HIV infection in nurse practice

HIV infection is a significant problem in the modern world, because there are more and more infected people every year. This article will consider: the clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of this disease in different countries. Based on these data, the following conclusions will be made to help doctors in their future practice correctly approach the diagnosis and treatment of patients with this disease.

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Clinical outcomes of syphilis in HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM: occurrence of repeat syphilis episodes and non-treponemal serology responses

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2020-054887 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. sextrans-2020-054887

Author(s):

Silvia Achia Nieuwenburg ◽

Ricardo Jamie Sprenger ◽

Maarten Franciscus Schim van der Loeff ◽

Henry John Christiaan de Vries

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Disease Stage ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽

Serological Response ◽

History Of ◽

Hiv Negative

ObjectivesHIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) may be at a higher risk of repeat syphilis, have different clinical manifestations and have a different serological response to treatment compared with HIV-negative MSM. The objective of this study was to assess whether HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM with infectious syphilis (primary, secondary or early latent) differed in history of previous syphilis episodes, disease stage and non-treponemal titre of initial and repeat episodes, and the titre response 6 and 12 months after treatment. Furthermore, determinants associated with an inadequate titre response after treatment were explored.MethodsThis retrospective analysis used data of five longitudinal studies (four cohorts; one randomised controlled trial) conducted at the STI clinic in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Participants were tested for syphilis and completed questionnaires on sexual risk behaviour every 3–6 months. We included data of participants with ≥1 syphilis diagnosis in 2014–2019. Pearson’s χ² test was used to compare HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM in occurrence of previous syphilis episodes, disease stage of initial and repeat syphilis episode and non-treponemal titre treatment responses.ResultsWe included 355 participants with total 459 syphilis episodes. HIV-positive MSM were more likely to have a history of previous syphilis episodes compared with HIV-negative MSM (68/90 (75.6%) vs 96/265 (36.2%); p<0.001). Moreover, HIV-positive MSM with repeat syphilis were less often diagnosed with primary syphilis (7/73 (9.6%) vs 36/126 (28.6%)) and more often diagnosed with secondary syphilis (16/73 (21.9%) vs 17/126 (13.5%)) and early latent syphilis (50/73 (68.5%) vs 73/126 (57.9%)) (p=0.005). While not significantly different at 12 months, HIV-negative MSM were more likely to have an adequate titre response after 6 months compared with HIV-positive MSM (138/143 (96.5%) vs 66/74 (89.2%); p=0.032).ConclusionsIn repeat syphilis, HIV infection is associated with advanced syphilis stages and with higher non-treponemal titres. HIV infection affects the serological outcome after treatment, as an adequate titre response was observed earlier in HIV-negative MSM.

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Sexually transmitted infections among HIV positive patients: a five year retrospective study

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20184724 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

N. Saravanan ◽

Murugan Swamiappan ◽

Rajkumar Kannan ◽

G. Arul Raja

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Hiv And Aids ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Clinical Records

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are the most well established risk factors for the spread of HIV infection. STIs act as cofactors and facilitators for HIV transmission. The effects of HIV infection on immunity can increase susceptibility to other STIs. The aims and objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of co-infection of sexually transmitted infections among people living with HIV and AIDS.Methods: A retrospective chart review of the data collected from the clinical records of all HIV patients who had attended the STI clinic of Chengalpattu Medical College, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu during the five years period, from January 2013 to December 2017, was carried out. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, co-infection of STIs among HIV patients, laboratory investigations and treatment were collected. The data collected were computed and analyzed statistically.Results: During the study period of 5 years from 2013 to 2017 the total number of patients attended the STI clinic were 10825, among that males were 4534 (41.88%) and females were 6291 (58.12%). STIs/RTIs were seen in 2560 (23.65%) cases among the total number of patients attended. HIV was found to be positive in 294 cases, in that 168 (57.15%) were males and 126 (42.85%) were females. In male HIV patients, 51 (30.36%) had co-infection with other STIs/RTIs. In female HIV patients, 57 (45.24) % had co-infection with other STIs/RTIs. Viral STIs was the common co-infection seen in males and vaginal cervical discharge was common in females.Conclusions: STI/RTI co-infection, both symptomatic and asymptomatic are common among PLHIV. Hence they should be regularly counselled regarding the significance of periodic screening for STI/RTIs avoidance of high risk sexual behaviour.

