scholarly journals Coeficiente del cultivo de Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. cv. INIAP-463 para periodos secos y lluviosos utilizando lisimetría de drenaje

2020 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Jesús Enrique Chavarría Párraga ◽  
Julio Cesar Ramírez-Caicedo ◽  
Jorge Isaac Zambrano-Kuffó ◽  
Richard Xavier Bravo-Ferrín ◽  
Luis Enrique Párraga-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Crop Coefficients

Coefficient of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. for dry and rainy periods in the Chone river valley Resumen El uso del agua en la agricultura es una actividad muy demandante a nivel mundial, por ello es necesario conocer la cantidad de agua que consumen los vegetales de interés agrícola. Se investigó el coeficiente del cultivo (Kc) de Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (cv. INIAP-463) para periodos secos y lluviosos de Chone, Manabí, Ecuador a través de lisimetría de drenaje. Se ejecutó en el año 2019, implementándose tres lisímetros de drenaje cerca de la estación climatológica M0162. La lámina de riego fue aplicada en base a la evapotranspiración de referencia diaria (ETo). Se realizó el cálculo del Kc para cada etapa fenológica del cultivo determinando el cociente entre la evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc) y ETo. El frejol presentó cuatro etapas según su consumo hídrico, reportando valores de Kc de 0,55; 0,92; 1,30 y 0,80 para el periodo seco y 0,45; 0,88; 1,28 y 0,75 para el periodo lluvioso. Las necesidades hídricas del frejol fueron 219,37 mm para el período seco y 237,82 mm para el período lluvioso durante 85 días que duró el ciclo del cultivo. Los valores de Kc y necesidades hídricas varían según las condiciones climáticas de las zonas en donde se desarrollen los cultivos. Palabras clave: evapotranspiración; lámina de drenaje; necesidades hídricas; riego; leguminosa. Abstract Water use in agriculture is a very demanding activity worldwide, therefore it is necessary to know the amount of water consumed by vegetables of agricultural interest. The crop coefficients (Kc) of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp was investigated. (cv. INIAP-463) for dry and rainy periods of Chone, Manabí, Ecuador through drainage lysymmetry. It was executed in 2019, implementing three drainage lysimeters near the M0162 weather station. The irrigation sheet was applied based on the daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo). Kc was calculated for each phenological stage of the crop by determining the quotient between the evapotranspiration of the crop (ETc) and ETo. The bean presented four stages according to its water consumption, reporting Kc values ​​of 0.55; 0.92; 1.30 and 0.80 for the dry period and 0.45; 0.88; 1.28 and 0.75 for the rainy season. The water needs of the beans were 219.37 mm for the dry period and 237.82 mm for the rainy period during the 85 days of the crop cycle. The Kc values ​​and water needs vary according to the climatic conditions of the areas where the crops are grown. Keywords: evapotranspiration; drainage sheet; irrigation; water needs; legume.

scholarly journals REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION THROUGH HARGREAVES METHOD USING THE SOLAR RADIATION ESTIMATION FOR GOIÁS STATE, BRAZIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 274-292
Author(s):  
Caio Vinicius Leite ◽  
Derblai Casaroli ◽  
Marcelo Rossi Vicente ◽  
Raphael Cessa Maia Aveiro ◽  
José Alves Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Calibration Coefficient ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Good Adherence ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Hargreaves Model ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Annual Period

This study evaluated the Hargreaves model (HG) with seasonal adjustments of the calibration coefficient (Krs) of the radiation equation to estimate the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in 23 weather stations in Goiás State, Brazil, in comparison to the Penman-Monteith FAO (PM-FAO) standard method. The models were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Willmott’s agreement index, relative error, absolute mean error and root mean square error. The Krs values ranged from 0.146 to 0.189 ° C-0.5, while ETo PM-FAO ranged from 3.68 to 4.79 mm d-1; ETo HG from 3.99 to 5.16 mm d-1 and ETo HG-Krs from 4.15 to 5.02 mm d-1 in the annual period. Seasonal adjustments resulted in values of 0.144 to 0.205 ° C-0.5 for the dry period, from April to September, and 0.144 to 0.146 ° C-0.5 for the rainy period, from October to March. The first quarter (summer), presented Krs values from 0.150 to 0.175 ° C-0.5; the second quarter (autumn), from 0.154 to 0.218 ° C-0.5; the third quarter (winter), from 0.139 to 0.206 ° C-0.5; and, finally, the fourth quarter (spring) of 0.141 to 0.166 ° C-0.5. Thus, the use of the seasonally adjusted model proved to be viable for the estimation of ETo, in view of the simplicity and its good adherence to the standard method.

