Money and its circulation in Russia and abroad: trends and modernity

2021 ◽  
pp. 276-286
Author(s):  
Roman Sergeevich Gubanov
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
And Control ◽  
National Banking System ◽  
Monetary Circulation ◽  
Money Circulation

Money is studied through the prism of new approaches to the interpretation of its essence and taking into account the retrospective data on the nature and causes of money. The dynamics and structure of cash in circulation are presented, and the features of its circulation in the national financial system are revealed. The article examines the issues of money classification in the context of changing the strategy of their use in money circulation. The article analyzes the structure of banknotes and coins in monetary circulation in Russia. A comparative assessment of the dynamics of cash in the Russian circulation system for the period from 2020 to 2021 is given. The article describes the foreign practice of implementing the refundable cash benefit mechanism in the system of regulation and control of the cash supply in circulation as a tool for improving the efficiency of innovation activities. The priorities of cash distribution in the leading countries of the world are identified, on the basis of which the article concludes that the monetary policy in Japan, Switzerland and the United States is prioritized in the system of solving problems to improve the quality of money distribution in the global financial space. The article examines the positive experience of Brazil in adapting the money circulation system after the COVID-19 pandemic to the new realities and prospects for the development of the global money market. The policy of concessional lending and the provision of financial assistance at the expense of the resources of the national banking system through the implementation of government programs reflects the result of the transformation of the money supply into a system of social transfers.

College Campus Sexual Assault: The Contribution of Peers’ Proabuse Informational Support and Attachments to Abusive Peers

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 922-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter S. DeKeseredy ◽  
Amanda Hall-Sanchez ◽  
James Nolan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Campus Sexual Assault ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
And Control

Since the mid-1980s, researchers across the United States have uncovered high rates of sexual assault among female college students. However, to advance a better understanding of this gendered type of victimization, and to both prevent and control this problem, the research community needs to identify its major correlates. One that is consistently uncovered in North American campus survey work is negative peer support, especially that provided by male peers. Yet, some earlier studies have found that mixed-sex negative peer support, too, contributes to campus sexual assault. Using recent data from the Campus Quality of Life Survey conducted at a large residential school in the South Atlantic region of the United States, the main objectives of this article are to examine the role of mixed-sex negative peer support in campus sexual assault and to identify the groups of women most at risk of having friends who offer such support.

scholarly journals BANK SYARIAH : Antara Labelisasi dan Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-70
Author(s):  
Mansur Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Internal Field ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Banking Service ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
National Banking System

The concept of Syariah Bank empowerment of the community's economy through its products such as: Mudharabah, Musyarakah, Murabahah, Kafala, and others, is a banking service that reflects its concern for improving the economy and welfare of the poor. While the weaknesses in the internal field such as inadequate institutional factors, and external factors, such as the readiness of the community to accept the presence of the Syariah Bank, are welcome in the National banking system, provided they are accompanied by high progression. The labeling of "syariah" in a bank is intended as a banking system in accordance with Islamic Law (Syariah) which is rahmatan lil ‘alamin. While the influence of labeling in the context of community economic empowerment is not so significant. Because, there is more needed is the quality of service and ease of access. In addition, the formalization of religion has the potential to be misused by its role to be so particular. In fact, for non-Muslims it is considered a political-economic institution founded on religious sentiments. Thus, the position of Bank Syariah is still ambiguous between community economic empowerment or formalization of religion.

Quality of life and control of allergic rhinitis in patients from regions beyond western Europe and the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1684-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Maspero ◽  
B. W. Lee ◽  
C. H. Katelaris ◽  
P. C. Potter ◽  
C. Cingi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
United States ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Design and implementation of the asthma treat smart system in a pediatric institution

2015 ◽  
pp. 353-366
Keyword(s):  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coordinated Care ◽  
Asthma Care ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Provider Training ◽  
Evidence Based Guideline ◽  
And Control ◽  
Improve Patient

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood, affecting an estimated 7 million children (9.4%) in the United States. Asthma care is complex and dynamic requiring temporal, multi-faceted, and coordinated care. The purpose of the Asthma Treat Smart (ATS) application was to help providers provide evidence-based, guideline-compliant care to patients presenting to the pulmonary clinic for treatment of asthma. The application guides the providers through collecting the necessary information to classify the patient’s severity and control and suggests appropriate medications according to the classification, age, and guidelines. The application helps to improve patient safety, healthcare provider training, and improves the quality of care patients receive by helping to align their chronic asthma care with national guidelines.

scholarly journals Gender-Based Human Development in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Pusposari
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Gender Development ◽  
Gender Justice ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Control

Gender-based human development alludes to improving the quality of life for men and women. Ideally, increasing gender development will create a balance of empowerment between men and women. Gender justice is a process ensuring the fair treatment of women and men alike and removing role-making, double burden, subordination, marginalization, and violence against women by men. Indonesia’s gender-based human development is characterized by the absence of discrimination between women and men in gaining access, opportunity to participate, and control over development and obtaining equal and equitable benefits from Development. Gender-based development in societal and state life is being pioneered with government programs implementing gender-responsive policies. Keywords: human development, gender, equivalent, fair

scholarly journals The United States: The First Formalization of Banking Supervision

