TARP DVIEJŲ KOLONŲ: XVIII A. PABAIGOS – XIX A. PRADŽIOS VILNIAUS MASONŲ KASDIENYBĖ SIMBOLIKOJE

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-163
Author(s):  
Daiva Milinkevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Secular World ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Conservative Christian ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Craft Guilds

The Age of Enlightenment is defined as the period when the universal ideas of progress, deism, humanism, naturalism and others were materialized and became a golden age for freemasons. It is wrong to assume that old and conservative Christian ideas were rejected. Conversely, freemasons put them into new general shapes and expressed them with the help of symbols in their daily routine. Symbols of freemasons had close ties with the past and gave them, on the one hand, a visible instrument, such as rituals and ideas to sense the transcendental, and on the other, intense gnostic aspirations. Freemasons put in a great amount of effort to improve themselves and to create their identity with the help of myths and symbols. It traces its origins to the biblical builders of King Solomon’s Temple, the posterity of the Templar Knights, and associations of the medieval craft guilds, which were also symbolical and became their link not only to each other but also to the secular world. In this work we analysed codified masonic symbols used in their rituals. The subject of our research is the universal Masonic idea and its aspects through the symbols in the daily life of the freemasons in Vilnius. Thanks to freemasons’ signets, we could find continuity, reception, and transformation of universal masonic ideas in the Lithuanian freemasonry and national characteristics of lodges. Taking everything into account, our article shows how the universal idea of freemasonry spread among Lithuanian freemasonry, and which forms and meanings it incorporated in its symbols. The objective of this research is to find a universal Masonic idea throughout their visual and oral symbols and see its impact on the daily life of the masons in Vilnius. Keywords: Freemasonry, Bible, lodge, symbols, rituals, freemasons’ signets.

scholarly journals Pierrot, Arlequín y nosotros, los espectadores. A propósito de Funny Games (Michael Haneke, 1997)

2020 ◽  
pp. 255-269
Author(s):  
Pablo Ferrando-García
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Dimension ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
The Family ◽  
P 16 ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
The One ◽  
Pedagogical Function

We present an analysis of the filmic representation of Funny Games to highlight its playful structure as a game of games. Through a series of narrative efforts, a double operation is carried out, aimed at a specular relationship with the viewer. On the one hand, Michael Haneke’s film offers a series of expressive mechanisms that are aimed at shifting the objective gaze to subjective in order to transfer the perception of the subject presented to the viewer. On the other, it presents a brutal clash between the registers of comedy and tragedy through the young psychopaths, Peter and Paul, who emerge as contemporary clowns, in the figures of Pierrot and Harlequin, whose negative resonances lead to the incarnation of absolute EVil. In turn, the family are the victims, and this is presented as the prototype of the family institution while Peter and Paul are mere archetypes. In this way, the cinematographic screen is turned into a device for interrogating its modes of representation and, in turn, offers a solid moral dimension. The ultimate objective of the Hanekian story is to cover it with “a pedagogical function: to familiarize the cinema, to bring it closer to a daily life so that it speaks from you to you to the experience –to the conscience– of the viewer” (Font, 2002, p. 16). Resumen Nuestra propuesta trata de desarrollar un análisis de la representación fílmica con el propósito de poner de relieve la estructura lúdica de Funny Games como juego de juegos. A través de toda una serie de gestiones narrativas se efectúa una doble operación dirigidas a una relación especular con el espectador. Por un lado, la película de Michael Haneke ofrece una serie de mecanismos expresivos que van encaminados al desplazamiento de la mirada objetiva en subjetiva con el fin de trasladar la percepción del sujeto de la enunciación al narratario/espectador. Por otro, presenta un brutal choque entre el registro de la comedia con la tragedia a través de los jóvenes psicópatas, Peter y Paul, que se erigen en los payasos contemporáneos, en las figuras de Pierrot y Arlequín, cuyas resonancias negativas conducen a la encarnación del Mal absoluto. A su vez, George y Anne Schöber son las víctimas y estos son expuestos como el prototipo de la institución familiar mientras Peter y Paul son meros arquetipos narrativos. De este modo, la pantalla cinematográfica se convierte en un dispositivo de interrogación sobre sus modos de representación y, a su vez, ofrece una sólida dimensión moral. El objetivo último del relato hanekiano es revestirlo de “una función pedagógica: familiarizar el cine, acercarlo a una cotidianidad para que hable de tú a tú a la experiencia –a la conciencia– del espectador” (Font, 2002: 16).

