Soundscape restoration model based on psycho-physiological response with audio-visual interaction in natural environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. 3035-3043
Author(s):  
Hyun In Jo ◽  
Jin Yong Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Visual Interaction ◽  
Restoration Model

In this study, a soundscape restoration model was proposed in terms of audio-visual interaction based on psycho-physiological response by natural soundscape experience. To this end, audio-visual stimuli were collected in 6 sites of 2 types of natural environment (greenery and water) and 3 sites of urban environment (as control), and a laboratory evaluation environment was implemented using virtual reality technology. Sixty subjects participated in the experiment for two days, and the individual's health status, personality and temperament, and sensitivity were investigated before the evaluation. In the experiment on the first day, a stress test (mental arithmetic) was performed before the stimulation experience, and questionnaires related to psychological recovery was answered after the stimulation experience. In all the experimental procedures, physiological responses such as heart rate, electroencephalogram (EEG), and eye-tracking were measured so that before/during/after response from experience could be compared. In the experiment on the second day, they were asked to respond to a questionnaire related to the soundscape and landscape of environment. Finally, the relationship between the audio-visual environment (soundscape and landscape perception) and the psycho-physiological response was investigated using structural equation model, and based on this, design guidelines for healthy urban city were proposed.

scholarly journals Does a National Park Enhance the Environment-Friendliness of Tourists as an Ecotourism Destination?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8321
Author(s):  
Eunseong Jeong ◽  
Taesoo Lee ◽  
Alan Dixon Brown ◽  
Sara Choi ◽  
Minyoung Son
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
National Park ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
The Relationship

Governments have designated national parks to protect the natural environment against ecosystem destruction and improve individuals’ emotional and recreational life. National parks enhance environment-friendly awareness by conducting ecotourism activities and individuals with environment-friendly awareness are inclined to continue to visit national parks as ecotourism destinations. The New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) is a widely used measure of environmental concern, suitable for measuring the environment-friendly attitude and revisit intention of visitors of national parks. Therefore, the study carried out structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the relationship between the NEP, national park conservation consciousness and environment-friendly behavioral intention. Based on the results, an implication is presented to induce national parks to cultivate individual environment-friendly awareness and for visitors to pursue sustainable, environment-friendly tourism behavior. The findings indicate that national parks are to expand educational programs and facilities for eco-tourists visiting national parks to maintain a balanced relationship between themselves and nature and have a strong environmental awareness to preserve the natural environment.

80. Reproducibility of the mental arithmetic stress test

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. S455
Author(s):  
Sverker Jern ◽  
M. Pilhall ◽  
C. Jern
Keyword(s):  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Stress Test

scholarly journals Beta-adrenergic Modulation of Cognitive Flexibility during Stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica K. Alexander ◽  
Ashleigh Hillier ◽  
Ryan M. Smith ◽  
Madalina E. Tivarus ◽  
David Q. Beversdorf
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Locus Ceruleus ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Remote Associates Test

Stress-induced activation of the locus ceruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system produces significant cognitive and behavioral effects, including enhanced arousal and attention. Improvements in discrimination task performance and memory have been attributed to this stress response. In contrast, for other cognitive functions that require cognitive flexibility, increased activity of the LC-NE system may produce deleterious effects. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of pharmacological modulation of the LC-NE system on stress-induced impairments in cognitive flexibility performance in healthy individuals. Cognitive performance, plus psychological and physiological parameters for 16 adults without any history of anxiety disorders, was assessed during four test sessions: stress and no-stress, with each condition tested after administration of propranolol and placebo. The Trier Social Stress Test, a public-speaking and mental arithmetic stressor, was presented to participants for the stress sessions, whereas a similar, but nonstressful, control task (reading, counting) was utilized for the no-stress sessions. Tests of cognitive flexibility included lexical-semantic and associative problem-solving tasks (anagrams, Compound Remote Associates Test). Visuo-spatial memory and motor processing speed tests served as control tasks. Results indicate that (1) stress impaired performance on cognitive flexibility tasks, but not control tasks; (2) compared to placebo, cognitive flexibility improved during stress with propranolol. Therefore, psychological stress, such as public speaking, negatively impacts performance on tasks requiring cognitive flexibility in normal individuals, and this effect is reversed by beta-adrenergic antagonism. This may provide support for the hypothesis that stress-related impairments in cognitive flexibility are related to the noradrenergic system.

