A scoping review of the role of GPs in the management of obesity

BackgroundGPs are caring for more adults with obesity. Research in primary health care has provided insight on the components of effective interventions. However, the most appropriate and effective role for GPs in these interventions remains unclear.AimA scoping review was undertaken to examine the literature for descriptions of the role of the GP in managing adults who are overweight or have obesity in: primary research interventions, guidelines, and the role expectations expressed by opinion leaders.MethodBlack and grey literature were searched based on the terms ‘obesity’, ‘doctor’ and ‘primary care’. A customised data extraction tool was used to identify the specific role of GPs and the explicit use of general practice values, including whole person care and person-centred care.Results282 articles were reviewed in full, with a majority of the interventions originating in the US. Poor description of the involvement of healthcare professionals made it difficult to determine if GPs had been involved. When described, GPs were rarely actively involved. Most guidelines explicitly name GPs in obesity management and suggest wide ranging roles for them. Opinions from experts on GP involvement have become more positive in recent years.ConclusionGPs are minimally involved in obesity interventions in primary care research, but are promoted in obesity guidelines as essential to patient care. There is a need for an international standard on how to accurately describe which healthcare professionals were involved in intervention delivery and their specific role.