Specification for dimensions of car radio installation space

1986 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Installation Space

scholarly journals Heat-Up Performance of Catalyst Carriers—A Parameter Study and Thermodynamic Analysis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 964
Author(s):  
Thomas Steiner ◽  
Daniel Neurauter ◽  
Peer Moewius ◽  
Christoph Pfeifer ◽  
Verena Schallhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Installation Space ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Internal Surface Area

This study investigates geometric parameters of commercially available or recently published models of catalyst substrates for passenger vehicles and provides a numerical evaluation of their influence on heat-up behavior. Parameters considered to have a significant impact on the thermal economy of a monolith are: internal surface area, heat transfer coefficient, and mass of the converter, as well as its heat capacity. During simulation experiments, it could be determined that the primary role is played by the mass of the monolith and its internal surface area, while the heat transfer coefficient only has a secondary role. Furthermore, an optimization loop was implemented, whereby the internal surface area of a commonly used substrate was chosen as a reference. The lengths of the thin wall and high cell density monoliths investigated were adapted consecutively to obtain the reference internal surface area. The results obtained by this optimization process contribute to improving the heat-up performance while simultaneously reducing the valuable installation space required.

scholarly journals METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING SUITABLE COMPONENTS FOR FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION – FOCUSING ON GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2047-2056
Author(s):  
Michael P. Voigt ◽  
Dominik Klaiber ◽  
Patrick Hommel ◽  
Daniel Roth ◽  
Hansgeorg Binz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Installation Space ◽  
Geometric Properties ◽  
Geometric Characteristics ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe approach of functional integration has the potential to solve challenges regarding lightweight design and resource efficiency since the number of parts and therefore the weight and needed installation space can be reduced. One important step in developing integrative concepts is the pre-selection of suitable functions or components. Previous methods of pre-selection take various aspects into account. However, pre-selection based on these methods usually requires additional tables and forms, whose preparation and editing quickly becomes time-consuming. At the same time, most of the development engineers are working on CAD models. However, their use in the selection of suitable integration partners is not yet supported sufficiently. The development of more than 80 concepts on five different vehicles has shown that the consideration of geometric properties (position, orientation, size) is effective, as they can be identified with minimal analysis effort while working on CAD. In this paper a four-step procedure is presented how integration partners can be identified directly on the basis of CAD models. A following evaluation with development engineers in practice completes the research.

Flight Control System Design and Autonomous Flight Control of Small-Scale Unmanned Helicopter Based on Nanosensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-688
Author(s):  
Xinfan Yin ◽  
Xianmin Peng ◽  
Guichuan Zhang ◽  
Binghui Che ◽  
Chang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Installation Space ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Unmanned Helicopter ◽  
Flight Control System ◽  
Autonomous Flight ◽  
Position Controller ◽  
Attitude Controller

Due to the limitation of the size and power, micro unmanned aerial vehicle (MUAV) usually has a small load capacity. Aiming at the problems of limited installation space and easy being interfered in flight attitude measurement of the small-scale unmanned helicopter (SUH), a low-cost and lightweight flight control system of the SUH based on ARM Cortex-M4 core microcontroller and Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors is developed in this paper. On this basis, in order to realize the autonomous flight control of SUH, firstly, the mathematical model of the SUH is given by using the Newton-Euler formulation. Secondly, a cascade flight controller consisting of the attitude controller and the position controller is developed based on linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. Furthermore, simulations are conducted to validate the performance of the attitude controller and the position controller in MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation environment. Finally, based on the Align T-REX 470L SUH experimental platform, the hovering experiment and the route flight experiment are also carried out to validate the performance of the designed flight control system hardware and the proposed control algorithm. The results show that the flight control system designed in this paper has high reliability and strong anti-interference ability, and the control algorithm can effectively and reliably realize the attitude stabilization control and route control of the SUH, with high control accuracy and small error.

Research and Development of Distributed Multistage TMD for Long Period Structure Using Coil Spring

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Furuya ◽  
Hiroshi Kurabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Tuned Mass Damper ◽  
Installation Space ◽  
Coil Spring ◽  
Additional Mass ◽  
Natural Period ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Mass Damper ◽  
And Performance

The response control techniques are mainly divided into two categories. One is a storey installation damper type using a damping element such as oil, elasto-plastic, viscoelastic, and so on. The other is an additional mass damper type such as a active and passive type tuned mass damper including a hybrid type. The device configuration of later damper type becomes larger into high-rise structure and long natural period structure because of increase of additional mass in the same case of mass ratio and necessary design stroke of moving mass. In generally, however, it is desired to be a compact size with a same vibration attenuation performance because of that there is a limitation of installation space for the device, and also it is important to be realize the application of the damper with low cost and with a necessary specification for damper performance. This study has been conducted to develop the passive tuned mass damper system using coil spring for long period structure considering a design indexes such as compact size, low cost and robustness. Although a coil spring has been well used by the tuned mass damper system as one way of solving a cost problem and performance stability, the problem of compact size still remains in case of the application to a long period structure. Multistage type is therefore proposed to the system in this time. Furthermore, the distributed TMD theory is applied to the system for robustness of the system. This paper summarizes from a basic theory to the application of proposed device to the real scale long period structure.

