigated as a function of composition and at different symmetric segregation levels. The study shows that in analogy to pure ABC star melts cylindrical tiling patters form, but now in four-coloured variants. Also, a large part of the phase diagram is dominated by multi-coloured network structures showing hierarchical features. Most prominently, a novel alternating gyroid network structure with a hyperbolic lamellar interface is predicted to form. Here, the two gyroidal nets are composed of respectively C and D components, with the minority A and B components forming the lamellar-like curved structure on the dividing interface between the two nets.

INTERACTION OF THE SYMBIOTIC MICROBIOTA OF THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT WITH THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE HOST ORGANISM

2019 ◽  
pp. 90-100
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Symbiotic Microbiota

Symbiotic microorganisms inhabit a wide variety of niches in the human organism. Of paramount importance is the microbiota of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract, especially of its distal part (the colon). Bidirectional signal exchange proceeds within the microbiota-host system, and diverse microbial metabolites modify the functions of the nervous system via metabolic, genetic, and neuroendocrine pathways. Increasing attention is currently given to the role of the GI microbiota in terms of the host's physical and mental health; therefore, it has been suggested to replace the widely used term gut-brain axis with the new term microbiota-gut-brain axis. The GI microbiota directly interacts with the enteric nervous system (ENS) that represents a partly autonomous subdivision of the nervous system. An important role is also played by the GI tract-innervating vagus nerve. In addition, the influence of the microbiota on the nervous system can be mediated by the immune system. The microbiota impact on the nervous system of the host results in significant alterations in the host's behavior, mood, and even taste. In the literature, there is evidence that neurological and psychological diseases are linked to microecological disorders (dysbioses) in the GI tract. In particular, dysbioses with manifest GI symptoms are often accompanied by serious brain problems.

Stability of centrality measures in valued networks regarding different actor non-response treatments and macro-network structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANJA ŽNIDARŠIČ ◽  
ANUŠKA FERLIGOJ ◽  
PATRICK DOREIAN
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Social Network Data ◽  
Partially Observed ◽  
Underlying Network

AbstractSocial network data are prone to errors regardless their source. This paper focuses on missing data due to actor non-response in valued networks. If actors refuse to provide information, all values for outgoing ties are missing. Partially observed incoming ties to non-respondents and all other patterns for ties between members of the network can be used to impute missing outgoing ties. Many centrality measures are used to determine the most prominent actors inside the network. Using treatments for actor non-response enables us to estimate better the centrality scores of all actors regarding their popularity or prominence. Simulations using initial known blockmodel structures based on three most frequently occurring macro-network structures: cohesive subgroups, core-periphery models, and hierarchical structures were used to evaluate the relative merits of the treatments for non-response. The results indicate that the amount of non-respondents, the type of underlying macro-structure, and the employed treatment have an impact on centrality scores. Regardless of the underlying network structure, the median of the 3-nearest neighbors based on incoming ties performs the best. The adequacy (or not) of the other non-response treatments is contingent on the network macro-structure.

Network Organization as a Result of the Strategy of Forming Global Organizations

2019 ◽  
pp. 139-158
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Information Communication Technology ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Global Organizations ◽  
Local Organizations ◽  
Strategy Change

In this chapter, the authors assume that if an organization implements a development strategy supported by the information communication technology (ICT) progress, its organizational structures are transformed. The implementation of such a strategy leads to the transformation of local organizations into global ones. Organizational structures, forming part of the infrastructure for the implemented strategy, change. As a consequence, the transition from hierarchical structures to network structures takes place. The transformation results in the rise of global organizations.

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