scholarly journals Visit Transylvania! Transylvania Representations of Tourists Coming from Abroad

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Gyöngyi Pásztor ◽  
Anita Dózsa
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The subject of the present study is Transylvania as a tourist destination, more precisely the analysis of what Transylvania means for the foreign tourists visiting here, and what meaning they attach to it. The timeliness of the issue is given by two factors. On the one hand the number of events with a touristic appeal has grown in the past years in Transylvania, and similarly the number of tourists has risen. On the other hand, writings that recommend Transylvania as an outstanding destination are more and more frequent in the international public sphere, in other words, it increasingly appears on the map of international tourism.

Equivalent Representations in the Learning of Algebra

1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 616-619
Author(s):  
Frances Van Dyke ◽  
Timothy V. Craine
Keyword(s):  
Functional Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Algebraic Representation ◽  
Algebra For All ◽  
The Past ◽  
Equivalent Expression ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Set Of Points ◽  
Graphing Technology

In the past few years, much discussion has taken place about what direction the teaching of algebra should take in view of the NCTM's Standards documents (1989, 1991, 1995), the increased availability of graphing technology, and the movement toward “algebra for all.” Because we view algebra as a language for expressing relationships between quantities and for exploring patterns, we support a functional approach to the subject in which all ideas are put in a context and graphing calculators are used extensively. Within tills framework, however, students who are trying to learn algebra experience subtle difficulties. On the one hand, students fail to recognize the underlying equivalence when the same set of points is represented by a graph or an equation or a table. On the other hand, when given an algebraic representation for a particular function, students fail to see that they can use the rules of algebra to produce an equivalent expression. In both situations, they tend to see changes in form as producing unrelated representations.

scholarly journals II.—Notes on the Relations of the Rhætic Beds to the Lower Lias and Keuper Formations in Somersetshire

1872 ◽  
Vol 9 (95) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
Horace B. Woodward ◽  
J. H. Blake
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Opening Up

It would at first sight seem superfluous that anything more should be written upon the relations of the Rhætic Beds in England, for during the past twelve years they have received so much attention—the principal sections have been described, and the beds have been well and successfully searched for fossils. But whilst there has been no lack of petrological and palæontological evidence,—and we ought to be very thankful to railway companies in the western counties for opening up so many fine sections,—still it is somewhat astonishing to remark, there has been and there still appears to be a considerable diversity of opinion on the subject of the relations of the beds. Some authorities have placed them with the Lias, others with the Trias; some regard them as quite an independent formation, others as passage-beds belonging as much to the one as to the other.

Past and Future With some Thoughts on Heredity

1901 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 292-313
Author(s):  
Spencer C. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Forward Direction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Actuarial Science ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
The Past ◽  
Look Back ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One

Exactly twenty years have elapsed since I first had the honour of addressing the members of the Actuarial Society as their Honorary President, being then but on the threshold of my official life.Again ten years later I once more occupied this chair.And now after the lapse of another ten years, as my professional career draws somewhat near its close, and you have again kindly asked me to become your President, there comes on me in meeting you at the beginning of your session for the purpose of offering to you a few words of welcome, a desire, on the one hand, to look back over the past—to get out of the trees, as it were, and see the forest,—and on the other, already throwing loose the trammels of daily routine, to turn in the forward direction with an endeavour to peer some way into the future and see what is in store for us there.I will accordingly endeavour to ascertain in what way our science and the great practical businesses built upon it—and to promote which actuarial science mainly exists—have been tending during these more recent years, and, by carrying on the lines in the same direction, to make some forecast of the conditions that will prevail when you, who are entering on the actuarial profession, in your turn take the helm of management.

