scholarly journals HUMAN BEING AS THE BEARER OF IDENTIFYING BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Кotliarenko ◽  
А. Коfanov ◽  
O. Коfаnоvа ◽  
V. Zherebak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Genetic Examination

In forensic practice, biological traces of a person are very often used as material evidence - blood, hair, saliva, semen, urine, sweat, as well as parts of organs and tissues. Establishing the origin of these traces from a specific person is very important for the investigation of criminal offenses. The current level of development of molecular genetic research indicates the need to use DNA analysis in the detection and investigation of criminal offenses against a person. Today, molecular genetic identification reveal reliable prospects for solving identification problems in the criminal proceedings and developing the evidence base, and also has a number of advantages over traditional serological methods for studying human biological traces. It should be noted that along with the traditional method of nuclear DNA research, mitochondrial DNA research is also being carried out, which allows solving the problem of molecular genetic examination to establish biological affinity. The value of this method lies in its effectiveness in the study of a small amount of degraded DNA, secretions and heavily damaged objects, the study of which is impossible by traditional methods. When performing a forensic molecular genetic examination for the full identification of the detected traces when examining the places of committed criminal offenses, comparative samples are important, as well as the selection of appropriate biological samples to establish paternity and family ties. Molecular genetic analysis of DNA is only one of the stages of identification, and in order to arrive at the final result, a statistical analysis of the data obtained is necessary, which is especially important when the genotypes of the criminal and the suspect in mixed tracks coincide. For a probable-statistical assessment of the results of the identification significance of the set of established genetic traits, the frequencies of the distribution of the studied alleles in the population are required. Today, the DNA analysis method has become one of the most demanded directions in the development of forensic examinations, and its results are quite reliable evidence of the involvement of a specific person in a crime. Due to its unique capabilities, molecular genetic analysis of DNA is a powerful tool in the investigation of criminal proceedings.

scholarly journals TOPICALITY OF FORENSIC MOLECULAR GENETIC EXAMINATION AND ISSUES REGARDING ITS PERFORMING

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
V. V. Topchiy
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Genetic Examination

Modern progress in forensic molecular genetic examination allow to obtain information about a particular person using traces variety of biological origin especially while committing grave crimes against human life and health, that are usually found at the scene and belong to a human body. A significant advantage of this method under crime investigation is precisely the safe exclusion of suspected persons not involved in the commission of a crime, in identifying those who committed a crime with a high probability level. At the present stage of forensic molecular genetic examination development there are significant gaps in legislation that are solved by adopting relevant normative and legal acts and improving existing ones. Effective method for of DNA analysis development is the creation of appropriate bases of genetic features of a person. However, the legislative consolidation of this process should take place in the context of respecting and protecting personal rights. However, terms of performing molecular genetic examination significantly exceed the terms of pre-trial investigation. This problem can be solved by expanding network of laboratories that perform such examination. Despite presence of a small number of problems, it is possible to affirm that DNA analysis is the most effective and reliable of all known methods of person identification at the present stage. At present, expert molecular genetic analysis develops not only as a section of molecular genetic research but also as a complete element of criminalistic knowledge that is aimed at investigating and disclosing crimes. Therefore, implementation of molecular genetic research methods into the practice of law enforcement agencies in Ukraine will significantly increase investigation effectiveness of many serious crimes against person.

scholarly journals Forensic Molecular-Genetic Analysis of Objects of Biological Origin – a New Direction of Forensic Activity of the Russian Ministry of Justice

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
S. A. Smirnova ◽  
G. G. Omel’yanyuk ◽  
I. V. Storozhenko ◽  
A. A. Rybakova ◽  
V. V. Gulevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Forensic Dna Analysis ◽  
Forensic Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plant Biomaterials

The article addresses the importance and basic preconditions for the forming a new direction of forensic activity in the system of forensic institutions of the Russian Ministry of Justice a new direction of forensic activity - molecular-genetic analysis of the objects of biological origin. The authors present the advantages of DNA analysis - one of the most modern and efficient methods in investigating criminal cases. The article also demonstrates the potential of different methods of DNA-analysis for forensic investigations. The history of forensic DNA-analysis development in Russia and its features when examining the human, animal, and plant biomaterials are briefly discussed. The authors propose the definitions for the molecular-genetic examinations’ object and subject, formulate the model tasks, and suggest a list of sample questions for this study.