scholarly journals Irrigation scheduling strategies for pepper based on evaporation and reference evapotranspiration

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (51) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Borivoj Pejić ◽  
Ivana Bajić ◽  
Ksenija Mačkić ◽  
Dušanka Bugarski ◽  
Slobodan Vlajić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Evapotranspiration Rate ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Novi Sad

The experiment with drip irrigated pepper was conducted at the Rimski Šančevi experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad in 2019. The irrigation was scheduled on the basis of the water balance method. Two methods were used to compute the daily evapotranspiration of pepper (ETd): reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and evaporation from an open water surface (Eo). Crop coefficients (kc) and corrective coefficients (k) were used to convert ETo and Eo values into ETd. Kc and k were 0.3-0.4, 0.6-0.7, 0.9-1.1, 0.8-0.9 and 0.4, 0.7, 1.0 and 0.8 for initial stage, crop development, mid season, and late season, respectively. ETo was calculated by the Hargreaves equation. Eo values were measured by a Class-A pan located at a meteorological station near the experimental plot. Irrigation started when readily available water (RAW) in the 0.3 m soil layer was completely absorbed by plants. Differences in crop yield (Y) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) obtained using Eo (42.58 t ha-1, 15.20 kg m-3) and ETo (40.78 t ha-1, 14.56 kg m-3) were not statistically different. Evapotranspiration rate was 364.2 mm and 337.3 mm in Eo and ETo variant, respectively. The fact that the differences in Y and IWUE between different calculations of ETd were not statistically significant indicates that both methods can be recommended for irrigation scheduling programs for pepper in the climatic conditions of the Vojvodina region. However, priority should be given to ETo due to the easy accessibility and reliability of data.

scholarly journals Influence of the bipartite scrotum on the testicular and scrotal temperatures in goats

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 797-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio A.N. Machado Júnior ◽  
Maria A. Miglino ◽  
Danilo J.A. Menezes ◽  
Antonio C. Assis Neto ◽  
Rudolf Leiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Portion ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Thermal Regulation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Length Group ◽  
Group I

The influence of the scrotal bipartition and of the year period on the scrotal-testicular thermal regulation was evaluated in male goats raised in Piaui State, Brazil. Eighteen male goats at mating age were accomplished in this study and arranged into three Groups (6 animals each) obeying the classification as goats presenting no scrotal bipartition (Group I), goats showing scrotal bipartition at 50% of the testicular length (Group II), and goats with more than 50% of scrotal bipartition (Group III). The scrotal, testicular and spermatic funiculi temperatures were evaluated invasively with the aid of a digital thermometer and non-invasive with a pyrometer in the proximal, medial and distal portion. The data were acquired during the dry (October-November) and rainy (February-March) period of the year, measured in two shifts: morning (6h00-7h00) and afternoon (14h00-15h00). The results were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA) following the SNK test for average comparison (p<0.05). The year period interfered on the scrotal-testicular thermal regulation, due to increased temperatures of the scrotal, testicular and spermatic funiculi during the dry period in comparison with the rainy period. The bipartition level was also a factor which contributed to the influence of scrotal-testicular temperature regulation, due to lower average scrotal-testicular temperature rates observed during both periods in the goats with higher levels of scrotal bipartition (>50%). It is possible to conclude that with the experimental conditions applied on this study, the level of scrotal bipartition and the climatic conditions interfere with the scrotal-testicular thermal regulation in goats.

scholarly journals Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of melon plants measured by lysimeter and estimated according to FAO 56 methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talyana K. de Melo ◽  
José F. de Medeiros ◽  
José E. Sobrinho ◽  
Vladimir B. Figueiredo ◽  
Paulo S. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
The City ◽  
Adequate Management ◽  
Monteith Equation ◽  
Statistical Indicators