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
Eiji Hotori ◽  
Mikael Wendschlag ◽  
Thibaud Giddey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Banking System ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Banking Supervision ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Us ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
National Banking System

AbstractThis chapter examines the formalization of banking supervision in the United States (US), focusing on the federal level. During the “free banking era” from the late 1830s to 1864, several state governments created banking supervisory systems at the state level. Triggered by the fiscal needs of the Civil War, as well as the demand for a national currency, the US became the first country to introduce uniform nationwide banking supervision with the creation of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) and the national banking system. The main purpose of the OCC was to ensure that the national banks did not violate the regulations related to the new currency, the US dollar. From a historical perspective, the rapid social and economic development of the US from the 1850s provided the background for this institutional change. Although the US case demonstrates that financial crises have not always driven the formalization of banking supervision, the crises of 1907 and the Great Depression served to further strengthen the formalization of banking supervision by prompting the introduction of multi-agency banking supervision in the US.

scholarly journals Jackson, the Bank War, and the Legacy of the Second Bank of the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 501-507
Author(s):  
Peter L. Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Structure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Financial Failure ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
National Banking System

President Jackson vetoed the bill to recharter the Second Bank of the United States on July 10, 1832. I describe events leading to the veto and through the bank's dissolution in 1836 using private correspondence and official government documents. These sources reveal a political process through which charges against the bank took hold, accomplices and backup plans were lined up, and the bank was ultimately destroyed with the assistance of chartered banks in New York City. Although the aggressive means by which the bank was dismantled led to a system-wide financial failure and recession in the short term, the long-run outcome was likely a wider diffusion of banking services and a more efficient allocation of capital. The Federal Reserve benefited from applying a more rigorous regulatory structure onto the grid that the populists, free bankers, and National Banking System established.

Banking and Monetary Policy in American Economic History up to the Formation of the Federal Reserve

2018 ◽  
pp. 257-276
Author(s):  
Peter Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Banking ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Money Creation ◽  
Private Banking ◽  
National Banking System

The US economy developed from an agricultural one mired in debt to an engine of growth between 1790 and 1913. The nation’s bourgeoning financial system was at the heart of this transformation. Growing from three banks in 1790 to more than 22,000 in 1913, the United States became the worldwide leader in private banking. This path, however, was not always smooth, and experiments with various forms of money creation and regulation subjected the nation to periodic panics. Despite a number of missteps, the approach led to financial development and monetary stability. We review this history and key research that defines the literature. Topics include early central banking, free banking, the National Banking System, and the founding of the Federal Reserve. We also offer a guide to areas that now generate considerable research interest, including finance and growth, the roles of banks and other intermediaries, crises, and the rise of deposits.

scholarly journals Демографический дайджест

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-172
Author(s):  
Илья Савельевич Кашницкий
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
East West

Sanderson W.C., S. Scherbov. Faster increases in human life expectancy could lead to slower population agingDukhovnov D., E. Zagheni. Who takes care of whom in the United States? Time transfers by age and sexWahrendorf M. Previous employment histories and quality of life in older ages: sequence analyses using SHARELIFENorberg K., J. Pantano. Cesarean sections and subsequent fertilityFox J., M. Myrskylä. Urban fertility responses to local government programs: Evidence from the 1923-1932 U.S.Herr J.L. Measuring the effect of the timing of first birth on wagesMyrskylä M., R. Margolis. Happiness: before and after the kidsSwitek M. Internal migration and life satisfaction: Well-being paths of young adult migrantsVan Mol C., H.A.G. de Valk. Relationship satisfaction of European binational couples in the NetherlandsKlüsener S., J.R. Goldstein. A long-standing demographic East–West divide in GermanyBarclay K., M. Kolk. Birth order and mortality: A population-based cohort study

Designing a national currency: antebellum payment networks and the structure of the national banking system

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Redenius
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial History ◽  
Cash Payment ◽  
The Us ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
National Banking System ◽  
Geographical Scope

As reflected in the April 2006 issue of the Financial History Review, monetary historians remain divided over the central features of the US monetary union and their contribution to US economic development. In that issue – which focused on the monetary union formed by the Constitution and early federal monetary legislation – Ronald Michener and Robert E. Wright focused on the creation of a uniform unit of account defined in terms of specie. The establishment of a uniform unit of account ‘simplified domestic and international transactions’ compared with the colonial period when ‘[e]conomic calculations across regions were complicated by the fact that people had to reckon with different units of account, without the aid of electronic calculators’. By contrast, Richard Sylla emphasised the role the Bank of the United States played in reducing the costs and risks of clearing and settling interregional payments. An institution, like the Bank, that operated on a national scale was particularly important in the United States because of the limited geographical scope of state bank operations. The Bank's notes and deposits became a truly national monetary standard, and the Bank helped to maintain the value of state bank notes, the principal means of cash payment in the antebellum economy, by enforcing par redemption.

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