Microbiology of the food chain - Requirements and guidelines for conducting challenge tests of food and feed products

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Challenge Tests

scholarly journals Inventory of microbial species with a rationale: a comparison of the IDF/EFFCA inventory of microbial food cultures with the EFSA Biohazard Panel qualified presumption of safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i83-i88
Author(s):  
F Bourdichon ◽  
S Laulund ◽  
P Tenning
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
European Food Safety Authority ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
Food Cultures ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
International Dairy Federation

ABSTRACT In order to provide a harmonised preassessment to support risk assessment performed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the Biohazard Panel in 2007 published guidelines for evaluation of the safety of a strain included in the food chain, the Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS). Since 2008, the Biohazard Panel has published on a regular basis an update of the microbial strains submitted for approval and extends the list of species which have been granted QPS status. The International Dairy Federation (IDF) and the European Food and Feed Cultures Association (EFFCA) have, since 2002, been conducting a project on the safety demonstration of microbial food cultures (MFCs). Following the publication of IDF Bulletin 377–2002, an inventory of MFCs was published in IDF Bulletin 455–2012 and updated most recently in IDF Bulletin 495–2018. These two lists developed by EFSA (QPS) and IDF/EFFCA both propose as an outcome an inventory of microbial species that are safe for human consumption. To avoid confusion when these two inventories are compared, this review attempts to explain the rationale that was used to develop them and explain how the two lists should be understood.

Way forward to bring insects in the human food chain

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vantomme
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Legal Frameworks

The recognition that insects can contribute to food security has received a remarkable boost by the media, and is getting more attention from researchers and from food and feed agencies worldwide. This paper reviews major activities and achievements over the past 4 years and suggests ways forward mainly from an FAO perspective. To assure that insects can remain part of the diets of 2 billion people, action is urgently needed to protect and ensure sustainability in gathering wild insect populations, to promote simple semi-domestication techniques, and to farm insects at household or industrial scale levels. Integrating edible insects as healthy food into the agenda and campaigns of food agencies will require a more comprehensive understanding on the nutritional and health values of more insect species. Further investigation is needed particularly of impacts on consumer's health, food safety, environmental impacts and risk assessments of using insects in the food chain. National and international poverty alleviation agencies and aid programmes need to be made aware that gathering and farming insects is a viable option to help people improve their livelihoods. For this to happen, a comprehensive awareness raising campaign needs to be launched on the socio-economic benefits that insect gathering and farming can offer, with a special focus on improving the food security of the poorest of society. Legislators and policy makers are called on to deliberate and include insects as feed and food into existing national policy and legal frameworks covering the food, health and feed sectors. Research is needed to investigate the sustainability and quantify the environmental impacts of harvesting and farming insects as compared with traditional farming and livestock-raising practices. This would help to inform the public about the real footprint and cost of our food choices and on their socio-economic and environmental consequences.

scholarly journals Bacillus spp. Contamination: A Novel Risk Originated From Animal Feed to Human Food Chains in South-Eastern Bangladesh

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Atiqul Haque ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Foysal Hossen ◽  
Md Aminul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Food And Feed

