Digitalization of customs control of cultural properties in international trad

2021 ◽  
pp. 363-375
Author(s):  
Kristina Aleksandrovna Voishcheva ◽  
Aleksei Valerievich Bondarenko ◽  
Larisa Sergeevna Pritchina ◽  
Valentin Yur’evich Vakhrushev
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Art Business ◽  
Art Objects ◽  
Arms Trade ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
Customs Administration

The development of international trade and the growing influence of visual images on the consciousness of modern society have led to a steadily growing demand for art objects. However, the art market is a gold mine for professional thieves. Every month, more than a thousand works of art are stolen in the world. The criminal art business ranks third after drug trafficking and the arms trade. The level of detection of crimes related to the theft of art objects is still negligibly low (only 1.5 % of court cases end in favor of the owners), the amount of money is colossal (according to general estimates, the global value of stolen works is 3.7 billion pounds), and the interest of the internal authorities of different countries in training specialized search personnel is scanty. The relevance of the presented topic lies in the fact that the globalization of international trade in cultural values and the high corruption component require improving customs administration and improving the quality of customs activities. Today, innovative technologies are able to automate the process of control over cultural values, speed up and simplify the process of interaction between foreign trade participants and customs authorities, as well as ensure complete safety of transportation of cultural heritage objects. Objective: to develop proposals for improving customs control over the movement of cultural property, in particular, by creating an information interdepartmental system for monitoring the movement of cultural property using blockchain technologies and the Internet of Things, which can provide greater transparency in the movement of art objects. Object of research: ensuring customs control over the movement of cultural heritage objects. Subject of research: cutting-edge technologies as a means of improving the effectiveness of customs control over the movement of cultural property.

PROBLEMS OF CLASSIFICATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
SVETLANA IVANOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Cultural Inheritance ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
Cultural Monuments

The purpose of the research work is to analyze the norms of Federal laws, as well as the laws of the Russian Federation's constituent entities, devoted to the definitions and classification of the concepts “cultural heritage”, “historical and cultural monuments”, “cultural values”. Conclusions obtained in the course of the research: based on the study of current legislation, it is concluded that the definitions of “cultural values”, “cultural property”, “objects of cultural inheritance” contained in various normative legal acts differ in content. Based on the research, the author proposes the concept of “cultural values”.

scholarly journals Appraisal of documentary heritage objects value in scientific library, archives, museum: topical problems of theory and practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-116
Author(s):  
I. Ya. Losiyevsky
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Individual Concepts ◽  
Scientific Libraries ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
Local Significance

The article is devoted to the topical problems of theory and practice of appraisal of documentary heritage objects value in scientific libraries, archives, museums taking into consideration functional and stock specifics of these institutions. Its goals and tasks, principles and axiological criteria are described. It is shown that the main goal of such appraisal is determining the place of documentary heritage objects as the objects of the appraisal in the system of cultural values of modern society, establishing the belonging of these objects to cultural heritage objects of world, national, regional, local significance. Appraisal of documentary heritage objects is analyzed as one of important areas of scientific and administrative activities which to a large extent ensures the functioning, improvement of information potential and accordingly the image of the library, archives, museum. The Ukrainian experience of the recent decades is highlighted in many aspects, namely: regulation, organization and appraising documentary heritage objects at the state, interdepartmental and departmental levels, at the level of the profile institution fund-holder. The features of the appraisal, the objects of which are archival heritage objects and book heritage objects, are revealed. It is emphasized that the appraisal of value of the existing funds and collections of documentary heritage objects is the basis for the development and implementation of modern individual concepts and integrative projects for libraries, archives and museums, which provides for the coexistence and interrelation of material expositions and various forms of virtual information.

Interpretation of Material Cultural Heritage in the Context of Museum

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-2) ◽  
pp. 337-351
Author(s):  
Sergey Pilyak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Main Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
Creative Understanding ◽  
Cultural Heritage Preservation