How perceptions of firm environmental and social values influence frontline employee outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 999-1011
Author(s):  
Colin B. Gabler ◽  
V. Myles Landers ◽  
Adam Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Frontline Employees ◽  
Employee Outcomes ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Environmental Orientation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Good

Purpose More than ever, consideration of the natural environment and social welfare are values that firms must signal to their stakeholders. One way to do this is by adopting an environmental orientation (EO) and pro-social organizational identity (PSOI). The purpose of this paper is to examine how frontline employees (FLEs) respond to these firm-level values through four outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Polynomial structural equation modeling with response surface analysis was implemented on FLEs survey data to uncover how different levels of EO and PSOI impact sales performance, word-of-mouth, turnover intent and job satisfaction. Findings Both firm-level values have a positive and direct effect on all four outcomes. However, each imposes a boundary condition as well. Specifically, salespeople perform better when their firm has a stronger EO, but they are happier in their work, less likely to quit and more likely to spread positive word-of-mouth when PSOI is stronger. Practical implications The results suggest that perceptions of a firm-level EO or PSOI enhance employee-level outcomes. Signaling to employees that your firm cares about the natural environment and the greater social good positively influences employee outcomes, but optimization of each outcome depends on the strength of those values. Originality/value This research answers two specific research calls. First, it applies signaling theory to the workplace context, positioning FLEs as the receivers and feedback mechanisms of firm-level signals. Second, using too-much-of-a-good-thing logic, it uncovers boundary conditions imposed by social and environmental constructs on frontline outcomes.

Survey of State Practices to Control Skid Resistance on Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete Pavements

1996 ◽  
Vol 1536 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Jayawickrama ◽  
R. Prasanna ◽  
S. P. Senadheera
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Design Procedures

A nationwide survey on design methods for achieving adequate skid resistance on hot-mix asphalt concrete pavements was conducted. Information was collected on the design practices used by 48 state departments of transportation (DOTs) in the contiguous United States. Survey findings show that the emphasis placed on the skid resistance aspects in various state DOT design procedures vary considerably. Based on the data collected, 21 out of 48 state highway agencies either do not have any design guidelines specifically addressing pavement skid behavior or assume that adequate skid resistance may be ensured through proper mix design. The general approach used by these agencies involves frequent monitoring of pavements to identify pavements with skid-related problems so that appropriate action may be taken. Survey findings indicated that state DOTs that consider skid resistance in their design procedures emphasize controlling the quality of coarse aggregates used in pavement surface course construction. The procedures used for aggregate qualification, however, vary significantly from one state agency to another. Some state DOTs rely on simple aggregate classification methods based on aggregate type, whereas others perform detailed laboratory evaluation. The laboratory test procedures that are most commonly used in evaluating aggregate frictional properties are the polish value test, acid insoluble residue test, and petrographic analysis. In addition to laboratory testing, Florida, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and Texas use alternative procedures to qualify aggregates based on their field skid performance.

scholarly journals Laneway redevelopment programs : a case study review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Marie Oldhall
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
North America ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
The City

The revitalization of formerly dark, dirty and often uninviting urban spaces is occurring across many cities throughout North America. This is because the hundreds of kilometers of laneways located behind buildings to be viewed as significant semi-public spaces and are being redeveloped into active spaces that can play a role in improving the state of the natural environment. The City of Toronto has a vast laneway system that is not being utilized to its full potential. This report attempts to demonstrate this point and suggests that there is an opportunity for recreating these laneways into vibrant spaces that support the natural environment while maintaining their primary functions as light vehicular thoroughfares and access points for homes and businesses. Through the examination of nine laneway redevelopment programs and projects this report highlights the successful techniques being implemented within these laneways and emphasizes the significant lessons that can be learned. Finally, each lesson learned is review, and recommendations are given on how the City of Toronto can potentially address each point if attempting to implement its own laneway redevelopment program. Among a host of recommendations, this includes the need to promote laneway redevelopment through a change to the City's existing land use planning policies; the development of laneway design guidelines; and, the implementation of a dynamic funding system.

