scholarly journals Survival, growth and photosynthesis analysis of native forest species established in the tropical dry forest in Antioquia, Colombia

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 8751-8761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Isabel Bravo Baeza ◽  
Luis Fernando Osorio Vélez ◽  
Felipe Bravo Oviedo ◽  
Enrique Martínez Bustamante
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Rainy Period

The tropical dry forest (TDF) is one of the most affected ecosystems by anthropic activities in the world; so, it is necessary to study the dynamics of its ecosystem in order to restore it. With the aim of determining the survival, development, and photosynthetic behaviors of forest species at a young age, a field study was performed using three species Cedrela odorata L. (Spanish cedar), Pachira quinata (Jacq.) W.S. Alverson (red ceiba) and Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb. (balsa) species. Field data were collected in different periods whose climatic conditions were: dry period (S.0), first rainy period (Ll.1), first dry period (S.1), second rainy period (Ll. 2), and second dry period (S.2). The total height (H) and the root collar diameter (RCD) were measured repeatedly, and two harvests were made to measure dry weight. Besides, photosynthetic performance and its effect on the species development species during three contrasting rainfall periods was evaluated by measuring photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular carbon (Cint), net photosynthesis (NP), transpiration (trans), efficient water use (EWU) and efficient light use (ELU) from 8:00 and 17:00 h during the day. Analysis of variance was performed obtaining significant differences (P<0.05) in the interaction time×species regarding variables H and RCD, and the photosynthetic variable NP. The gs and trans variables showed statistical significance with the species and rainfall periods; Cint was significant only for the rainfall periods. The species O. pyramidale presented the best survival and tolerance to weather by adapting physiological mechanisms, while C. odorata was the most affected species by climatic conditions concerning overall survival.

scholarly journals Seedling Survival and Growth of Tree Species: Site Condition and Seasonality in Tropical Dry Forest Restoration

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA ALVAREZ-AQUINO ◽  
GUADALUPE WILLIAMS-LINERA
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Tabebuia Rosea ◽  
Dry Forest Restoration ◽  
Ceiba Aesculifolia

La restauración del bosque tropical seco es prioritaria por ser el bosque más amenazado. En Veracruz, el bosque seco se ha reducido al 7% de su cobertura original. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar el efecto de la condición del sitio a restaurar y la estacionalidad en la supervivencia y tasa de crecimiento relativo en altura y diámetro de especies de árboles nativos. Estudiamos el desempeño de plántulas durante dos estaciones secas y dos lluviosas, y el efecto de la vegetación leñosa existente &gt; 1 m de altura. Se trasplantaron 960 plantas: 40 individuos de seis especie (Cedrela odorata, Ceiba aesculifolia, Guazuma ulmifolia, Ipomoea wolcottiana, Luehea candida, Tabebuia rosea) en cuatro sitios abandonados. La supervivencia y la tasa de crecimiento relativo se registraron cada cuatro meses durante dos años. La mayor supervivencia se observó en sitios con mayor riqueza de especies arbóreas y la tasa de crecimiento relativo en altura estuvo positivamente correlacionada con la altura de la vegetación existente. La mayor tasa de crecimiento relativo para especies y sitios se registró durante la estación lluviosa. En el sitio con menos vegetación, el desempeño de las plántulas fue pobre y sólo Guazuma sobrevivió. Ceiba mostró la mayor supervivencia (82-90%) pero una tasa de crecimiento relativo baja; Guazuma presentó una supervivencia elevada (20-94%) y la mayor tasa de crecimiento relativo; Cedrela mostró la menor supervivencia (3-7%) y tasa de crecimiento relativo alta. Los resultados sugieren que la vegetación del sitio, la estacionalidad y las especies afectan el desempeño de las plántulas durante el establecimiento temprano. La implicación en términos de la restauración ecológica es la importancia de aprovechar la vegetación existente aunque ésta sea escasa.