Interpretation of cultural values and cultural heritage is one of the most common types of their development and creative understanding. However, the concept of ‘interpretation’ remains blurred among related processes, usually without getting much mention. In the field of cultural heritage preservation, interpretation is the main method of human development of cultural heritage objects. The process and results of interpretation, as shown by the long history of preservation of cultural heritage, also affect the preservation of cultural heritage. The proposed material is devoted to the consideration of a museum as an example of one of the most consistent built spaces and tools for the interpretation of cultural heritage. The subject of the research is the methods of museum work considered in the context of mechanisms of interpretation of material cultural heritage. Museum as an instrument of interpretation has been known since ancient times. Human interest in ancient artifacts that act as visible symbols of historical and cultural memory of the past, eventually led to the development of collecting, and then, with the publication of collections, to the emergence of museums. Museum and its activities occupy a special place in the methodology of interpretation. The museum space can set its own special rhythm of historical time and create conditions for comfortable perception of the presented artifacts. No other cultural institution has such a task, and if it is necessary to present an artifact, interested persons in one way or another turn to the method tested on museum sites. As a result of the research, the author identified five stages of museum activities, which are generally typical for the mechanism of interpretation of cultural heritage. Therefore, the main goal of museum activities should be recognized as an interpretation of cultural heritage. In accordance with this goal, the museum's tasks are also implemented, including the preservation, publication and promotion of the collection's artifacts. Thus, the role and place of the museum as a specific space created for the purpose of interpreting cultural heritage is proved. These provisions allow us to look at the theory and practice of museum activities in a different way, in the context of interpreting cultural identity.

scholarly journals Preserving and documenting the Cultural Heritage

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Özkut
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Physical Context ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Definition Of

The phenomenon of preservation may be described as a physical process that depends onconceptual facts. When observed from a conceptual point of view, ‘values’ cause the divergencesin the preservation process, which could be named as the pre-requisites of the construction.Values carry emotional and physical points of view. The emotional context, of course, dependson recognizing and remembering while physical context depends on direction of research. They are indicators of cultural characteristics and historical identity. ‘Cultural values’1, more over, explains the meanings attributed to the cultural property, which meanings will be preserved, and the reasons for their preservation. On behalf of this context, the preservation process may be defined as the preservation of the cultural heritage within an effective system. This effective system isaimed at attaining the total quality as a result of a synthesis of the technology, technique, and material originally deployed with those of the present. Besides, one of the most important inputin the preservation process is the priorities of the intervention to be held, as the latter will determine the decisions and types of intervention during the implementation phase of the preservation project. As a significant paradox, the most important parameter that shapes both a preservationproject and its process appears to be the risks that consist of indefinite input preventing theproject from a proper definition of its context. Since all physical problems and the social statusof the cultural property to be preserved have direct impact upon the design process of thepreservation project, these priorities and the risks should be clarified in the course of pre-assessment phase at the beginning of the preservation process.

scholarly journals CONDUCTING AN EXAMINATION OF MUSIC LITERATURE IN THE INVESTIGATION OF OFFENSES RELATED TO ASSAULT ON CULTURAL VALUES

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
O. V. Narozhna
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Music Literature ◽  
Technical Examination ◽  
Legitimate Interests

The article discusses the issues arising in the investigation of criminal offenses on the example of illegal search work at an archaeological heritage site, destruction, destruction or damage to cultural heritage sites. Conducting certain types of examinations is disclosed as the activity of experts who possess knowledge of certain branches of science. The issues of carrying out a comprehensive forensic technical examination of documents and art criticism are highlighted. The main methods used by experts of the above types of expertise have been determined. It was emphasized that the most promising and expedient procedure for carrying out a comprehensive examination of music literature is to first conduct a technical examination of documents, which will allow restoring the lost fragments of both the material and the text of a musical work, taking into account the methods that will then be used by an art expert. Activities for pre-trial investigation of crimes that encroach on cultural heritage, cultural values, where the objects of examination are music literature, in particular, is a complex multifaceted and multifaceted process to perform the tasks of criminal justice. The specific nature of the investigation of these criminal offenses makes the issue of organizing examinations quite relevant. The multifaceted investigation of these offenses is reflected in its organization, in particular through the use of special art knowledge in procedural and non-procedural forms. The practical purpose of the organization is to determine the optimal direction and content of the investigation, optimize its purpose, forces and means necessary to achieve it, the correct placement of forces and the creation of appropriate conditions. The growing needs of modern society in the use of knowledge in the field of art history does not bypass the field of justice. Understanding the importance of special knowledge for establishing factual data gives grounds to consider forensic science as an independent institution for the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens, legal entities and the interests of the state as a whole.

scholarly journals Battling for Shared Culture Between Indonesia and Malaysia in The Social Media Era

Humaniora ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Liliek Adelina Suhardjono
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Cultural Conflicts ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Shared Culture ◽  
Traditional Performance