scholarly journals Martin Luther in the Light of Recent Criticism

1914 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-230
Author(s):  
Ephraim Emerton
Keyword(s):  
Martin Luther ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Recent Criticism ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The decade just passed has witnessed an unusual activity in the production of books about Martin Luther. This activity has been greatly stimulated by the re-introduction of a method of controversy which reasonable men had been hoping was forever silenced. Until about a generation ago there had been two obvious and hopelessly opposed ways of approach to the subject of Luther's character and work. From the one side he was presented as an angel of light; from the other as the type of a depraved and malicious spirit, moved to activity not through any desire to improve the condition of his people but because, being the malignant thing he was, he could not act otherwise. It need hardly be said to the readers of this Review that both of these views of Luther are essentially false. They are perfectly intelligible, one equally with the other. They are the natural precipitation of the bitter controversies that gathered about him in his life, and continued long after his death to complicate the political and economic struggles out of which the new Europe of our day was born. In the light of our modern historical method, both views appear crude and unscientific. They represent a way of looking at historical characters and historical events to which we are apt to apply the crushing word “old-fashioned.” And in fact it did seem, up to a very few years ago, that these primitive judgments, which classified men into good and bad, angels and fiends, had become a thing of the past.

scholarly journals Urbanismo Colaborativo

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Moreno Balboa
Keyword(s):  
Living Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Interest ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
Government Functions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

¿Ha cambiado el concepto de ciudad en tan sólo 2400 años? Si la ciudad la componen los ciudadanos ¿son éstos distintos de los ciudadanos de las antiguas polis? Si el ciudadano es quien participa en las funciones de gobierno de su ciudad, ¿quién es ahora realmente, ciudadano? ¿Quién quiere serlo? y quién quisiera participar de dichas funciones, ¿cómo podría conseguirlo?En la sociedad actual se producen dos situaciones antagónicas que afectan al desarrollo de la ciudad, por un lado las administraciones, actuando orientadas al interés general, reconocen pero congelan las posibilidades de participar de la población en el urbanismo y la creación de ciudad; y por otro lado la sociedad se mueve y actúa al margen de las administraciones en la mejora de su entorno y sus condiciones de vida, desde las denominadas iniciativas urbanas. Cuáles son los motivos de esta situación y cómo hacer que ambos movimientos coincidan en la generación del denominado “Urbanismo Colaborativo”, es el objeto de este trabajo.AbstractHas the concept of city changed in only the past 2400 years? If the city is the one consisting the citizens, are these any different of the citizens ancient polis? If the citizen is one participating in his city’s government functions, who is the real citizen now a days? Who wants to be one? Who wants to participate in those functions? How could someone acomplish that?In today’s society, there are two antagonistic situations that are affecting the development of the city, on the one hand the administrations, acting orientated to the general interest, they recognize but freeze the possibilities that the citizens have of participating in urbanism and the creation of the city. And on the other hand, the society moves and acts outside of the administrations for the improvement of their environment and their living conditions, doing this from the named urban initiatives. What causes this situation and how to put together both movements and for them to agree in the generation of the named “Collaborative Urbanism” is the subject and what this study wants to acomplish.

scholarly journals Images of Miloje M. Vasić in Serbian Archaeology

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Palavestra
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The One