Ecology of seed and seedling growth for conservation and restoration of tropical dry forest : a review

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Khurana ◽  
J.S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Ecological Requirements

Dry forests are among the most threatened ecosystems and have been extensively converted into grasslands, secondary forest, savanna or agricultural land. Knowledge of seed germination and seedling establishment is required for the success of efforts on restoration of these forests. This review focuses on the ecological requirements at seed and seedling stages, and collates the current knowledge of seed viability, dormancy, germination pattern and seedling behaviour of dry tropical tree species. The spatio-temporal variations within the tropical dry forest biome in soil moisture, light, temperature, nutrients and intensity of predation, significantly affect the seed and seedling traits of component species. The majority of dry tropical species possess orthodox seeds which are characterized by dormancy, while a few have recalcitrant seeds which possess little or no dormancy. Seed coat dormancy, which can be overcome by mechanical or acid scarification or sometimes by transit through animal guts, is most prevalent in the dry tropical forest species. Persistent species dominating the undisturbed portions of the forest have bigger seeds compared to those that mostly occur in disturbed regions and require shade for the survival of their seedlings. Shade demand is associated with drought endurance, and may be absolute in species such as Guettarda parviflora and Coccoloba microstachya, or facultative as in Plumeria alba and Bursera simaruba. The fluctuation in temperature significantly affects seed germination in several species of dry Afromontane forest trees of Ethiopia. Seedling mortality is primarily a function of moisture stress during the dry period. Adaptive responses of seedlings to drought stress include increased chlorophyll content, for example in Acacia catechu, and root biomass, as in several dry forest species (for example Drypetes parvifolia, Teclia verdoornia) of Ghana. Mulching, application of fertilizers, interplanting of leguminous species and mycorrhizal inoculation are useful tools for promoting seedling establishment in nutrient-poor dry tropical soils. Periodic forest fires, and predation affect recruitment and seedling development according to their intensity. Many species experiencing frequent fires have evolved thick seed coats, produce fire-hardy seedlings, or escape the effect by temporal separation of seed dispersal and fire events. Predation may result in abortion of fruits or may enhance germination and recruitment by scarification and dispersal, as in most species of the Guanacaste dry forest. Exposure to elevated CO2 has increased relative growth rate, total leaf area and water use efficiency in most of the dry tropical seedlings tested, but the magnitude of the effect has varied markedly among species. Due to the availability of a large source of energy, large seeds show higher germination percentage, greater seedling survival and increased growth. Seeds originating from different provenances exhibit differences in germination and seedling growth (for example Prosopis cineraria, Albizia lebbeck, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Acacia mangium), efficiency of nodulation (for example Acacia nilotica, A. auriculiformis), and stress resistance (for example Populus deltoides, Dalbergia sissoo). The review points out the need for coordinated, long-term, field-based studies for identification of multiple cues and niches for germination, on seed and seedling dynamics in response to fire, and on within-species genetic variability for selection of suitable provenances. Field-based studies at species and community levels are also needed to permit manipulations of biotic components to augment the recruitment of desired species and to suppress that of undesirable species.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of Triplaris gardneriana Wedd. seedlings (Polygonaceae) under intermittent drought

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizamar Ciríaco Da Silva ◽  
José Roberto Vieira Aragão ◽  
Iére Barros Bispo ◽  
Islayne da Cruz Menezes ◽  
Hugo Henrique Costa Do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Water Suppression ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Riparian Tree ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Plastic Changes ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Lower Plant

Triplaris gardneriana Wedd is a deciduous riparian tree occurring in areas with different climatic conditions in Brazil, from the rainforest to the tropical dry forest. An increase in global temperature and drought events can change the growth pattern and establishment of the species. To evaluate the effects of intermittent drought on the growth of T. gardneriana seedlings, an experiment was performed using seedlings with one month old subjected to three water treatments (daily irrigation as control, and intermittent drought through cycles of water suppression of seven (S7) and 14 days-intervals (S14) between watering. Growth, biomass production and partitioning, relative water content (RWC), the accumulation of organic solutes, protoplasmic integrity and phenotypic plasticity index (PPI) were evaluated for a better understanding about its drought tolerance level. Intermittent drought severely affected plants growth in S14 plants, showing lower plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and dry biomass. RWC was reduced, while carbohydrates and proline contents increased in response to drought stress. Protoplasmic damage increased electrolyte leakage in plants subjected to severe stress. However, T. garderiana demonstrated moderate tolerance to water deficit. The plastic changes observed were more physiological than morphological.  Therefore, T. gardneriana seems to be a moderately tolerant species to intermittent drought.

scholarly journals Coeficiente del cultivo de Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. cv. INIAP-463 para periodos secos y lluviosos utilizando lisimetría de drenaje

2020 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Jesús Enrique Chavarría Párraga ◽  
Julio Cesar Ramírez-Caicedo ◽  
Jorge Isaac Zambrano-Kuffó ◽  
Richard Xavier Bravo-Ferrín ◽  
Luis Enrique Párraga-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Crop Coefficients