This is a research paper that takes as its central issue recent contestations and negotiations between Indonesia and Malaysia regarding certain forms of these countries’ intangible cultural heritage. In recent years, there has been an increasing incident in relation with cultural conflicts that happens between these two neighboring countries. These cultural conflicts specifically referred to the traditional performance arts, which has been hereditarily bequeathed by their respective ancestors. Despite the facts that both countries shared the same cultural roots, each side seems has a tendency to despise each other whenever the subject of culture ownership is being brought: both claim for the same cultural rights. Questions on which side is more entitled to the rights became public fierce debates; and it wildly happened especially in the online world through the medium of social networking platform. This paper examines the phenomenon on how should the ownership of authenticity be placed. And since it happens in the modern societies which cannot be separated from their digital personas, the role of social media is inexorably also be addressed. It will link the two identities of the public who is initially mere the audience of the performance then transform into the owner of the cultural product in dispute. This essay begins by a major length discussion about the concept of authenticity in culture, along with the ownership of intangible heritage, the motivation for claiming authenticity, and the protection of cultural property. It will then go on to the topic of the major changes brought by social media in the modern society. Subsequently it will continue to the state of cultural conflict between Indonesia and Malaysia over ‘stolen’ cultural heritage. 

Licit International Art Trade in Times of Armed Conflict?

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Thomas Fitschen
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Art Objects ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
Art Trade ◽  
The Law

The articles concerning a licit international trade in artistic and other cultural objects published recently in the first volume of the 1995 International Journal for Cultural Property address a great number of issues concerning current trends in the law governing the exportation, importation and transfer of ownership of cultural property. What is barely mentioned in these articles, however, is the problem of the trade in art objects originating from occupied territories in times of armed conflict.

Revitalization as the Principle of Architectural Heritage Protection – Case Study of Serbia and Russia

2015 ◽  
Vol 725-726 ◽  
pp. 1072-1078
Author(s):  
Milja Penić ◽  
Vera Murgul ◽  
Nikolay Vatin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Continuous Progress ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
The City ◽  
Innovative Techniques

This article elicits restoration experience regarding heritage-listed buildings in the cities of Nish (Serbia) and Saint-Petersburg (Russia). Protection of architectural heritage having cultural and historical value is increasingly gaining in importance in modern society so it is necessary to establish the principles of intervention, when and to what extent it is necessary or desirable. The principles applied in this field make continuous progress and there are new, innovative techniques that are the subject of this case study. Revitalization of Villa Zivkovic (Serbia, the city of Nish) offers an analysis of technically advanced and innovative approach to active protection in the context of sustainable development while preserving the potential cultural value of this important building, representing the movement of early Modern. The article also deals with existing standards for conservation of cultural heritage objects in Saint-Petersburg, (Russia). The structure of protection areas for cultural heritage of historically developed central districts of Saint-Petersburg is presented herein. The article presents assigned for imposing constraints on restoration activities with respect to historical buildings.

scholarly journals International legal foundations of responsibility for international crimes against cultural heritage in conditions of armed conflicts

Legal Ukraine ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Bazov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Community ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
The Hague

The article is devoted to the analysis of issues of international legal provision of responsibility for international crimes in the field of protection of cultural values. The main international legal acts and case law in this area are analyzed. Proposals for improving international and domestic legal acts are provided. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ideal of a free human person free from fear and need can only be realized if conditions are created in which everyone can enjoy their economic, social, cultural and political rights. Understanding the systemic nature of these rights implies the creation of appropriate conditions for their implementation at both national and international levels, including in the field of judicial protection. As the realization of economic, social, political and cultural rights is complex, systemic, the issues of preservation and protection of cultural values have recently become especially important, as it applies not only to the state in which they are located, but also to all peoples of the world. Thus, the preservation and protection of cultural heritage sites, especially in armed conflicts, is a matter not only of an individual state, but of the entire international community. As you know, issues of protection of cultural values are constantly in the field of view of the international community. In particular, these issues were reflected in the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, especially in the Hague Regulations of 1907. The most important international legal act on the preservation and treatment of cultural heritage sites in armed conflict is the Hague Convention of 14 May 1954 on the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its Additional Protocols of 1954 and 1999, respectively, which is perceived as a universally recognized universal set of norms in the field of protection of cultural values. Key words: international criminal court, cultural values, cultural heritage, international crimes.

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