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Retrospective diagnosis of acute phase of HIV-infection

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj84417 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 82 (6) ◽

pp. 417-420

Author(s):

D. K. Bashirova ◽

I. M. Khaertynova ◽

O. M. Romanenko ◽

F. K. Sirazieva ◽

E. A. Zamyatina

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Medical Advice ◽

Case Histories ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Retrospective Diagnosis ◽

Herpetic Infection ◽

Acute Hiv ◽

Expected Increase

The retrospective analysis of case histories of HIV- infected persons is carried out. It is established that in 62 patients there were clinical manifestations of acute HIV-infection: lymphadenopathy (60%), fever (71,2%), eruption (6,5%), diarrhea (3%), herpetic infection (3%), body mass decrease (30%), neurologic symptomatology. The growth of the number of persons with fresh" infections HIV is noted in Kazan and in most regions of Tatarstan Republic. Expected increase of persons with acute stages of HIV infection taking medical advice demands being on guard of medical workers of various specialities.

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Comparison of Quantiferon-TB Gold and TST tests in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV infected patients in Hamadan, west of Iran

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.12139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (04) ◽

pp. 360-365

Author(s):

Fariba Keramat ◽

Benyamin Bagheri Delavar ◽

Alireza Zamani ◽

Jalal Poorolajal ◽

Elham Lajevardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Latent Tuberculosis ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Percent Agreement ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases the susceptibility of patients for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and reactivtion tuberculosis. This study aimed to compare the Quantiferon-TB gold-in tube test (QFT) with tuberculin skin test (TST) in the diagnosis of LTBI in HIV infected patients. Methodology: This comparative study of 89 patients with HIV in the Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center in Hamadan was carried out from July 2015 to November 2016. After obtaining consent from the patients, all demographic data, clinical manifestations, and laboratory results (CD4 count, TST and QFT) were entered into the questionnaires. The CD4 count is usually routinely performed using flow cytometry at the Behavioral Counselling Center. Quantiferon-TB test was done by using Qiagen – Quantiferon-2 plate kit ELISA. Results: Totally, 89 HIV infected patients with the mean age of 39.55 ± 10.31 years old were enrolled in the study. Sixty patients (67.42%) were male. The mean duration of HIV infection was 4.44 ± 3.88 years and the mean of CD4 count was 388.65 ± 260.66 cells/µL . Twenty patients had LTBI based on TST. Considering the QFT intermediate results as a positive test, the percent agreement of QFT and TST was 59.55%, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.2387). Conclusions: According to the results, there was no significant percent agreement between QFT and TST for detecting LTBI in HIV infected patients. However, by decreasing CD4 counts, there was a significant relation between TST positive and LTBI in HIV patients.

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Favorable outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an HIV-infected patient

Infekcionnye bolezni ◽

10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-131-134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 131-134

Author(s):

E.A. Samotolkina ◽

◽

A.V. Pokrovskaya ◽

E.S. Samotolkina ◽

D.M. Popova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Key Words ◽

Infected Patient ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Favorable Outcome ◽

Key Words Hiv ◽

Key Words Hiv Infection

In this article, we report a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an HIV-infected patient receiving antiretroviral therapy. The case is interesting because of its favorable outcome despite severe clinical manifestations of the disease. Key words: HIV infection, case report, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

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Modern approach to the diagnosis and treatment of thrombocytopenia

Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine) ◽

10.33920/med-10-2112-04 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 28-34

Author(s):

Marina Leonidovna Kochieva

Keyword(s):

Blood Test ◽

Healthy Adult ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Antithyroid Drugs ◽

Modern Approach ◽

Somatic Diseases ◽

Immunodeficiency States ◽

Test Treatment ◽

Main Clinical Manifestation ◽

Platelet Formation

Normally, the number of platelets in a healthy adult is in the range of 150-320 x 10⁹. A condition in which their number falls below 150x10⁹ is called thrombocytopenia. It can be both associated with a violation of the process of platelet formation in the bone marrow (in particular, with aplastic anemia, hemoblastosis, thrombocytopenic purpura), and be a concomitant pathology, for example, be a consequence of drug treatment of a number of somatic diseases. In the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia, three main directions are distinguished: a decrease in platelet production, an acceleration of their decay and a violation of the distribution of the platelet pool with their sequestration in the spleen. Most often, drug thrombocytopenia develops against the background of the use of cytostatics, chloramphenicol, antithyroid drugs, NSAIDs. The decrease in the number of platelets can also be influenced by the regular use of alcohol, some infectious diseases, and immunodeficiency states. The main clinical manifestation of thrombocytopenia is hemorrhagic syndrome, proceeding as petechial rashes or ecchymosis, however, in some cases, clinical manifestations may be absent, and then the diagnosis is made on the basis of a clinical blood test. Treatment of thrombocytopenia is carried out taking into account the etiological factor that caused it.

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