Coefficient of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. for dry and rainy periods in the Chone river valley Resumen El uso del agua en la agricultura es una actividad muy demandante a nivel mundial, por ello es necesario conocer la cantidad de agua que consumen los vegetales de interés agrícola. Se investigó el coeficiente del cultivo (Kc) de Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (cv. INIAP-463) para periodos secos y lluviosos de Chone, Manabí, Ecuador a través de lisimetría de drenaje. Se ejecutó en el año 2019, implementándose tres lisímetros de drenaje cerca de la estación climatológica M0162. La lámina de riego fue aplicada en base a la evapotranspiración de referencia diaria (ETo). Se realizó el cálculo del Kc para cada etapa fenológica del cultivo determinando el cociente entre la evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc) y ETo. El frejol presentó cuatro etapas según su consumo hídrico, reportando valores de Kc de 0,55; 0,92; 1,30 y 0,80 para el periodo seco y 0,45; 0,88; 1,28 y 0,75 para el periodo lluvioso. Las necesidades hídricas del frejol fueron 219,37 mm para el período seco y 237,82 mm para el período lluvioso durante 85 días que duró el ciclo del cultivo. Los valores de Kc y necesidades hídricas varían según las condiciones climáticas de las zonas en donde se desarrollen los cultivos. Palabras clave: evapotranspiración; lámina de drenaje; necesidades hídricas; riego; leguminosa. Abstract Water use in agriculture is a very demanding activity worldwide, therefore it is necessary to know the amount of water consumed by vegetables of agricultural interest. The crop coefficients (Kc) of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp was investigated. (cv. INIAP-463) for dry and rainy periods of Chone, Manabí, Ecuador through drainage lysymmetry. It was executed in 2019, implementing three drainage lysimeters near the M0162 weather station. The irrigation sheet was applied based on the daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo). Kc was calculated for each phenological stage of the crop by determining the quotient between the evapotranspiration of the crop (ETc) and ETo. The bean presented four stages according to its water consumption, reporting Kc values ​​of 0.55; 0.92; 1.30 and 0.80 for the dry period and 0.45; 0.88; 1.28 and 0.75 for the rainy season. The water needs of the beans were 219.37 mm for the dry period and 237.82 mm for the rainy period during the 85 days of the crop cycle. The Kc values ​​and water needs vary according to the climatic conditions of the areas where the crops are grown. Keywords: evapotranspiration; drainage sheet; irrigation; water needs; legume.

scholarly journals Influence of the bipartite scrotum on the testicular and scrotal temperatures in goats

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 797-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio A.N. Machado Júnior ◽  
Maria A. Miglino ◽  
Danilo J.A. Menezes ◽  
Antonio C. Assis Neto ◽  
Rudolf Leiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Portion ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Thermal Regulation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Length Group ◽  
Group I

The influence of the scrotal bipartition and of the year period on the scrotal-testicular thermal regulation was evaluated in male goats raised in Piaui State, Brazil. Eighteen male goats at mating age were accomplished in this study and arranged into three Groups (6 animals each) obeying the classification as goats presenting no scrotal bipartition (Group I), goats showing scrotal bipartition at 50% of the testicular length (Group II), and goats with more than 50% of scrotal bipartition (Group III). The scrotal, testicular and spermatic funiculi temperatures were evaluated invasively with the aid of a digital thermometer and non-invasive with a pyrometer in the proximal, medial and distal portion. The data were acquired during the dry (October-November) and rainy (February-March) period of the year, measured in two shifts: morning (6h00-7h00) and afternoon (14h00-15h00). The results were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA) following the SNK test for average comparison (p<0.05). The year period interfered on the scrotal-testicular thermal regulation, due to increased temperatures of the scrotal, testicular and spermatic funiculi during the dry period in comparison with the rainy period. The bipartition level was also a factor which contributed to the influence of scrotal-testicular temperature regulation, due to lower average scrotal-testicular temperature rates observed during both periods in the goats with higher levels of scrotal bipartition (>50%). It is possible to conclude that with the experimental conditions applied on this study, the level of scrotal bipartition and the climatic conditions interfere with the scrotal-testicular thermal regulation in goats.

scholarly journals Flowering phenology, growth forms, and pollination syndromes in tropical dry forest species: Influence of phylogeny and abiotic factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cortés-Flores ◽  
Karen Beatriz Hernández-Esquivel ◽  
Antonio González-Rodríguez ◽  
Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Pollination Syndromes

Traits and trade-offs of wood anatomy between trunks and branches in tropical dry forest species

Trees ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esperanza Pulido-Rodríguez ◽  
René López-Camacho ◽  
Juliana Tórres ◽  
Eduard Velasco ◽  
Beatriz Salgado-Negret
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Trade Offs
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