The genetic analysis of growth and body composition in the mouse as a livestock model

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 239-239
Author(s):  
W. G. Hill ◽  
L. Bünger
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Farm Livestock ◽  
Human Genetic Research

The similarities between the mouse and farm livestock at the genetic and functional level make it a useful model for farm livestock breeding and indeed for human genetic research, taking the opportunities presented by its short generation interval, the development of inbred lines, and the ability to do gene knock-outs. Genetic similarities apply both at the molecular level, in gene structure and sequence, and at the quantitative level, for example genetic parameters of growth. We discuss here what can be learnt about the action and interaction of genes that influence traits of growth and body composition and contribute to genetic changes in them from work on the mouse, concentrating particularly on candidate genes and experiments conducted in our laboratory. As a resource we have developed highly divergent selection lines for growth, body composition and food intake, brought together lines of mice selected for growth from around the world, and inbred them both for stability and to facilitate their use for molecular genetic analysis. These lines differ greatly as a consequence of selection not only in growth and degree of fatness, but also in efficiency, as assessed by food intake corrected for body weight.

DNA-analysis of genotypes of the genus Fragaria l. For anthracnose resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
A. S. Lyzhin ◽  
I. V. Luk’yanchuk ◽  
E. V. Zhbanova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Anthracnose Resistance

The results of the molecular genetic analysis of strawberry genotypes for the Rca2 anthracnose resistance gene were shown. The marker STS-Rca2_240 linked to Rca2 gene was identified in the strawberry varieties Elianny and Laetitia (the putative genotype is Rca2Rca2 or Rca2rca2). In the remaining studied genotypes of the genus Fragaria L. the marker STS-Rca2_240 was not detected (the putative genotype is rca2rca2).

scholarly journals Molecular-Genetic Identification and Analysis of Pinus sylvestris L. Populations in Kirov Oblast and Perm Krai

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
E. Nassonova ◽  
Yu. Vasileva ◽  
Ya. Prishnivskaya ◽  
A. Zhulanov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Kirov Oblast ◽  
Perm Krai ◽  
Molecular Genetic Identification

Molecular–genetic analysis and identification of 5 Pinus sylvestris L. hauls, collected in Kirov oblast and Perm krai was provided. Molecular–genetic analysis was provided with using ISSR–method of DNA polymorphism analysis. In 5 researched hauls of P. sylvestris 126 ISSR–markers were identified, 122 (P95=0.968) were polymorphic. Molecular–genetic identification of researched P. sylvestris populations was provided and molecular–genetic formulas and bar–codes were made. Identification ISSR–markers were identified. Genetic structure and differentiation analysis of P. sylvestris showed that hauls were distributed in three genetic populations.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF A PERSON BY THE DNA OF THE PULP OF THE TOOTH

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
S. V. Syrak ◽  
I. A. Gatilo ◽  
Yu. S. Mazevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Tooth Pulp ◽  
Bone Powder ◽  
Tooth Number ◽  
Genetic Examination ◽  
Relationship Of

Aim. The study was designed for conducting a molecular genetic analysis of DNA of the tooth pulp and establishing the genetic relationship of the child and the parent.Materials and methods. The tooth number 16 of the claimed father was provided for the DNA extraction. Saliva samples and DNA preparations of the prospective daughter were obtained for the study. In the course of the research, the M-sorbbone reagent kit was used to isolate DNA from the bone powder.Results. The conducted studies have shown that the DNA preparations isolated from a tooth and the N sample of saliva have the following genotypic allelic combinations. It was established that for each of the studied STP systems in the genome of the claimed father an allele is found, which formally coincides with the allele of conditionally paternal (nonmaternal) origin in the child’s genome.Conclusion. As shown by the results of the study, the only carrier of DNA in a forensic medical molecular genetic examination, in this case, was a tooth, namely, pulp, which was protected by the durable tissues – dentin and enamel. The uniqueness of this case lies in the fact that it is the pulp that is the only tissue that retains the genetic information making it possible to state the high probability of the claimed relationship of the father and the child.

GENETIC CERTIFICATION OF FODDER CROPS BREEDING ACHIEVEMENTS

1970 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
V. M. Kosolapov ◽  
N. N. Kozlov ◽  
I. А. Klimenko ◽  
V. N. Zolotarev
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Prospects Of Application

The methods of genetic identification of forage crops varieties and forms have significant scientific and practical importance in breeding and seed multiplication, in protection of author’s rights. At the current moment molecular markers on the base of DNA-polymorphism have been applied widely for these aims. This analytical review examines the possibilities and the prospects of application the different DNA-analysis methods for assessment of forage crops genetic diversity and for development the molecular-genetic passports of breeding achievements. The objective estimation of varieties structure and presence impurities is a necessary condition for improving the methodical approaches in approbation of crops and for decision the problems of timely variety-seed renovation and its systematic replacement. The system of DNA markers that registered in genetic passport will enable to keep the initial genetic structure of variety and to maintain it in production process during long time without fluctuations of agronomic important characteristics and properties. This factor is especially valuable for development the primary seed multiplication.

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