Aiming at contributing to an adequate management of water resources, this study aimed to analyze and compare evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficients (Kc) of melon plants measured by a lysimeter and estimated according to the FAO 56 methodology, in the city of Mossoró, state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil. In order to measure ETc, weighing lysimeters with an area of 2.25m² were used, with two repetitions. The Penman-Monteith equation parameterized by FAO was used to estimate the reference evapotranspiration, and crop coefficients were those recommended in FAO-56 Bulletin adjusted to local climatic conditions. The required climatic data and lysimeter measurements were collected by an automatic weather station installed at the site. The results were compared by means of statistical indicators: of precision (r), of accuracy (d), and performance (c), in daily and weekly intervals. The data estimated by the FAO 56 methodology were adjusted optimally to the values measured by the lysimeters in accordance with index "c" in the two time scales assessed, indicating the potential of the method proposed by FAO to irrigation management in the climatic conditions of Agripole Assú-Mossoró.

scholarly journals Survival, growth and photosynthesis analysis of native forest species established in the tropical dry forest in Antioquia, Colombia

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 8751-8761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Isabel Bravo Baeza ◽  
Luis Fernando Osorio Vélez ◽  
Felipe Bravo Oviedo ◽  
Enrique Martínez Bustamante
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Rainy Period

The tropical dry forest (TDF) is one of the most affected ecosystems by anthropic activities in the world; so, it is necessary to study the dynamics of its ecosystem in order to restore it. With the aim of determining the survival, development, and photosynthetic behaviors of forest species at a young age, a field study was performed using three species Cedrela odorata L. (Spanish cedar), Pachira quinata (Jacq.) W.S. Alverson (red ceiba) and Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb. (balsa) species. Field data were collected in different periods whose climatic conditions were: dry period (S.0), first rainy period (Ll.1), first dry period (S.1), second rainy period (Ll. 2), and second dry period (S.2). The total height (H) and the root collar diameter (RCD) were measured repeatedly, and two harvests were made to measure dry weight. Besides, photosynthetic performance and its effect on the species development species during three contrasting rainfall periods was evaluated by measuring photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular carbon (Cint), net photosynthesis (NP), transpiration (trans), efficient water use (EWU) and efficient light use (ELU) from 8:00 and 17:00 h during the day. Analysis of variance was performed obtaining significant differences (P<0.05) in the interaction time×species regarding variables H and RCD, and the photosynthetic variable NP. The gs and trans variables showed statistical significance with the species and rainfall periods; Cint was significant only for the rainfall periods. The species O. pyramidale presented the best survival and tolerance to weather by adapting physiological mechanisms, while C. odorata was the most affected species by climatic conditions concerning overall survival.

Annual Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficients of Ligustrum japonica Growing in Three Container Sizes

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 512c-512
Author(s):  
R.C. Beeson
Keyword(s):  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Marketable Size

The objective of this study was to determine crop coefficients (KC) for Ligustrum japonica growing in three container sizes using the Penman equation to calculate reference evapotranspiration (ETR). Rooted cuttings were transplanted into 3-liter containers and upcanned as needed into 10- and 23-L containers. Production was scheduled such that a series of plants in each container size were about 2 months from commercial marketable size every 4 months. Beginning 1 Jan. 1995 until 31 Dec. 1996, three uniform plants of each size were suspended in weighing lysimeters and surrounded by similar size plants filling an area 3.7 by 4.9 m. Plants within each area were overhead irrigated at 2000 h as needed, based on a 30% moisture allowed deficit. Plants were exchanged every 4 months such that the annual mean size was that of a marketable plant. Actual evapotranspiration (ETA) was calculated from half-hour measurements of each plant's weight and adjusted for rainfall. From these and daily calculated ETR, KC were determined for each size of container. KCs ranged from 1.06 to 1.50 when ETA was converted to mm/day based on allocated bed space. Comparisons of volumes of supplemental irrigation to ETA and effects of assumptions required in converting ETA to mm/day will be discussed.

scholarly journals The Water Needs of Grapevines in Central Poland

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Barbara Jagosz ◽  
Stanisław Rolbiecki ◽  
Roman Rolbiecki ◽  
Ariel Łangowski ◽  
Hicran A. Sadan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Near Future