scholarly journals Investigation of Operational Efficiency using Stochastic Models for Electric propulsion in Ships

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Nayana
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Installation Space ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Drive Trains ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Consumption Energy ◽  
Traction Equipment ◽  
Operational Processes

In various models of vehicle drive trains, issues such as improving electric propulsion reliability, environmental performance, and economic efficiency has been enabled by the recent developments in electric power engineering in terms of materials, equipment and technologies. The increasing requirements in ecological parameters, efficiency for fault tolerance and reliability, accurate selection of design features and type of electric propulsion drive as well as the limitations on the traction equipment weight and installation space are the important parameters for execution of the system approach. The automobile electric propulsion systems consisting of one or more traction motors and few generating elements and their operational efficiency are analysed by means of stochastic models. Aircrafts, hybrid cars, diesel-electric locomotives, arctic cargo ships and icebreakers are ideal platforms for implementation of the propulsion system. The load modes of traction electric motors, operational fuel consumption, energy output of thermal engines and several other probabilistic characters of operational processes and random factors that influence the simulation result accuracy cannot be evaluated using the deterministic approach.

3D-Master-Leitungssatz – Virtuelle Produkt-entwicklung von Automobilleitungssätzen/3D-Master Wiring Harness – Virtual Product Design of Automotive Wiring Harness as Combination of Installation Space- and Product Orientation

Konstruktion ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (05) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Jonas Neckenich ◽  
Rajeeth Tharma ◽  
Roland Winter ◽  
Michael Vielhaber
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Installation Space ◽  
Wiring Harness ◽  
Virtual Product

Inhalt: Die Fokussierung auf eine 3D-orientierte Produktentwicklung wird immer wichtiger. Im Entwicklungsprozess des Leitungssatzes treffen dabei bauraumorientierte 3D-Entwicklung und produktorientierte 2D-Entwicklung aufeinander. Mit dem Konzept des 3D-Master-Leitungs-satzes werden alle notwendigen Informationen des Kabelbaums direkt im 3D-Modell verfügbar. Neben einem Kurzabriss über die Digitale Entwicklung und die Besonderheiten des Leitungssatzes wird das Konzept des 3D- Master-Leitungssatzes erläutert und sein Nutzen für die Folgeprozesse aufgezeigt.

scholarly journals Reduction method of residual voltage by connecting lead length of surge protection device

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.3) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Young Dal Kim ◽  
Young Chan Kim ◽  
Yun Mi Jeong ◽  
Dae Dong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Installation Space ◽  
Lead Wire ◽  
Protection Device ◽  
Design Technique ◽  
Wire Length ◽  
Residual Voltage ◽  
Protection Level ◽  
Surge Protection

Background/Objectives: In order to minimize the damage and malfunction of the equipment and system from various surges, we studied the method of reducing the residual voltage according to the lead wire length of the surge protector.Methods/Statistical analysis: In buildings, SPD installation space is insufficient or narrow, resulting in longer lead wire of SPD, and SPD protection performance is decreased due to increase of voltage protection level and residual voltage. In this study, the voltage protection level and the residual voltage of the conventional SPD model and the proposed SPD model are analyzed according to the change of the connecting conductor length from 0.5to 100m.Findings: In the case of the conventional SPD model, the protection level of the SPD is excellent by measuring the voltage protection level at 1,410V even if the lead wire length of the connecting conductor is changed to 10m, but when it exceeds 10m, the protection performance and the protection cooperation are reduced. On the other hand, in the case of the proposed SPD model, the voltage protection level was measured to be 50 V or less even if the lead wire length of the connecting conductor was changed to100 m. Therefore, it is considered that SPD protection performance and protection cooperation are excellent.Improvements/Applications: The design technique of SPD obtained through this study will help to select the optimal installation site and reduce the budget.  

scholarly journals Parametric Modeling of Mass and Volume Effects for Battery Electric Vehicles, with Focus on the Wheel Components

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Nicoletti ◽  
Andrea Romano ◽  
Adrian König ◽  
Ferdinand Schockenhoff ◽  
Markus Lienkamp
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Installation Space ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Development Phase ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Weight ◽  
Early Development Phase ◽  
Weight Fluctuations

Defining a vehicle concept during the early development phase is a challenging task, since only a limited number of design parameters are known. For battery electric vehicles (BEVs), vehicle weight is a design parameter, which needs to be estimated by using an iterative approach, thus causing weight fluctuations during the early development phase. These weight fluctuations, in turn, require other vehicle components to be redesigned and can lead to a change in their size (secondary volume change) and weight (secondary weight change). Furthermore, a change in component size can impact the available installation space and can lead to collision between components. In this paper, we focus on a component that has a high influence on the available installation space: the wheels. We model the essential components of the wheels and further quantify their secondary volume and weight changes caused by a vehicle weight fluctuation. Subsequently, we model the influence of the secondary volume changes on the available installation space at the front axle. The hereby presented approach enables an estimation of the impact of weight fluctuations on the wheels and on the available installation space, which enables a reduction in time-consuming iterations during the development process.

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