scholarly journals Mitigating Initial Orthostatic Hypotension: Mechanistic Roles of Muscle Contraction Versus Sympathetic Activation

Hypertension ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasia Sheikh ◽  
Aaron A. Phillips ◽  
Shaun Ranada ◽  
Matthew Lloyd ◽  
Karolina Kogut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Involuntary Muscle ◽  
Initial Orthostatic Hypotension

Background: Initial orthostatic hypotension (IOH) is defined by a large drop in blood pressure (BP) within 15 s of standing. IOH often presents during an active stand, but not with a passive tilt, suggesting that a muscle activation reflex involving lower body muscles plays an important role. To our knowledge, there is no literature exploring how sympathetic activation affects IOH. We hypothesized involuntary muscle contractions before standing would significantly reduce the drop in BP seen in IOH while increasing sympathetic activity would not. Methods: Study participants performed 4 sit-to-stand maneuvers including a mental stress test (serial 7 mental arithmetic stress test), cold pressor test, electrical stimulation, and no intervention. Continuous heart rate and beat-to-beat BP were measured. Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance were estimated from these waveforms. Data are presented as mean±SD. Results: A total of 23 female IOH participants (31±8 years) completed the study. The drops in systolic BP following the serial 7 mental arithmetic stress test (−26±12 mm Hg; P =0.004), cold pressor test (−20±15 mm Hg; P <0.001), and electrical stimulation (−28±12 mm Hg; P =0.01) were significantly reduced compared with no intervention (−34±11 mm Hg). The drops in systemic vascular resistance following the serial 7 mental arithmetic stress test (−391±206 dyne×s/cm 5 ; P =0.006) and cold pressor test (−386±179 dyne×s/cm 5 ; P =0.011) were significantly reduced compared with no intervention (−488±173 dyne×s/cm 5 ). Cardiac output was significantly increased upon standing (7±2 L/min) compared with during the sit (6±1 L/min; P <0.001) for electrical stimulation. Conclusion: Sympathetic activation mitigates the BP response in IOH, while involuntary muscle contraction mitigates the BP response and reduces symptoms. Active muscle contractions may induce both of these mechanisms of action in their pretreatment of IOH. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03970551.

scholarly journals The effect of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model variables on Orthorexia Nervosa behaviors of pregnant women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşe Taştekin Ouyaba ◽  
Pınar Çiçekoğlu Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Skills

Abstract Purpose This study aims to test the effect of the components of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model on Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) behavior of pregnant women and health outcomes using a hypothetical model. Methods The study is cross-sectional research and was carried out with 350 pregnant women who had the Non-Stress Test in the obstetrics outpatient clinic of a university hospital. The participants were selected using the convenience sampling method. The data were collected with a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the structural equation model.Results It was found that 26.6% of pregnant women had an ON tendency. Higher levels of information on healthy eating cause more ON behaviors (β=-0.25, p<.001). The higher motivation for healthy eating (β=0.71, p<.001) and a higher tendency to ON behaviors (β=-0.18, p=.001) are associated with better health outcomes.Conclusion Our findings show that high levels of information and motivation about healthy eating affect ON tendency and health outcomes. The findings are significant in that they lead and guide the interventions for the detection, prevention, and treatment of ON during pregnancy.Level of Evidence: Level V, cross-sectional study

80. Reproducibility of the mental arithmetic stress test

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. S455
Author(s):  
Sverker Jern ◽  
M. Pilhall ◽  
C. Jern
Keyword(s):  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Stress Test
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