Climate warming increases the water needs of plants. The aim of this study was to estimate the water needs of grapevines in central Poland. Water needs were calculated using the crop coefficients method. Reference evapotranspiration was assessed by the Blaney–Criddle’s equation, modified for climate conditions in Poland. Crop coefficients were assumed according to the Doorenbos and Pruitt method. Water needs were calculated using the data from four meteorological stations. Rainfall deficit with the probability occurrence of normal years, medium dry years, and very dry years was determined by the Ostromęcki’s method. Water needs of grapevines during the average growing season were estimated at 438 mm. Upward time trend in the water needs both in the period of May–October and June–August was estimated. Temporal variability in the water needs was significant for all of the provinces. These changes were mainly impacted by a significant increasing tendency in mean air temperature and less by precipitation totals that did not show a clear changing tendency. Due to climate change, vineyards will require irrigation in the near future. The use of resource-efficient irrigation requires a precise estimate of the grapevines’ water needs. The study identified the water requirements for grapevines in central Poland.

scholarly journals Periphytic algae dynamics in lentic ecosystems in the Brazilian semiarid

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Cordeiro ◽  
J. E. L. Barbosa ◽  
G. Q. Lima Filho ◽  
L. G. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Algal Community ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Reduced Density

Abstract The hydrological periods drive the structure and organization of aquatic communities in semiarid regions. We hypothesize that a decrease of the precipitation during the dry period will favor the development of the periphytic algal community, leading to higher richness and density in this period. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the changes in the periphytic algal community structure in three shallow and eutrophic ecosystems of the Brazilian semiarid. The sampling was performed between 2007 and 2010 at two-mensal intervals. The sampling of periphytic algal was performed in aquatic macrophytes and rocks. The abiotic variables were analyzed simultaneously. Dominance in diatoms, cyanobacteria and chlorophytes, respectively, was observed in two periods. In the dry period, waters were alkaline and had high concentrations of nitrate and total phosphorus associated with the highest densities of Bacillariophyceae. In the rainy period the water was warmer, oxygenated and high concentrations of ammonia and soluble reactive phosphorus with diatoms remained dominant but with reduced density, while cyanobacteria and chlorophytes increased. Overall, periphytic algal community composition no responded to changes in the hydrological periods. However, the hydrological periods altered the dynamics of periphytic algal community, supported by the alternation of the most representative classes (diatoms and cyanobacteria) between the hydrologic periods. Our data suggest that the morphometric and chemical and physical characteristics of lentic aquatic ecosystems studied were more important in the dynamics of periphytic algal community than the hydrological periods and types of substrates.

scholarly journals Phytoplanktonic associations: a tool to understanding dominance events in a tropical Brazilian reservoir

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariadne do Nascimento Moura ◽  
Maria do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira ◽  
Ênio Wocyli Dantas ◽  
João Dias de Toledo Arruda Neto
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
State Index

The aim of this study was to characterize phytoplankton associations, as well as discuss controlling factors determining algal dominance in a eutrophic tropical reservoir, Mundaú, Pernambuco, Brazil. Water samples were collected during the dry period (January/2005) and the rainy period (June/2005). The samples were collected from both limnetic and littoral regions, and the phytoplankton assemblages identified from current literature after preservation in formaldehyde 4%. At the same time as sampling was done, in situ measurements of water temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, and pH were also taken. Total phosphorus, total nitrogen concentration and the Trophic State Index were subsequently determined in the laboratory. Phytoplankton density (ind. L-1) was estimated using an inverted Zeiss microscope. Grouping of the phytoplankton associations was carried out using the Reynolds phytosociological classification. During the dry period, reservoir water showed low dissolved oxygen concentrations, alkaline pH and was relatively turbid compared to the situation during the rainy season. Reservoir water is limited by nitrogen during both seasonal periods. The Trophic State Index is classified as determining eutrophic conditions. Phytoplankton was represented by 70 infrageneric taxa grouped in 16 functional associations, with the majority typical of eutrophic systems. This fact is supported by quantitative analysis, which shows the dominance of S associations comprising exclusively R-strategist cyanobacteria.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document