Miloje M. Vasić, "the first academically educated archaeologist in Serbia", has a strange destiny in the Serbian archaeology. On the one hand, he has been elevated to the post of the "founding father" of the discipline, with almost semidivine status and iconic importance, while on the other hand, his works have been largely unread and neglected. This paradoxical split is the consequence of the fact that Vasić has been postulated as the universal benchmark of the archaeological practice in Serbia, regardless of his interpretation of the past on the grounds of the archaeological record – the essence of archaeology. Strangely, the life and work of Vasić have not been the subject of much writing, apart from several obituaries, two short appropriate texts (Srejović, Cermanović), and rare articles in catalogues and collections dedicated to the research of Vinča (Garašanin, Srejović, Tasić, Nikolić and Vuković). The critical analysis of his whole interpretive constellation, with "The Ionian colony Vinča" being its brightest star, was limited before the World War II to the rare attempts to rectify the chronology and identify the Neolithic of the Danube valley (Fewkes, Grbić, Holste). After the war, by the middle of the 20th century, the interpretation of Vasić has been put to severe criticism of his students (Garašanin, Milojčić, Benac), which led to the significant paradigm shift, the recognition of the importance of the Balkan Neolithic, and the establishment of the culture-historical approach in the Serbian archaeology. However, from this moment on, the reception of Vasić in the Serbian archaeology has taken a strange route: Vasić as a person gains in importance, but his works are neglected, though referred to, but almost in a cultic fashion, without reading or interpreting them. Rare is a paper on the Neolithic of the Central Balkans that does not call upon the name of Vasić and his four- volume "Vinča", in which Neolithic is not mentioned at all. This paradox becomes clearer if Vasić is regarded through the prism of the problematic, but not yet challenged and universally praised values in the Serbian archaeology: material, fieldwork and authority, as opposed to interpretation, which is regarded as ephemeral. From this point of view it becomes clear how the image of Vasić grows into the icon of the Serbian archaeology, while his work slides into the domain of the oral tradition, half-truths, and apocryphal anecdotes. Considering that the majority of the Serbian archaeological community shares the belief that there is an absolute archaeological method and "pure" archaeological material, both representing "the data not burdened by theory", the field journals of Vasić and his published works become the source of the "material", while his interpretation of the past is neglected. As long as these "data" are not considered in connection to the whole opus of Vasić, the research questions and strategies that directed his work, the Serbian archaeology will be inhabited by two separate images: one – forefather and founder, the researcher of the Neolithic Vinča, "the first real Serbian archaeologist", whose face gazes at us sternly from the bronze busts and enlarged photographs, and the other – vulnerable and insulted dreamer, convinced in his philhellene delusion. Only the integration of these two images will pay due homage to Miloje M. Vasić.

scholarly journals Presencias de lo Cotidiano. Objetos y Creatividad en el Arte Moderno y Contemporáneo: Aproximación al Caso de Antoni Tàpies

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Albert Macaya
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Language Game ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Forms ◽  
The One

<p>Daily life objects have been present in modern and contemporary art, in the creative process of many artists as much as in artworks themselves. Links between art and objects are multidimensional and have enabled some of the most interesting experiences in recent art. In this paper, we will examine the dimensions that objects have acquired in the work of artists. We will outline two major directions in what concerns the use of objects in recent art: on the one hand, the gazes that show us daily life objects on a new way and, on the other, the works that bring objects into a sort of language game, giving new significance to them. After a summary review of several references in the art of the past, we will focus on the use of objects in the work of Antoni Tapies, in order to explore an interesting net of possible nexus between objects and a diversity of signification modes and cultural forms.</p>

Sketch of the French Legislation Relative to the Insane

1882 ◽  
Vol 28 (123) ◽  
pp. 356-369
Author(s):  
Achille Foville
Keyword(s):  
Public Authority ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Criminal Intent ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sound Mind ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Required

The conditions established to regulate the admission of patients into lunatic asylums have given rise, in every country, to a great deal of discussion. On the one hand, many unacquainted with medicine are inclined to dread the abuse of the power to confine individuals not really insane under the pretext of insanity, and with more or less criminal intent; therefore these persons contend that admissions to asylums should be preceded by intricate formalities and repeated inquiries, with the interference of some public authority, such as a commission of either judicial or administrative officers. On the other hand, physicians advocate the necessity of prompt recourse to an asylum, not only for the patient's own benefit, but for his family's welfare; they demonstrate that a man labouring under acute insanity cannot be left to himself during the time required to set in motion the working of such complicated machinery as that proposed to be brought into action prior to his admission into a hospital; they further reject all interference of the public authorities to this end, as hurtful to private family feeling and the maintenance of professional secrecy, demanding, likewise, the greatest facilities for easy admission, guaranteed, nevertheless, by any number of subsequent examinations, or other means of inquiry into the case; and, finally, they hold that such supposed illegal confinements do not exist, since it has not been proved that any one really of sound mind has ever been shut up in any asylum, and that, therefore, the liberty of the subject is in no danger whatever. So in this respect we may rest confident, seeing that the past gives us full assurance for the future. Such is, upon the whole, the main point of dispute in every discussion on the subject, which happens to spring up again and again in different countries.

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