The current study provides information on Bacillus spp. contamination along with present status in commercially available poultry and animal feeds as well as animal-derived products in Bangladesh. The research has been conducted to determine if animal feed and its components are a source of Bacillus spp. contamination in feed and food chain. Out of 180 different feeds, milk, egg, and human stool samples, 218 Bacillus spp. were isolated and identified by cultural morphology, microscopic, biochemical, and molecular characteristics where B. cereus, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis, B. thuringiensis, B. megaterium, and B. coagulans accounted for 51, 22, 9.1, 5.9, 5, 3.6, and 2.2%, respectively. Regarding the enumeration of total viable count and total Bacillus count, correspondingly 67 and 39% samples were found to be contaminated with above 10,000 CFU/g, while highest contamination was 85 and 75% in broiler feed, respectively. The total number of bacteria above the regulatory limits in commercially available feeds indicates a poor compliance with regulation and abuse administration in the Bangladeshi market. Moreover, a hospital-based survey showed that food-borne Bacillus spp. contributed to 4.5% human diarrhea cases and 25% food contamination associated with vegetables, rice, RTE food, milk, and egg, accounting for 46, 34, 14, 4, and 2%, respectively. B. cereus was the dominant isolate correspondingly accounting for 56 and 51% egg and milk contamination followed by B. amyloliquefaciens (32%) and B. thuringiensis (12%) in egg and B. subtilis (25%), B. amyloliquefaciens (12%), B. thuringiensis (6.4%), and B. coagulans (3.2%) in milk, respectively. Toxin gene profiling of Bacillus spp. revealed that B. cereus constituted a principal part of virulence, while B. thuringiensis, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. coagulans, and B. subtilis showed genetic diversity and B. amyloliquefaciens had not carried any toxin gene. Detection rate of enterotoxin genes (nheA, nheB, nheC, cytK, hblA, hblC, hblD, and entFM) showed that 55% isolates carried nheABC genes, 80% entFM, and 71% cytK, whereas only 33% of the isolates contained hblACD gene clusters. These virulence genes were posing a threat to human health due to spread across the food and feed chain. Finally, our findings support the hypothesis that B. cereus might contribute to clinical diarrhea, gizzard erosion, and lung infection in duck and poultry, and that it contaminates animal-derived foods resulting in toxicity and antibacterial resistance to humans. Therefore, maximal tolerance limits of Bacillus spp. and their potential risks to the animal industry are urgently needed to clarify. Moreover, Bacillus spp.–induced toxin residual must be altered for human health via food chain transmission.

Market perceptions of food and feed safety

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
P. C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Feed Processing ◽  
Safety Assurance ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Market Perceptions ◽  
Feed Safety ◽  
Fundamental Shift

The last decade has witnessed a dramatic increase in the introduction of risk management and safety assurance throughout the UK’s food and feed processing and manufacturing industries. This has resulted in part from changes in legislation, but more significantly it has reflected a fundamental shift in the market environment in which the food-chain industries operate. Risk management was established as a key requirement when the emergence of food safety problems in the 1980s became a matter of public concern. Retailers responded by driving the safety assurance ‘down’ the food-supply chain, and politicians by moving food-chain regulation up their list of legislative priorities.

EU regulation of genetically modified organisms: Food and feed, traceability and labelling

10.5912/jcb4 ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine Schofield
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Gm Crops ◽  
Eu Regulation ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
The Eu

The European Commission has proposed two new regulations to deal with the labelling and traceability of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). These deal with both food and animal feed. The intention is to provide information to the consumer, to ensure transparency of GM ingredients in the food chain and to encourage the unblocking of an (unofficial) moratorium on GM crops. This paper describes where the proposals are in the EU system, the issues and the problems industry will face if they are implemented in their present format.

scholarly journals Potential emerging chemical risks in the food chain associated with substances registered under REACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
J. Oltmanns ◽  
O. Licht ◽  
M.-L. Bohlen ◽  
M. Schwarz ◽  
S. E. Escher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Screening Procedure ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Reach Regulation

A screening procedure for the identification of potential emerging chemical risks in the food and feed chain developed in a previous EFSA-sponsored study was applied to 15021 substances registered under the REACH regulation at the time of evaluation.

scholarly journals Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Common Nutritional Components, in Feed and Food

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Cortés-Herrera ◽  
Graciela Artavia ◽  
Astrid Leiva ◽  
Fabio Granados-Chinchilla
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Mass Detection ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Feed Analysis ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Food and feed laboratories share several similarities when facing the implementation of liquid-chromatographic analysis. Using the experience acquired over the years, through application chemistry in food and feed research, selected analytes of relevance for both areas were discussed. This review focused on the common obstacles and peculiarities that each analyte offers (during the sample treatment or the chromatographic separation) throughout the implementation of said methods. A brief description of the techniques which we considered to be more pertinent, commonly used to assay such analytes is provided, including approaches using commonly available detectors (especially in starter labs) as well as mass detection. This manuscript consists of three sections: feed analysis (as the start of the food chain); food destined for human consumption determinations (the end of the food chain); and finally, assays shared by either matrices or laboratories. Analytes discussed consist of both those considered undesirable substances, contaminants, additives, and those related to nutritional quality. Our review is comprised of the examination of polyphenols, capsaicinoids, theobromine and caffeine, cholesterol, mycotoxins, antibiotics, amino acids, triphenylmethane dyes, nitrates/nitrites, ethanol soluble carbohydrates/sugars, organic acids, carotenoids, hydro and liposoluble vitamins. All analytes are currently assayed in our laboratories.

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